Lachance Nutrition ｜The nutritional value of rice bran meal and its application in poultry production

After entering the 21st century, the speed of animal husbandry development, the demand for feed gradually increased. Yang Zaibin et al. (2008) pointed out that China's current production of feed raw materials can meet only about 30% of the actual demand of livestock and poultry, feed raw materials shortage problem is increasing. With the rising price of feed raw materials and the increasing cost of animal husbandry, it is one of the effective measures in the development of China's feed industry to develop low-cost and good-quality feed raw materials.

Rice bran meal is the product of rice bran after extraction and degreasing treatment. Rice bran is the by-product of rice processing. It is the mixture of rice germ and crushed rice that is ground down in the process of brown rice whitening. The fresh rice bran is yellow, there is rich nutritional value of rice flavor. Among them, 15% ~ 20% oil contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, phospholipids and so on, which also contains a lot of protein, vitamins and minerals. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2008, the annual yield of rice in China was 190 million tons. Using rice meal as feed material is one of the important measures to alleviate the shortage of feed resources.

Rice bran meal production technology

As the fat in fresh rice bran is mainly in the form of unsaturated fat, it is prone to oxidative rancidity and contains trypsin inhibitor (TI). At the same time, rice bran contains a large amount of trypsin when fed to monogastric animals, in addition, the activity of lipase in rice bran is high, and long-term storage is easy to cause fat deterioration, and improper storage is easy to infect Aspergillus flavus, the influence of feed quality will cause some harm to animals. Through heat expansion and oil extraction, rice bran can retain its nutritional properties, inactivate anti-nutritional factors, prolong its shelf life, and increase its digestibility and absorption. At present, defatted rice bran meal is the main form of rice bran additive in the feed ingredient market.

Nutritional value of rice bran flour

After defatting and high-temperature extrusion of rice bran, the quality of protein and fatty acids was improved and the content of some anti-nutritional factors was reduced. Using defatted rice bran meal instead of husk or part of maize in feed not only improves feed utilization but is also a beneficial supplement to protein feed. Defatted rice bran meal is high in protein, has a good amino acid balance, and is rich in a variety of vitamins and minerals. The comparison of nutritional components between rice bran meal and some diets is shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows that defatted rice bran meal is rich in nutrients, its dry matter content is equal to that of soybean meal and wheat and 1% higher than that of corn, the crude protein content is 7% higher than that of corn, the content of calcium and phosphorus is 6 ~ 7 times higher than that of corn, The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and SE were much higher than those of corn, and the contents of Fe, Mn, Zn and SE were much higher than those of soybean meal, and the contents of major amino acids were much higher than those of corn and wheat bran.

Application of rice bran meal in animal feed

Rice bran meal is widely used in the feed industry. It can be used as a main feed and various additives can be compounded to make a full-price feed. It is also an ideal raw material for feed manufacturing. B vitamins, manganese, and other micronutrients needed by animals can be supplemented by defatted rice bran meal. It can replace maize by 10% to 20%, but the dosage varies from animal to animal. It is necessary to add an enzyme preparation to the feed as it contains anti-nutritional factors. Enzyme preparation can reduce the viscosity of chaff by degrading anti-nutritional factors such as xylan in rice bran feed, improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients in feed, can further improve the utilization of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and other mineral elements.

In general, the amount of rice bran in the diet of broilers should not be too high, while the tolerance of laying hens to rice bran is higher than that of broilers. Due to the high content of linolenic acid in rice bran, egg weights of laying hens fed diets containing defatted bran tended to increase. Compared with laying hens, ducks had a higher tolerance to rice bran. Higher levels of rice bran had little effect on duck performance.

Unlike monogastric animals, defatted rice bran is not only palatable to ruminants but also provides high-quality fiber. As a result, rice bran is an economically viable and nutritionally valuable feedstuff for ruminants.

For a long time, rice bran has only been used as a feed raw material in a few areas, and the nutritional value and resource efficiency of rice bran has not been fully developed, resulting in a large amount of waste. Rice bran meal is a kind of better energy feed, and its anti-nutritional factors can be weakened by adding enzyme preparation and organic phosphorus, etc. Thus, the nutritional value of rice bran meal can be improved.

Adding bile acids to feeds containing rice bran meal can help stabilize the nutritional content of the rice bran meal, while reducing the amount of soybean meal added, helping to reduce feed costs and stabilize feed quality.