Knowledge-wise, what makes you a good back-end developer?

The separation of software systems into front and back ends simplifies development and separates maintenance. A rule of thumb is that the front (or "client") side is any component manipulated by the user. The server-side (or "back end") code resides on the server.

Basics

• Back-end code adds utility to everything the front-end designer creates.
• The back end is a combination of a database and a software written in a server-side language, which are run on web servers, cloud-based servers, or a hybrid combination of both. A network’s server set-up can vary, with the server-side workload divided up between various machines (e.g., a server dedicated to housing the database).
• This server-side application directly interacts with the database via an application programming interface (API), which pulls, saves, or changes data.
• The data are returned and converted into front-end code a user interacts with: filling out a form, creating a profile, shopping online, etc.
• In general, anything you see on a site is made possible by back-end code, which exists on, and is powered by, a server.

Advanced

Back-end developers create and maintain the entire back-end function outlined above. The back-end developer takes finished front-end code and gives it working functionality—for instance, making values in a drop-down menu possible by building the infrastructure that pulls values from the database.

Other responsibilities of the back end can include

• Database creation, integration, and management—e.g., MySQL, SQL SERVER
• Using back-end frameworks to build server-side software, like Express.js
• Web Server technologies—e.g., J2EE, Apache, Nginx (popular for static content, like images, HTML or CSS files), and IIS
• Cloud computing integration—e.g., public cloud providers like Amazon Web Services, or private cloud environments
• Server-side programming languages—like Python, Perl, PHP, Ruby, and JavaScript, when implemented with the server-side development environment, Node.js
• Operating systems: Linux- and Unix-like operating systems, MacOS X, Windows Server
• Content management system (CMS) development, deployment, and maintenance
• API integration
• Security settings and hack prevents
• Reporting—generating analytics and statistics like system reports of server load, number of visitors, geography of visitors, etc.
• Backup and restore technologies for website’s files and DB.

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Footnotes

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