Just in Time (JIT)

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What Is Just in Time (JIT)?

The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules. Companies use this inventory strategy to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they need them for the production process, which reduces inventory costs. This method requires producers to forecast demand accurately.

The JIT inventory system contrasts with just-in-case strategies, wherein producers hold sufficient inventories to have enough products to absorb maximum market demand.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that minimizes inventory and increases efficiency.
• Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is also known as the Toyota Production System (TPS) because the car manufacturer Toyota adopted the system in the 1970s.
• Kanban is a scheduling system often used in conjunction with JIT to avoid overcapacity of work in process.
• The success of the JIT production process relies on steady production, high-quality workmanship, no machine breakdowns, and reliable suppliers.

 Understanding Just in Time (JIT)

One example of a JIT inventory system is a car manufacturer that operates with low inventory levels relying on its supply chain to deliver the parts it needs to build cars. The manufacturer orders the parts required to assemble the cars only when an order is received.

 JIT production systems cut inventory costs because manufacturers do not have to pay storage costs. Manufacturers are also not left with unwanted inventory if an order is cancelled or not fulfilled.

Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory System Advantages

JIT inventory systems have several advantages over traditional models. Production runs are short, which means that manufacturers can quickly move from one product to another. This method reduces costs by minimizing warehouse needs. Companies also spend less money on raw materials because they buy just enough resources to make the ordered products and no more.

Disadvantages of the Just-in-Time System

The disadvantages of JIT inventory systems involve disruptions in the supply chain. If a raw materials supplier has a breakdown and cannot deliver the goods on time, that supplier can shut down the entire production process. A sudden unexpected order for goods may delay the delivery of finished products to clients.

Special Considerations:

Kanban Scheduling for Just in Time (JIT)

Kanban (signboard or billboard in Japanese) is a scheduling system often used in conjunction with lean manufacturing and JIT. Taiichi Ohno, an Industrial Engineer at Toyota, developed Kanban to improve manufacturing efficiency. The system highlights problem areas by measuring lead and cycle time across the production process. The process identifies upper limits for work in process inventory to avoid overcapacity.

Example of Just in Time

Toyota is famous for its implementation of a JIT inventory system. Toyota orders parts only when it receives new orders from customers. The company started this method in the 1970s, and it took over 15 years to perfect. Several elements of JIT manufacturing need to occur for Toyota to succeed. The company must have steady production, high-quality workmanship, no machine breakdowns at the plant, reliable suppliers, and quick ways to assemble machines that assemble the vehicles.

The terms short-cycle manufacturing, used by Motorola, and continuous-flow manufacturing, used by IBM, are synonymous with the JIT system.

S. VELMURUGAN, LEATHER DPROFESSIONAL CONSULTANT, a2z Leather Professional Consultancy, Pondicherry.

Doing my Professional expertise for 7 Companies with 100% export orientated covering 4 states in India.

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