Intriguing Quantum #3

[May 1 2024]

Welcome to the third issue of the Intriguing Quantum newsletter! IQ newsletter is curated by Oliver Rochford and Daniella Pontes, CISSP , and summarized using AI. Join us in scanning the horizon for the beginning of the Quantum Age.

Also check out Oliver Rochford's The Curious AI Newsletter .

Key Takeaways

How Close Are We to Commercial Quantum Computers?

We need a lot of engineering work in addition to further basic scientific research. That’s from the technical side, but when we want to move toward the market, we need a great deal of engagement and for startups to thrive.

Tommaso Calarco, director of the Institute for Quantum Control at Forschungszentrum Jülich

An interesting article in EE Times Europe discusses how close we are to commercial quantum computers. This question also catalyzed the IQ newsletter. When we review the Time to Impact for the news we curate, "Mid-Term" — two to five years— is a common assessment, which may seem realistic. However, considering AI as an example, nearly two years after the release of ChatGPT, the tech industry is still developing the supply chain, as seen in the Curious AI 24 .

We estimate it will take at least 7-10 years to develop the prerequisites for a quantum-based industry supported by a hybrid classic-quantum model that drives viable proof of concept development. However, as the article points out, quantum sensing could be an earlier game-changer for the industry by transforming Achilles' heel of quantum — sensitivity to the environment — into great opportunities.

Quantum Breakthrough for New Scalable Architecture

Recent advancements in error correction are propelling us towards fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). A new architecture that uses quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes and reconfigurable atom arrays significantly reduces the number of qubits required, a crucial step in scaling quantum computing. Alongside, quantum networking and memory are rapidly advancing, edging us closer to realizing a quantum internet. Breakthroughs such as the successful creation, storage, and retrieval of quantum data and a new programmable quantum memory that stores optical qubits are vital for quantum repeaters and networked computing. These developments signal a significant leap towards long-distance quantum communication, pulling the quantum internet up into the horizon.

Quantum Leap for LIDAR

Quantum sensing technologies are not only driving advancements but also fueling optimism for early practical applications. Quantum Computing, Inc.’s underwater LiDAR prototype showcases quantum technology for real-world applications. At Hannover Messe 2024, April 22-26, Q.Ant unveiled a tiny quantum magnetic field sensor that significantly improves interactions between prosthetic devices and human bioelectrical signals. Significantly improving the quality of life of people with special needs, but also hinting at a future where quantum technology could effectively 'listen' to our thoughts — bringing the old warning to 'be careful what you wish for' into startling reality.?

Pragmatic Quantum

On the journey towards quantum advantage, we encounter jewels—pragmatic solutions for both longstanding and novel challenges. Quantum chemistry combined with AI powering the discovery of molecules capable of purifying drinking water using sunlight, offering affordable solutions especially beneficial to vulnerable populations. Meanwhile, researchers in Japan have achieved a breakthrough by developing a qubit that operates at room temperature , significantly reducing the need for cryogenic conditions. This advancement paves the way for more accessible quantum solutions.

Nations vying to become ‘Quantum Valley ‘

Nations are vying to create ideal 'quantum valley' conditions, focusing on dense expertise and robust research infrastructure. Denmark aims to become the quantum hub in Europe, counting on strategic NATO's investments to tip the scale against other contenders. Meanwhile, Japan leverages its extensive tech and research sectors as a strategic partner to "quantum valley builders." Significant investments like the European Commission 's €112 million and Australia 's $940 million in PsiQuantum underscore a strong public commitment to nurturing domestic quantum advancements.

Quantum Fun

Often viewed as daunting, quantum physics transforms into an accessible playground through engaging initiatives that offer a glimpse into this strange world. The first-ever image of quantum waves ignites curiosity and draws us closer to the universe's enigmatic mechanics. The first quantum-themed escape room in Germany, the Kitty Q Escape Room , employs gamification to make these complex concepts enjoyable for all ages. By showcasing the captivating beauty of quantum phenomena, fun is an engagement catalyst!

