Letni dopust
Ena izmed pravic delavca ob sklenitvi delovnega razmerja je tudi pravica do letnega dopusta. In ?eprav so pravice in dol?nosti (tako delodajalca, kot tudi delavca) podrobno opredeljene v Zakonu o delovnih razmerjih in kolektivnih pogodbah, pa v praksi ?e vedno prihaja do nesoglasij.
Ob tem delodajalci ne pozabite – najkasneje do 31. marca morate svoje zaposlene pisno obvestiti o odmeri letnega dopusta za teko?e koledarsko leto.
Koliko je minimalno ?tevilo dni dopusta?
Minimalni dopust ne sme biti kraj?i od ?tirih tednov; odvisno pa je od razporeditve delovnih dni v tednu za posameznega delavca. Tako nekdo, ki dela 4 dni na teden pridobi pravico do dopusta v vi?ini najmanj 16 dni, nekdo, ki opravlja delo 6 delovnih dni pa najmanj 24 dni dopusta. V praksi je najpogostej?i pet dnevni delovnik, kar pomeni najmanj 20 dni dopusta.
Kateri so dodatni dnevi dopusta po Zakonu o delovnih razmerjih?
Tudi no?nemu delavcu pripada dodatni dopust, ?tevilo dni pa je odvisno od kolektivne pogodbe oziroma pogodbe o zaposlitvi.
Delavec nima sklenjenega delovnega razmerja za celo koledarsko leto. Koliko dopusta mu pripada??
V kolikor delavec in delodajalec v koledarskem letu nimata sklenjenega delovnega razmerja za celo koledarsko leto, delavcu pripada sorazmerni del dopusta za vsak dopolnjen mesec dela. ?e prika?em na konkretnem primeru – ?e ima delavec sklenjeno pogodbo za 6 mesecev, na letni osnovni pa mu pripada 20 dni dopusta – delavcu pripada 6/12 dopusta (v na?em primeru torej polovica), kar zna?a 10 dni.
Mora delavec res koristiti dva tedna dopusta v strnjenem nizu?
Letni dopust je mogo?e izrabiti v ve? delih, s tem, da mora en del trajati najmanj dva tedna.
Ob tem naj dodam, da delavcu ki ima ?oloobveznega otroka pripada pravica do kori??enja dopusta v trajanju enega tedna v ?asu ?olskih po?itnic.
Lahko delavec prenese dopust iz prej?njega leta in do kdaj ga mora izrabiti??
Delavec je dol?an dopust izkoristiti v teko?em letu, delodajalec pa mu je to dol?an omogo?iti. Le ob dogovoru z delodajalcem lahko delavec dopust prenese v naslednje koledarsko leto – a pozor, neizrabljen dopust je potrebno izkoristiti do 30.06.; v kolikor delavec dopusta v tem ?asu ne izkoristi, mu le ta zapade. Le v primerih odsotnosti zaradi bolezni ali po?kodbe, porodni?kega dopusta ali dopusta za nego in varstvo otroka, lahko dopust koristi do 31. decembra.
Kaj, ?e delavec ne ?eli koristiti dopusta?
Izjava, s katero bi se delavec odpovedal pravici do letnega dopusta, je neveljavna. Neveljaven je tudi sporazum, s katerim bi se delavec in delodajalec dogovorila o denarnem nadomestilu za neizrabljeni letni dopust, razen ob prenehanju delovnega razmerja.
Kdaj delavcu pripada t.i. ?izredni dopust??
V tem primeru govorimo o pravici do pla?ane odsotnosti z dela zaradi osebnih okoli??in. Zakon o delovnih razmerjih navaja naslednje razloge, kjer ima delavec pravico do pla?ane odsotnosti z dela najmanj en delovni dan:
? lastna poroka,
? smrt zakonca ali zunajzakonskega partnerja ali smrt otroka, posvojenca ali otroka zakonca ali zunajzakonskega partnerja,
? smrt star?ev – o?e, mati, zakonec ali zunajzakonski partner star?a, posvojitelj,
? huj?a nesre?a, ki zadane delavca,
? spremstvo otroka, u?enca prvega razreda, v ?olo na prvi ?olski dan.?
