Keep it brief…

Keep it brief…

You should never judge a book by its cover – but we know that people do.

When working on a manuscript I try to keep titles short and to the point. From my own experience searching through reams of references I know that titles longer than a single line are a pain. Research published recently seems to underline my own observations. Apparently you can predict the popularity of a scientific paper from the length of its title. It turns out that brevity can earn a paper more attention. Perhaps more correctly, analysis shows that articles with shorter titles tend to get cited more often than those with longer headers.

Certainly, titles are the first thing that readers see, and yet they are the aspect of your work that is given the least attention. Yes, creating a title can take you just a few seconds, but does that investment of time reflect the potential impact it could have?

Titles directly influence the number of people who end up reading your work. People use online databases to search for relevant materials. That’s why, if you want your article to appear in search results, you should ensure that its title is a good reflection of what you are reporting and that it attracts the right audience. The words you use will determine whether your audience will find your work, and when they do, whether they chose to simply overlook it or explore it further.

I first became interested in the power of titles when I was writing up my PhD. I wrote myself a list of key points to remember when creating titles. I have updated it several times over the years. We converted the list to a guide on how to write brilliant titles when Niche started publishing its Insider’s Insights a few years ago. You can still get a copy here.

There are some great short titles. For example, The Lancet published an article entitled ‘Myopia’ and another called ‘Measles’. Of my own work my favourite is “Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors: From Apple Tree to ‘Sweet Pee’”. I always thought it to be rather snappy. However, it has been cited less often than “Development and Potential Role of Type-2 Sodium-Glucose Transporter Inhibitors for Management of Type 2 Diabetes” published a year later. At the time the editor of the “Sweet Pee” article suggested that our title was “Pithy” but I reassured him that the mild humour would draw attention to the work – clearly I was wrong. Clearly anyone’s efforts to understand the factors that influence citation rates are fraught with challenges but we all want to give your work every chance of being recognised (BTW – you can get our Insider’s Insight on understanding bibliometrics here).

Not everything points to the same conclusions about brevity in titles. A 2010 study, for instance, suggests that longer titles lead to a higher citation rate, but it only reviewed a sample of 50 papers published in medical journals. A 2011 study, on the other hand, found no clear relationship between title length and citation numbers. It reviewed 2172 papers published in PLOS journals. Check out the Insider’s Insights then decide.


Dr Tim Hardman is Managing Director of Niche Science & Technology Ltd., a bespoke services CRO based in the UK. He is also Chairman of the Association of Human Pharmacology in the Pharmaceutical Industry and an occasional commentator on science, business and the process of drug development.

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