LED Encyclopedia

Performance characteristic
The indoor lighting is of great significance to human life. It not only enables people to eat, drink, live, entertain, and do housework normally, but also integrates the lamps and lanterns into a unity with the indoor decoration with their beautiful shapes, colors, patterns, and artistic effects, bringing a comfortable atmosphere to the family life. Like public buildings, indoor lighting is both practical and decorative. How to deal with the relationship between the two will make twice the result with half the effort.
performance
1. Energy saving: LED is a cold light source, emitting light by semiconductor, with ultra-low power (single tube 0.03~0.06 W), 150~200 lumens/W, light source life of 100000 hours, and light attenuation of 3%~7%. Semiconductor lighting itself has no pollution. Compared with incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, the power saving efficiency can reach more than 90%. Under the same brightness, the power consumption is only 1/10 of that of ordinary incandescent lamps and 1/2 of that of fluorescent tubes.
2. Health: LED is a green light source. DC drive, no stroboscopic; No infrared and ultraviolet components, no radiation pollution, high color rendering and strong luminous direction; Good dimming performance, no visual error when color temperature changes; The cold light source has low heat (below 60 ° C) and can be safely touched; These are beyond incandescent and fluorescent lamps. It can not only provide comfortable lighting space, but also meet people's physiological health needs. It is a healthy light source with vision and environmental protection.
3. LED lamps are small in size, light in weight, and encapsulated in epoxy resin. They can withstand high strength mechanical shock and vibration, and are not easy to break. The average service life is 100000 hours, and the service life of lamps can reach 5 to 10 years. XXX can reduce the maintenance cost of lamps and avoid the pain of frequent lamp changes. It can be said that once and for all
characteristic
1. Practicability of LED lighting
It shall be able to use light for indoor lighting to ensure that the lighting is hygienic, eyes, vision and light color have no abnormal psychological or physiological reaction, the lamps are firm, and the line safety switch is flexible. In a sense, the decoration of lamps is also practical, otherwise, there is no way to talk about decoration. For example, the use of lamps and lanterns to decorate the living room makes people relax physically and mentally while appreciating. This lighting effect reflects the practical value of decoration.
2. Decoration of LED lighting
First, it is ornamental, with beautiful materials, unique shapes and novel and beautiful colors; The second is coordination. The form of cloth lamps is carefully designed, coordinated with the room decoration, matched with the furniture, and the shape and material of lamps are consistent with that of furniture, which can reflect the artistic conception of the owner; The third is to highlight personality, light source and color to create a certain atmosphere according to people's needs, such as warm, calm, comfortable, and so on. Highlight the particularity of the owner's requirements for lighting, reflecting different personalities. On the premise of using light, give people artistic enjoyment of beauty, which is the unity of practicality and decoration of lighting; For each piece of lighting, there is a focus on lighting, there is a focus on decoration, and there is a combination of both. When selecting, the characteristics of different personnel, different uses and interior decoration requirements shall be considered comprehensively.
Principle comparison
The working field of the incandescent lamp is that the current flows through the filament and the incandescent lamp emits continuous visible light and infrared light through the thermal effect of the current. Due to the high filament temperature during operation, 80% of the energy is wasted in the form of infrared radiation due to heat, 12~24 lumens/watt. Due to the high filament temperature and rapid evaporation, the service life is greatly reduced, about 1000 hours. Although incandescent lamps are quick in response, they are inefficient, high in power consumption, short in life and easy to break.
The fluorescent lamp mainly heats the filament of the lamp tube through the ballast. At about 1160K, the filament starts to emit electrons (because some electronic powder is coated on the filament). It operates on the principle of gas discharge and emits 253.7nm ultraviolet light, which excites the phosphor to emit light. 50~70 lumens/watt, light source life 5000-10000 hours, light attenuation 10~20%.
Installation Details
1、 Pay attention to the arrangement of the external lines of various devices to prevent incorrect polarity installation. The device shall not be too close to the heating element, and the working conditions shall not exceed its limit.
2、 Do not install the LED when the pin is deformed.
3、 When it is decided to install in the hole, calculate the size and tolerance of the hole pitch on the hole and wire board to avoid excessive pressure on the support.
4、 When installing the LED lamp, use the guide sleeve for positioning.
5、 When installing LED lighting, pay special attention to connecting the live wire and the neutral wire.
6、 As the LED lamp is powered by low-voltage DC, if it has power supply, it can be directly installed. If it does not have power supply, it needs to be connected to a power output port. Of course, most LED lighting fixtures have their own power supply, so they are installed directly like ordinary lamps. It is particularly important to note that LED lamps have their own power supply, so when using LED lamps, the traditional starter and rectifier should be removed. These two are useless.
