JACS, Why? IPv4 Exhaustion
IPv4 Exhaustion
Address exhaustion is the depletion of the pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses. Because there are fewer than 4.3 billion addresses available, depletion has been anticipated since the late 1980s, when the Internet started to experience dramatic growth. This depletion is one of the reasons for the development and deployment other alternatives solutions, like IPv6.
The main market forces that accelerated IPv4 address depletion included the rapidly growing number of Internet users, always-on devices, mobile devices and recently the Internet of Things (IoT).
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) created the Routing and Addressing Group (ROAD) in November 1991 to respond to the scalability problem caused by the classful network allocation system in place at the time. The anticipated shortage has been the driving factor in creating and adopting several new technologies, including NAT, CIDR in 1993, and IPv6 in 1998.
IPv6, the successor technology to IPv4 which was designed to address this problem, supports approximately 3.4×1038 network addresses.
Although as of 2008 the predicted depletion was already approaching its final stages, most providers of Internet services and software vendors were just beginning IPv6 deployment at that time.
The top-level exhaustion occurred on 31 January 2011. Four of the five RIRs have exhausted allocation of all the blocks they have not reserved for IPv6 transition; this occurred on 15 April 2011 for the APNIC, Asia-Pacific, on 14 September 2012 for RIPE NCC, Europe, Middle East and Central Asia, on 10 June 2014 for LACNIC, Latin America and the Caribbean, and on 24 September 2015 for ARIN North America.
Individual ISPs still had unassigned pools of IP addresses, and could recycle addresses no longer needed by their subscribers. Each exhausted its pool of available addresses at different times.
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