Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition
Eichelmann, F., Prada, M., Sellem, L. et al. Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision

Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition

Eichelmann, F., Prada, M., Sellem, L. et al. Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition. Nat Med (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1


Summary of "Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition"


Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major contributors to global health issues. Current guidelines recommend reducing dietary saturated fats (SFAs) and increasing unsaturated fats (UFAs) to prevent these diseases. However, the impact of replacing SFAs with UFAs on cardiometabolic health remains debated. This study explores how changes in dietary fat quality affect the lipidome and their association with cardiometabolic disease risk, using lipidomics data to develop a multilipid score (MLS) that reflects these changes.

Methods

  • Study Design and Population:
  • Lipidomics Profiling:
  • Statistical Analysis:

Results

  • DIVAS Trial and MLS Development:
  • EPIC-Potsdam Cohort:
  • NHS/NHSII Cohorts:
  • PREDIMED Trial:
  • LIPOGAIN-2 Trial:

Discussion

This study highlights the significant impact of dietary fat quality on the lipidome and its association with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk. The MLS and rMLS provide sensitive metrics for assessing the health-related effects of dietary fat quality, outperforming traditional markers. The results support dietary guidelines recommending the replacement of SFAs with plant-based UFAs to lower CVD and T2D risk. Additionally, lipidomics-based scores may offer a precision nutrition approach to identify individuals who could benefit most from dietary interventions focusing on fat quality.

Conclusion

The study provides robust evidence linking improved dietary fat quality with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk. Lipidomics-based scores, such as the MLS and rMLS, could serve as effective tools for monitoring dietary interventions and predicting disease risk, highlighting the benefits of replacing SFAs with plant-based UFAs. Further research is needed to validate these findings in diverse populations and explore their potential in precision nutrition strategies.

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Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition
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Discussion Questions

  1. How can lipidomics-based scores be integrated into clinical practice to guide personalized dietary recommendations for cardiometabolic risk reduction?
  2. What are the potential challenges and limitations in applying lipidomics to assess dietary fat quality and predict health outcomes?
  3. How might future studies expand on these findings to explore the long-term effects of dietary fat quality on other health outcomes beyond cardiometabolic diseases?


Javier Amador-Casta?eda, BHS, RRT, FCCM

Interprofessional Critical Care Network (ICCN)



Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


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