Manufacturing standards
China's national standards lag behind, but the country provides product qualification tests. The price of LED lighting with international safety certification (such as GS, CE, UL, etc.) and national product quality certificate is higher, because these products are reliable in safety design. Consumers should pay attention to the identification of certificates. By 2012, few manufacturers had international safety certification and national product certificate.
LED national standard:
GB/T 23595.1-2009 Test Methods of Rare Earth Fluorescent Powder for White LED Lamps Part 1: Determination of Spectral Properties
GB/T 23595.2-2009 Test Methods of Rare Earth Fluorescent Powder for White LED Lamps Part 2: Determination of Relative Brightness
GB/T 23595.3-2009 Test Methods of Rare Earth Fluorescent Powder for White LED Lamps Part 3: Determination of Chromaticity Coordinates
GB/T 23595.4-2009 Test Methods of Rare Earth Fluorescent Powder for White LED Lamps Part 4: Determination of Thermal Stability
GB/T 23,595.5-2009 Test Methods of Rare Earth Fluorescent Powder for White LED Lamps Part 5: Determination of pH
GB/T 23595.6-2009 Test Methods of Rare Earth Fluorescent Powder for White LED Lamps Part 6: Determination of Electrical Conductivity
GB 23826-2009 High speed public LED variable speed limit sign
GB/T 23828-2009 High speed public LED variable information signs
GB 19651.3-2008 Miscellaneous Lampholders - Part 2-2: Particular Requirements for Connectors for LED Modules
GB 24819-2009 Safety Requirements for LED Modules for General Lighting LED
GB/T 24823-2009 Performance Requirements for LED Modules for General Lighting
GB/T 24824-2009 Test Methods for LED Modules for General Lighting
GB/T 24,825-2009 Performance Requirements for DC or AC Electronic Control Devices for LED Modules
GB/T 24826-2009 Terms and Definitions of LEDs and LED Modules for General Lighting
GB/T 23595.7-2010 Test Methods of Rare Earth Fluorescent Powder for White LED Lamps Part 7: Determination of Thermal Quenching
GB/T 24909-2010 LED Lamps for Decorative Lighting
GB 25991-2010 Automotive LED Headlamps
GB 24906-2010 Safety Requirements for Self ballasted LED Lamps above 50V for General Lighting
GB/T 24907-2010 LED Lamps for Channel Lighting Performance Requirements
GB/T 24908-2010 Performance Requirements for Self ballasted LED Lamps for General Lighting
GB/T 24982-2010 Rare Earth Phosphors for White LED Lamps
GB 19510.14-2009 Lamp Control Devices Part 14: Particular Requirements for DC or AC Electronic Control Devices for LED Modules
application prospect 
At present, the market for lamps and lanterns is extremely rich in varieties, shapes and performances. The beauty of lamps and lanterns is very important. The lamps and lanterns with beautiful color and good shape can bring people a sense of pleasure. As the lighting fixture is an organic component of the whole room decoration, its style, material and illumination should be unified with the indoor function and decorative style, and the lighting fixture should be selected according to this principle. Its ultimate goal is to make all kinds of light receiving objects around the lamp evenly distributed, so that people can play a good role in visual function. Because people's vision is not fixed, it often goes from one to the other. If the brightness distribution of the interior decoration lighting fixture is too large, it may bring a brilliant sense of brightness in a short time and cause visual fatigue in a long time. Therefore, according to the function of each part of the room, we should scientifically choose and buy the photo.
With the further maturity of LED technology, the luminous efficiency has reached 75~100 lumens/watt, and the actual service life exceeds 50000 hours. In the 21st century, the design of bedroom lamps will be based on LED lighting design as the mainstream, and fully reflect the energy-saving, healthy, artistic and humanized lighting development trend, becoming the dominant lighting culture in the bedroom. In the new century, LED light bulb will surely change everyone's living room and life, and become a great change in the development and design of lamps and lanterns. The disadvantage of LED is its high cost. Obviously, as long as the cost of LED lamps decreases with the continuous improvement of LED technology, energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamps will inevitably be replaced by LED lamps. The state pays more and more attention to energy conservation and environmental protection of lighting, and has vigorously promoted the use of LED lamps. In particular, LED lamps are the first choice for lamp projects, which shows the momentum of replacing energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamps with LED lamps.
Configuration Selection
The arrangement of lighting fixtures in the living room should be conducive to creating a stable, generous, warm and warm environment, making guests feel at home. Generally, a single head or multi head pendant lamp can be installed in the center of the room as the main lamp. If there are calligraphy and painting on the back wall of the sofa, two wall lamps of appropriate size can be installed on both sides of the calligraphy and painting, and a floor lamp can be placed beside the sofa. The arrangement of such lamps is stable and generous, and the light source can be selected according to different needs. The lamps can be put on for the first time, and the whole room can be bright, or the single lamp can be put on alone, which can make people talk about the past.
