Kubernetes (K8s) Install and Configure on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (1 Master and 1 Worker)

Chirag's Technology Tutorial

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Kubernetes (K8s) Install and Configure on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (1 Master and 1 Worker)

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YouTube Video:

To install and configure Kubernetes on your system, follow the steps below for setting up both the master and worker nodes:

Prerequisites:

Master Node IP: 192.168.224.131
Worker Node IP: 192.168.224.132        

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS installed on both nodes

Both nodes should be able to communicate with each other (ensure no firewalls block the ports used by Kubernetes)

Step 1:?Install Docker (On Both Nodes)?(192.168.224.131 and 192.168.224.132)

Kubernetes requires a container runtime; Docker is commonly used.

sudo apt update
        

sudo apt install -y docker.io
        

sudo systemctl enable docker
        

sudo systemctl start docker        

Verify that Docker is installed correctly.

sudo docker --version        

Output:

Docker version 24.0.7, build 24.0.7-0ubuntu4        

Step 2: Configure Docker Cgroup Driver (On Both Nodes)?(192.168.224.131 and 192.168.224.132)

Ensure Docker uses systemd as the cgroup driver to align with Kubernetes requirements.

Create or edit Docker daemon configuration:

sudo nano /etc/docker/daemon.json        

Add the following content:

{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}        

Restart Docker:

sudo systemctl restart docker        

Step 3:?Install Kubernetes Packages (On Both Nodes)?(192.168.224.131?and 192.168.224.132)

Install the Kubernetes components: kubeadm, kubelet, and kubectl on all nodes.

Add the Kubernetes APT repository:

echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list        

curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg        

Note: Replace v1.31 with latest version. Check the official release page.

Install the Kubernetes components:

sudo apt update        

sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl        

Hold the packages at their current version to prevent automatic upgrades:

sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl        

Step 4: Disable Swap all Nodes (192.168.224.131?and 192.168.224.132)

Kubernetes requires swap to be disabled. Disable swap on all nodes.

sudo swapoff -a        

sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab        

Step 5: Initialize the Master Node (192.168.224.131)

On the master node, initialize the Kubernetes cluster with kubeadm.

sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16        

After initialization, you'll see a join command. Copy this command as it will be used to join worker nodes to the cluster.

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

Copy the last command starts with kubeadm join, we need to join worker nodes. This command need to run in worker nodes.

Step 6: Configure kubectl for the Master Node (192.168.224.131)

Set up the kubeconfig file for the root user on the master node.

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
        

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
        

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config        

Verify the cluster status.

kubectl get nodes        

Output:

NAME   STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
svr1   NotReady   control-plane   91s   v1.31.2        

Step 7: Install a Pod Network Add-on on Master node (192.168.224.131)

Install a pod network so that your pods can communicate with each other. We'll use Flannel for this example.

kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
        

Verify that all nodes are up and running.

kubectl get nodes        

Output:

NAME     STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
svr1   NotReady   control-plane   4m24s   v1.31.2        

Step 8: Join Worker Nodes to the Cluster Worker Node?(192.168.224.132)

On each worker node, use the join command obtained from the master node initialization step. The command will look something like this:

kubeadm join 192.168.224.131:6443 --token 3w1bxq.08805jfg131q0v4o \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:20a4ab2ebaf6ae686c95e35c2790d78e4be2173f008b07606f09ab6afc73b2d1        

Verify that the nodes have joined the cluster. Execute following command in master node.

kubectl get nodes        

Output:

NAME     STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
svr1     Ready      control-plane   2m10s   v1.31.2
svr2     NotReady   <none>          12s     v1.31.2        

Step 9: (Optional) Configure kubectl for a Non-Root User

If you want to configure kubectl for a non-root user, run the following commands:

sudo -i
mkdir -p /home/<your-username>/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /home/<your-username>/.kube/config
chown <your-username>:<your-username> /home/<your-username>/.kube/config
exit        

Step 10: Deploy a Test Application?on Master node (192.168.224.131)

Deploy a simple Nginx application to verify that your Kubernetes cluster is working correctly.

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx        

kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort        

(Optional) Disable the firewall or add ports in firewall

In this step, we can disable the firewall for temporary or we can add the node port and Nginx ports in firewall

Get the NodePort assigned to the Nginx service.

kubectl get svc        

Output:

NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        3m24s
nginx        NodePort    10.109.206.194   <none>        80:30120/TCP   6s        

You should be able to access the Nginx application by visiting?

https://<node-ip>:<node-port> in your web browser.        

https://192.168.224.131:30120        

Note: Replace <node-ip> with your worker node and you can get the <node-port>. In the previous command output, the node port is 30120.

Check in console:?

root@svr1:/home/dept# curl https://10.97.237.27
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a >nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a >nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
root@svr1:/home/dept#        

Conclusion

We've explored the installation and configuration of Kubernetes (K8s) on Ubuntu 24.04. With this foundation, you can scale your cluster by adding more worker nodes, deploy more sophisticated applications, and dive into the rich ecosystem of Kubernetes tools and extensions. For production environments, consider implementing high availability, persistent storage, and other best practices to ensure a robust and resilient Kubernetes setup.

For any doubts and query, please write on YouTube video comments section.

Note : Flow the Process shown in video.

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Thanks & Regards,

Chitt Ranjan Mahto "Chirag"

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