Pri tem ne pozabite preveriti kolektivne pogodbe, ki zavezuje podjetje, saj je lahko na ravni posamezne panoge dolo?ena pravica do dalj?ega ?tevila dni pla?ane odsotnosti z dela, prav tako lahko navaja dodatne razloge za odsotnost z dela zaradi osebnih okoli??in.
Ali lahko delodajalec odredi dopust delavcu?
Po Zakonu o delovnih razmerjih lahko delavec koristi zgolj 1 dan (dolo?ene kolektivne pogodbe dolo?ajo ve? dni) po svoji izbiri, pri ?emer mora delodajalca o tem obvestiti najmanj 3 dni prej. Za ves preostali dopust potrebuje odobritev delodajalca. To pomeni, da praviloma lahko delodajalec enostransko odredi dopust delavcu.
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Annual leave
One of the rights an employee gets when he or she starts working is the right to annual leave. And although the rights and obligations (of both the employer and the employee) are defined in detail in the Employment Relations Act and collective agreements, in practice there are still some disagreements.
Employers - keep in mind that you must inform your employees in writing no later than 31 March of the annual leave entitlement for the current calendar year.
What is the minimum number of days' leave?
The minimum leave entitlement should not be less than four weeks; it depends on the distribution of working days in a week for each employee. For example, someone who works 4 days a week is entitled to a minimum of 16 days' annual leave, while someone who works 6 days a week is entitled to a minimum of 24 days' annual leave. In practice, a five-day working week is most common, which means a minimum of 20 days' annual leave.
What are the additional days of leave under the Employment Relations Act?
Night workers are also entitled to additional leave, but the number of days depends on the collective agreement or employment contract.
The worker does not have an employment contract for the whole calendar year. To how much annual leave is he entitled?
If the worker and the employer do not have a employment relationship for the whole calendar year, the worker is entitled to a proportionate amount of leave for each month of work completed. To give an example - if a worker has a 6-month employment contract and is entitled to 20 days' annual leave per year - the worker is entitled to 6/12 days' leave (i.e. half in our case), which is 10 days.
Does the worker really have to take two weeks of leave in a consecutive period?
Annual leave can be taken in several parts, but one part must be at least two weeks long.
Note that a worker with a school-age child is entitled to take one week's annual leave during the school holidays.
Can a worker carry over annual leave from the previous year and until when must he use it?
The employee is obliged to use the annual leave in the current year and the employer is obliged to allow the employee to do so. Only with the agreement of the employer may the employee carry over annual leave into the following calendar year - but be noted that untaken leave must be taken by no later than 30 June; if the employee does not use the annual leave within this period, it will be forfeited. Only in cases of absence due to sickness or injury, maternity leave or childcare leave may leave be used until 31 December.
What if the employee does not want to use the annual leave?
A waiver of the right to annual leave is invalid. An agreement between the worker and the employer to provide financial compensation for unused annual leave is also invalid, except on termination of the employment relationship.
When is a worker entitled to " exceptional leave"?
In this case, we are talking about the right to paid time off work due to personal circumstances. The Employment Relations Act lists the following reasons where the employee is entitled to paid absence from work for at least one working day by:
Do not forget to check the collective agreement that obliges the company, as the right to a longer number of days of paid absence from work may be specified at the level of the industry, and it may also specify additional reasons for absence due to personal circumstances.
Can an employer request that an employee goes on a annual leave?
According to the Employment Relations Act, an employee may only take 1 day (certain collective agreements provide for more days) at his/her own choice and must give the employer at least 3 days' notice. For all the rest days of the annual leave, the employee needs the employer's approval. This means that, as a general rule, the employer can request unilateral leave from the employee.