Let's Discuss: The development of the models that made them be designed for adult learners.

Action Mapping: Has been identified as a quick and easy way for educators to design effective and compelling learning experiences in the eLearning and training events spaces (ID, n.d.). Cathy Moore developed the model to streamline the overall design processes used today.

SAM Model: This model was designed specifically for an eLearning environment that is agile and performance-driven (ID, n.d.). This model is the creation of Dr. Michael Allen, who opted for a recursive approach to models rather than a linear process and has demonstrated success in the adult education space (Kennesaw State University, 2019). This model elicits feedback from the users of the model early in the process rather than at the end, as typical in most of today's design models.

Explain the characteristics of the models that make them effective for adult learners.

Action Mapping: This model allows for measurement of performance, can identify the best solutions to problems in performance, and this is not a presentation. It offers practical and practiced, hands-on activities for the learners in the adult learning space (Actionwork, n.d.). Downes (2019) captured that action mapping allows the user to focus first on analyzing the problem then defining the appropriate solutions.

Successive Approximation Model (SAM) Model: SAM is a long history and is rooted in the foundational learnings of cognitivism. This model is appropriate for adult education because it can assist the institution in systemically organizing instructional material (Herrholtz, 2020). SAM has been reported to alleviate various challenges faced by users of other models to improve visibility and reduce overall design development time (Rimmer, 2019), making this model adaptable and agile to meet the growing demands of the adult learning environment.

Discuss how the models can be modified as needed to meet the varying needs that are unique of adult learners. Needs to consider can be time/scheduling, household and family duties, work and career needs, etc. Other things to consider about how the ID models could be modified or fitted to adult learning needs could include cultural and language considerations, etc.

Action Mapping Application: This approach is focused on performance (i.e., what learners do) over information (i.e., what learners need to know), (Peck, n.d.). This model is adaptable for learners of in-person training sessions or eLearning platforms and is ideally suited for small or large group participation. Actions mapping can aid the educator in aligning the goals and objectives of the institution/program while developing and delivering high-quality instructional content.??

SAM Model Application:?This model is an iterative design model making the phases (i.e., preparation, iterative design, and iterative development) agile and adaptable to meet the needs of unique adult learners. Almost all adult learning environments utilize a learning management system (LMS), and today's LMSs were created using the principles of SAM. SAM allows the user to move back and forth in the review and rectification toward the launch of the final design (Brusin, 2013). This is important because the user can make the necessary adjustments to meet the learner's uniqueness. Many instructional design models are slower at arriving at the best solutions, which in the adult education space, time, or (the lack thereof) is valued. So, the SAM model closes the gap of time to reach the best solution in the eLearning space to meet the challenges of the fast and furious pace of adult learning.

In your opinion and supported by the readings, what are some advantages and disadvantages of the instructional design models?

Advantages:

Action Mapping: Drives best solutions in performance areas, takes advantage of realistic practice activities that involve everyone. It helps to narrow the purpose of the training and helps the user determine the best delivery platform.

SAM Model: The model's design continuously accounts for the evaluation and re-modification for refinement. This model has only three phases speeding up the refinement and relaunch of the model as needed and helps to avoid rework (Dhondi, 2014).

Disadvantages:

Action Mapping: There are concerns about the accuracy of the data used in action mapping. The action mapping users must be detail-oriented, or mistakes will happen. Finally, the input range can be small amounts to substantial quantities, potentially overwhelming the team and the purpose for its use (LQ., n.d.).

SAM Model: Because SAM is so inclusive of everyone's ideas and assumptions, too many could slow the project's launch. The cyclical process of SAM makes it appealing; however, that puts less emphasis on the preparation phase, meaning it could easily be dismissed by the users (Pappas, C. 2021).

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References:

Actionwork, (N.D.). Action mapping: a visual approach to training design. Retrieved from https://blog.cathy-moore.com/action-mapping-a-visual-approach-to-training-design/

Brusin, J. (2013). Successive approximation model (SAM). Retrieved from https://en.everybodywiki.com/Successive_Approximation_Model_(SAM)

Dhondi, P. (2014). SAM. Retrieved from https://blog.commlabindia.com/elearning-design/sam-an-agile-process-in-instructional-design

Herrholtz, K. (2020). Rapid instructional design with SAM. Retrieved from https://elearningindustry.com/sam-successive-approximation-model-for-rapid-instructional-design

Instructional Design Central (n.d.). Instructional Design Models. Retrieved from https://www.instructionaldesigncentral.com/instructionaldesignmodels

Kennesaw State University. (2019). Successive Approximation Model. Retrieved from https://dli.kennesaw.edu/resources/idmodels/sam.php

Lasting Quality. (N.D.) What are the advantages and disadvantages of processing mapping. Retrieved from https://www.latestquality.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-process-mapping/

Pappas, C. (2021). ADDIE Model vs. SAM Model. Retrieved from https://elearningindustry.com/addie-vs-sam-model-best-for-next-elearning-project

Peck, D. (N.D.). Action mapping for instructional designers. Retrieved from https://www.devlinpeck.com/talks/action-mapping-for-instructional-designers

Rimmer, T. (2019). An introduction to SAM for instructional designers. Retrieved from https://community.articulate.com/articles/an-introduction-to-sam-for-instructional-designers