About Linux, Its History, Introduction And Linux System Administration

About Linux:-

·      Mascot: Tux, the penguin

·      Developer: Community

·      Written In: Primarily C and Assembly

·      Initial Release: September 17, 1991

·      OS Family: Unix-Like

·      Source Model: Mainly open-source, proprietary software is available

·      Marketing Target: Personal Computers, Mobile Devices, Embedded Devices, Servers, Mainframe, Supercomputers

·      Available In: Multilingual

·      Kernel Type: Monolithic (Linux Kernel)

·      Userland: GNU and various others

·      Default user Interface: Many

·      Platforms: Alpha, ARC, ARM, RISC, Hexagon, Itanium, TILE64, Unicore32, PowerPC, MIPS, MN103, Nios2

Linux History:-

·      Linux History is back to 1991 with the commencement of personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel.

·      Its initial release of the source code in 1991, has grown from a number of  C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.2.3 version in 2015 with more than 18 million lines of source code under the GNU General Public License.

·      In 1991, Linux Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel. He wrote the program specifically for hardware and he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with an 80306 processor.

·      The development of Linux was done on MINIX using the GNU C Compiler.

·      It can also be built by other compilers such as Intel C Compiler.

·      Linux Torvalds wanted to call his new invention Freax, a portmanteau of “free”, “freak” and “x”(as an illusion to Unix).

Linux Introduction:-

Linux under the GNU GPL

·      Firstly the Linux kernel was been published by Torvalds under its own license, it has a restriction on commercial activity.

·      The software to use with the kernel was software developed as part of the GNU project licensed under a free software license.

·      In 1992, Linux released the kernel under the GNU General Public License. Its first announced this decision in the release notes of version 0.12.

·      In 2007, the GPLv3 was released and Torvalds was that majority of kernel developers started adopting the new license for the Linux kernel.

Community

·      The largest part of the work on Linux is performed by the community: the thousands of programmers around the world that use Linux and send their suggested improvements to the maintainers.

·      Various companies have also helped not only with the development of the kernels, but also with the writing of the body of auxillary software, which is distributed with Linux.

Open-Source Development Lab and Linux Foundation

·      The open-source Development Lab (OSDL) was created in the year 2000, and is an independent non-profit organization which pursues the goal of optimizing Linux for employment in data centers and in the carriers range.

·      It served as the sponsored working premises for Linux Torvalds and also for the Andrew Morton (until the middle of 2006 when Morton transferred to Google).

Companies

·      Despite, being freely available, companies profit from Linux. These companies, many of which are also members of the Linux Foundation, invest substantial resources into the advancement and development of Linux, in order to make it suited for various application areas.

·      Some examples are Dell, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, which validate use and sell Linux on their own servers, and Red Hat and SUSE, which maintain their own enterprise distributions, Likewise, Digia supports Linux by the development and LGPL Licensing of QT, which makes the development of KDE possible, and by employing some of the X and KDE developers.

Desktop Environments

·      KDE was the first announced and advanced desktop environment, but it was controversial due to the then proprietary of toolkit used.

·      GNOME was developed as an alternative due to licensing questions. The two use a different underlying toolkit and thus involve different programming, and are sponsored by two different groups, German non-profit KDE ev and the United States non-profit GNOME Foundation.

Linux System Administrator:-

Linux is a major force in computing technology, powering everything from mobile phones and personal computers to supercomputers and servers.

The job of a System Administrator is to manage the operations of a computer system. As most computing devices are powered by Linux.

1.   Linux File Systems

2.   File System Hierarchy

3.   Linux Online Manual Page

4.   Root/Super User

5.   Handling Files and Directories

Competencies: System Administration, Network Management, Analytical Skills and Critical Thinking.

Skills Required:-

1.   To entails up a knowledge of operating systems and applications, as well as hardware and software troubleshooting.

2.   The most important skill for a system administrator is to problem solving-frequently under various sorts of constraints and stress.

3.   We should know various programming languages used for scripting or automation of routine tasks.

4.   They are expected up to understand the equivalent key/core concepts of a software engineer understand.

5.   Basically, system Administrators need little bit knowledge about Linux.

6.   When dealing with the Internet-facing or business critical systems, a system with overall security and to upkeep of firewalls.