LinkedIn Thoughts #1: The Purpose and Value of Fundamental Physics Research

While this topic could fuel hours of debate, I will briefly summarize my thoughts and share a few examples in this article.

First, what is fundamental physics? It is the study of the most basic principles that govern our universe. Key examples include Newton’s laws of motion and the theory of relativity. Fundamental physics research focuses on expanding, refining, and correcting our understanding of these core physical laws.

The main purpose of fundamental physics research is simple: to understand where we are and how this place works. Whether driven by curiosity, a need for belonging, or practical necessity, this knowledge helps us grasp how we fit into the bigger picture and where we are heading. This purpose has direct value: once we understand the workings and potential of the universe, we can apply that knowledge to improve our lives.

This is evident in the direct applications of fundamental physics research, such as:

• The work of John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton on associative memory and data element identification led to advancements in artificial intelligence as we know it today. John and Geoffrey were awarded the latest 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Research into the photoelectric effect paved the way for solar panels, enabling the conversion of sunlight into usable energy.
• Superconductivity research is enhancing the design of efficient energy storage systems, significantly improving power grids, reducing energy loss, and being implemented in medical imaging, magnetic levitation, and telecommunication.

While the direct value of fundamental research is clear, the more interesting aspect lies in its indirect value. Although it doesn't always have immediate practical applications, it plays a critical role in advancing scientific knowledge and technology. These advancements arise from discoveries in fundamental research that lead to the creation of tools that improve our lives, even if the research was not directly aimed at developing these tools. Here are a few examples among many others:

• The principles of quantum mechanics discovered a century ago, are now being harnessed to develop quantum computers.
• The principles of relativity, discovered between 1905 and 1915, are essential for accurate GPS navigation, ensuring that our devices can pinpoint our location effectively.
• The principles of magnetic resonance, originally discovered through research on the interstellar medium, led to the development of MRI technology, allowing for detailed imaging of internal body structures in medical diagnostics.
• The discovery of antimatter, specifically the particle called “positron,” has led to its use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans to detect tumors and cancers.

Scientific discoveries from the past have laid the foundation for the technologies and advancements of today. Additionally, the tools developed to do fundamental physics research can be used to improve existing technologies. For example:

• Particle accelerators, initially designed for research in fundamental physics, have led to advancements in materials and have been instrumental in producing isotopes used in medical imaging and cancer treatment, particularly in targeted therapies.
• The World Wide Web (WWW) was originally created at CERN to facilitate communication among researchers. “WWW.” revolutionized how information is shared and accessed globally, laid the groundwork for the modern internet, and transformed how we interact, work, and access knowledge.

In conclusion, fundamental physics research drives both intellectual curiosity and long-term technological progress. While intellectual curiosity by itself holds the most significant value, we must note that the advancements in the science of today lay the foundation for the technologies of tomorrow. Therefore, while it may seem like a burden for states and governments, fundamental physics research should be prioritized by any leading nation that looks to the future beyond the immediate years.

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