The study is a place for family work and study, which requires high illumination. Local lighting lamps can be used for general work and study lighting, and incandescent lamps with large power are preferred. The lighting of the main body can be either single fork pendant lamp or fluorescent lamp, which may not be in the center, but can be determined according to the specific indoor conditions. The shape and style of the lamps should not be too gorgeous. It is better to be elegant and meaningful, creating a quiet and quiet comfort for people to read.
The simple bedroom is a place for people to sleep and rest. It should give people a sense of quiet and leisure, and avoid dazzling light and dazzling lamps and lanterns. A hanging main lamp can be properly installed in the room, and a bedside wall lamp can be installed at the bedside. If the bedroom is used for multiple purposes, a ceiling fluorescent lamp can be installed in the center of the room, and two wall lamps can be installed in the key places where the illumination needs to be increased. These lamps are controlled separately with switches to meet different needs.
The dining room is the place where people eat, and the table requires horizontal illumination, so it is better to choose lamps with strong downward direct radiation or pull down type lamps, so that the pull down height is 600-700mm above the table, and the lamps are generally directly above the table. To increase appetite, incandescent lamps with a capacity of more than 60W are used. Sometimes the restaurant also has other functions, so it needs to have multiple sockets to serve as the power supply for table lamps and floor lamps.
The kitchen is a place for cooking and washing tableware. It is generally small in size. Most of them use general lighting on the ceiling, with a capacity of 25-40 watts. The modern kitchen is equipped with a range hood above the stove, which generally has a light of 25-40 watts, making the illumination above the stove greatly improved. Modern kitchens also have many cabinets above the cooking ranges for cutting vegetables and preparing meals. Local lighting can be added under these cabinets to increase the illumination of the operating console.
Bright and soft lamps shall be used in the toilet. The lamps shall be moisture-proof and not easy to rust. The light source shall be incandescent lamps with high color rendering index. When wall lamps are used, they should be installed on the wall perpendicular to the curtain to avoid shadows reflected on the window. When using ceiling lamp, avoid installing it in the bathtub with direct steam. The power of wall lamp or ceiling lamp should be 40-60 watts.
Design
The appearance of LED has broken the traditional design method and thought of light source. At present, there are two new designs.
1. Scene lighting: lamps shall be designed according to the requirements of. The scene lighting takes the place as the starting point, aiming to create a beautiful and gorgeous light to set off the scene effect and make people feel the scene atmosphere.
2. Emotional lighting: lamps are designed according to people's needs. Emotional lighting takes human emotion as the starting point, and creates an artistic lighting from the perspective of human.
With the rapid development of technology, LED has changed from a simple lamp to a highly meaningful energy-saving lighting. But like many emerging technologies, LED still faces many problems. The nonstandard market has led to the impact of low price and low-quality products on the market and the continuous occurrence of claims and disputes. These problems will affect the manufacturer's sincere efforts in focusing on quality. When communicating with anyone in the LED industry, 50000 hours will inevitably be mentioned. Under ideal conditions, the average service life of packaged LED can reach 50000 hours. Of course, both design and design will reduce the service life of LED. If properly cooled, the use time of the unfinished LED is twice that of the linear fluorescent lamp, 5 times that of the compact fluorescent lamp and 50 times that of the incandescent lamp. Long service time means that the frequency of replacing and disposing burnt LED xxx is reduced, and the amount of garbage is also reduced. This is one of the reasons why LED has become the first choice for sustainable lighting development. The second important reason is that LEDs do not contain mercury like fluorescent lamps and are not afraid of breaking, so they are very friendly.
Market quotation
1. For a long time, the use of LED is limited to decoration and special display. The breakthrough of LED technology in lighting application took place in 2010 (called the first year of LED in the industry), while at this time, the application of traditional fluorescent lamps is still in the promotion process of replacing incandescent bulbs at home and abroad. There is a huge blank market for LED decoration and lighting applications. Energy conservation, emission reduction and low carbon are the trend of the times; Rare earth energy is exploited as a strategic energy, and the price of fluorescent lamps rises due to the consumption of mercury and other rare earths.
2. LED lamps are widely used for decoration, lighting and other purposes.
3. Due to the influence of rare earth resource situation, high technology added value and various shortcomings, light sources more advanced than LED will not be able to enter the general lighting decoration application for a long time.
4. LED production and sales competitors are basically on the same running line. The reason is that the most basic material combination of LED lamps is: lamp beads, driving power supply and housing. Among them, the lamp bead technology center is in the chip. The research, development and production of LED lamp bead chips in the world are concentrated in a few enterprises. The driving power supply technology stays on the layout and deployment of electrical components, which can be imitateds