ON "LAMDA TERM" IN EINSTEIN'S FIELD EQUATIONS (Ref: page 5 of book"Fashion,Faith and Fantasy" by Roger Penrose[ISBN:978-0-691-11979-3(alk.paper)]

There is just one minor,and still very simple,modification of the Einstein field equation that can be made,which leaves the essential requirements of the scheme intact,namely the inclusion of a constant number LAMDA,referred to as the cosmological constant(which Einstein introduced in 1917 for reasons that he later discarded)so that Einstein's Equations with LAMDA now become G=8(Pai)(gamma)T+LAMDA(g).The quantity LAMDA is now frequently referred to as DARK ENERGY, presumably to allow for a possibility of generalizing Einstein's theory so that LAMDA might vary............Indeed,relatively recent observations point strongly to the actual physical physical presence of LAMDA having a tiny(apparently constant) POSITIVE VALUE. This evidence for LAMDA GREATER THAN ZERO-or possibly for some more general form of "DARK ENERGY "-is now very impressive, and has been growing since the initial observations of Perlmutter et al.[1999],Rises etc al.[1998],and their collaborators, leading to the award of the2011 Nobel Prize to Saul Perlmutter,Brain P.Schmidt,and Adam G.Riess.This LAMDA GREATER THAN ZERO has immediate relevance only to the very distant cosmological scales,and observations concerning celestial motions at a more local scale can be treated according to Einstein's original and simpler G=8(pai)(gamma)T. This equation is now found to have an unprecedented precision in modelling the behavior,under gravity,of celestial bodies ,the observed LAMDA VALUE having no significant impact on such local dynamics.

"SUDHAKARAN-SIVARAM THEORY OF THE UNIVERSE "PUBLISHED BY AMAZON, is the edited version of the paper gr-qc/0106029:COSMIC REPULSION IN PRESENCE OF MATTER. The Tensor Sij INTRODUCED BY THE AUTHOR INTO EINSTEIN'S FIELD EQUATIONS, IS THE GENERALIZATION OF "LAMDA TERM "INTRODUCED BY EINSTEIN .THE TENSOR Sij IS THE ENERGY MOMENTUM TENSOR OF DARK ENERGY CAUSING THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE.THE AUTHOR DID HAVE DETAILED DISCUSSIONS WITH HONORABLE PROFESSORS JIM PEEBLES AND GFR.ELLIS ON THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF Sij DURING THE ICGC-95 CONFERENCE ORGANIZED BY IUCAA, PUNE. THEY ASKED THE AUTHOR TO PROVE THE MATHEMATICAL UNIQUENESS OF THE TENSOR Sij. WHILE THE AUTHOR WAS ORALLY PRESENTING THE PAPER"NON-GRAVITATIONAL APPROACH TO COSMOLOGICAL SINGULARITY "WHICH IS ENTIRELY DIFFERENT VERSION OF "COSMIC REPULSION IN PRESENCE OF MATTER ":(gr-qc/0106029).{CRITICAL COMMENTS}