Le Corbusier’s Legacy

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The sprawling structures of Chandigarh, the ‘museum of unlimited growth’ and the Villa Shodhan - these landmarks share a distinct architectural DNA, a legacy left behind by the visionary Swiss-French architect, Le Corbusier. His influence on Indian architecture, though not without its debates, remains undeniable. Today I’ll recollect the life and principles of this architectural giant whose philosophy continues to shape Indian cities.

Master of Modernism

Born Charles-Edouard Jeanneret in 1887, Le Corbusier rose to prominence as a champion of the Modernist movement. He believed in clean lines, functional design, and the integration of buildings with their surrounding environment. His "Five Points of Architecture" became a blueprint for modern architecture:

• Pilotis (elevated buildings): Lifting buildings on pillars allowed for more open space at ground level and better integration with the surroundings.
• Free plan: Walls were no longer load-bearing, allowing for flexible and open floor plans.
• Free facade: The facade became independent of the structural system, enabling the creative use of materials and windows.
• Ribbon window: Horizontal windows brought in natural light and offered a connection to the outdoors.
• Roof garden: Le Corbusier envisioned rooftops as usable green spaces, a concept now gaining renewed interest with a focus on sustainability.

Projecting the principles

Le Corbusier's most significant contribution to India is undoubtedly the city of Chandigarh.? Planned after India's independence, Chandigarh was envisioned as a symbol of a new nation. Le Corbusier divided the city into sectors dedicated to specific functions - commerce, administration, and recreation; creating a well-planned and efficient urban space. The Capitol Complex, with its imposing High Court and Assembly buildings, embodies his modernist principles, showcasing the union of form and function.

Beyond Chandigarh

Chandigarh wasn't Le Corbusier's only project in India. Although eclipsed by Chandigarh, he left his mark on Ahmedabad as well, designing the iconic Sanskar Kendra cultural centre, a multi-purpose venue exemplifying his use of light and geometric forms and the Villa Shodhan, a private residence, demonstrating his ability to adapt to the Indian context. The designs incorporated local materials and took climatic considerations into account, showcasing thoughtful ventilation and light control.

Debate of identity

Le Corbusier's influence has sparked discussions about the relationship between modern architecture and the ‘Indian identity’. Critics argue that his stark, geometric forms fail to capture the rich cultural heritage of Indian architecture. Challenges faced by residents living in high-density, concrete jungles planned according to modernist principles also dent Corbusier’s record.

Despite the criticisms, Le Corbusier's legacy endures and continues to inspire architects today. Throughout his works, Corbusier laid emphasis on three major things:

• Open spaces
• Well-defined functions
• Efficient layouts

The key takeaway then is to not blindly copy his style but to understand and adapt his principles to create architecture that is both functional and culturally relevant.

Enduring influence

As Indian cities grapple with rapid urbanisation, Le Corbusier's emphasis on well-planned urban spaces will remain crucial. Architects are now looking at ways to integrate his ideas with sustainable practices and a sensitivity to the local context. Imagine green spaces incorporated into Le Corbusier's roof gardens, or energy-efficient materials replacing the concrete in his designs.

Le Corbusier's enduring legacy lies in his ability to spark conversations. He challenged traditional notions of architecture and pushed the boundaries of design. If anything needs to be a takeaway from him then it has to be that. His work in India serves as a reminder of the importance of thoughtful planning, functional design, and the need to create cities that are not just efficient, but also liveable.