Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition
Javier Amador-Casta?eda, BHS, RRT, FCCM
| Respiratory Care Practitioner | Author | Speaker | Veteran | ESICM Representative, North America
Eichelmann, F., Prada, M., Sellem, L. et al. Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition. Nat Med (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1
Summary of "Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition"
Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major contributors to global health issues. Current guidelines recommend reducing dietary saturated fats (SFAs) and increasing unsaturated fats (UFAs) to prevent these diseases. However, the impact of replacing SFAs with UFAs on cardiometabolic health remains debated. This study explores how changes in dietary fat quality affect the lipidome and their association with cardiometabolic disease risk, using lipidomics data to develop a multilipid score (MLS) that reflects these changes.
Methods
Results
Discussion
This study highlights the significant impact of dietary fat quality on the lipidome and its association with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk. The MLS and rMLS provide sensitive metrics for assessing the health-related effects of dietary fat quality, outperforming traditional markers. The results support dietary guidelines recommending the replacement of SFAs with plant-based UFAs to lower CVD and T2D risk. Additionally, lipidomics-based scores may offer a precision nutrition approach to identify individuals who could benefit most from dietary interventions focusing on fat quality.
Conclusion
The study provides robust evidence linking improved dietary fat quality with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk. Lipidomics-based scores, such as the MLS and rMLS, could serve as effective tools for monitoring dietary interventions and predicting disease risk, highlighting the benefits of replacing SFAs with plant-based UFAs. Further research is needed to validate these findings in diverse populations and explore their potential in precision nutrition strategies.
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Discussion Questions
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