Quantum Computing

Focus on quality and error correction towards FTQC

Riverlane's Steve Brierley Highlights Quantum Error Correction as Key to Advancing Quantum Computing

James Dargan | The Quantum Insider | Link

Summary Steve Brierley, CEO of Riverlane, emphasizes the importance of quantum error correction for the advancement of quantum computing. Riverlane has secured patents and significant UK funding to enhance quantum applications, such as modeling jet engine airflow. Brierley discusses the challenges of qubit fragility and noise, highlighting the necessity of millions of error-free operations for practical quantum computing. He compares quantum error correction to classical computing, predicting significant improvements within three years. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

New System Boosts Efficiency of Quantum Error Correction

Nature Physics | Link

Summary: Researchers at the University of Chicago have developed a new architecture for quantum computers that enhances error correction efficiency. Utilizing quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes and reconfigurable atom arrays, this system significantly reduces the number of qubits needed for error correction. This breakthrough paves the way for scaling quantum computers more effectively, addressing a major challenge in the field related to the fragility of qubits and their susceptibility to environmental disturbances.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Mercari Secures Patent for Advanced Quantum Processor System

Verdict | Link

Summary: Mercari Inc has been granted a patent for a sophisticated quantum processor system designed to enhance error checking in quantum computing. This system connects multiple quantum processors to accurately manage logical quantum bits and reduce errors by allowing state swaps and error correction among processor groups. This advancement is pivotal for reliable quantum information processing, as outlined in a detailed report by GlobalData, which also discusses Mercari's strategic innovations and patenting efforts. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

How Close Are We to Commercial Quantum Computers?

Robert Huntley | EE Times Europe | Link

Summary: The transition from NISQ to commercially viable quantum computers is complex, with experts from Bloc Ventures, Fraunhofer, and the Institute of Quantum Control discussing the necessary advances in quantum mechanics and their application to real-world problems. While quantum computing is seen as transformative, achieving fault-tolerant systems remains challenging due to the need for more control over qubits and scaling. The article suggests a hybrid model combining classical and quantum computing could be essential for practical applications. Sentiment: Cautiously Optimistic | Time to Impact: Long-term

Applied Quantum

Sensing taking center stage

Quantum Technology Enables Brain Signals to Direct Prostheses, Hannover Messe 2024

Berenice Baker | IoT World Today Link

Summary: At Hannover Messe 2024, Q.Ant introduced a groundbreaking quantum magnetic field sensor that captures the body's tiny electrical signals to operate prostheses, exoskeletons, and avatars. This precise technology enhances prosthetic fitting, improves rehabilitation and diagnostics, and has potential applications in telemedicine and various industrial sectors. The sensor signifies a major advance in how devices interact with human bioelectrical activity, promising enhanced quality of life and broader technological applications. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Quantum Fiber Optics in the Brain: A New Frontier in Neuroscience and Quantum Computing

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B | Link

Summary: Researchers have discovered quantum effects in biological systems that could protect the brain from degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and enhance information processing. Utilizing quantum fiber optics-like networks of tryptophan within neurons, this study reveals how these networks handle ultraviolet light and potentially speed up brain signaling beyond traditional biochemical methods. These findings not only advance our understanding of neurological health but also attract interest from quantum computing researchers, exploring the resilience of quantum effects in biological environments.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Quantum Computing, Inc. Breaks Ground with Underwater LiDAR Prototype

Quantum Computing, Inc. | Link

Summary: Quantum Computing, Inc. (QCi) has sold its advanced quantum LiDAR prototype to Johns Hopkins University for $200,000. This prototype represents a significant advancement in underwater LiDAR technology, featuring a high resolution of 3mm and operational depths up to 30 meters. It employs single-photon detection and a green laser at 532 nm, optimized for enhanced water penetration. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Quantum Computer-Powered Pangenome Research Could Lead To Personalized Medicine, Disease Outbreak Tracking

Matt Swayne | Insider Brief Link

Summary: A groundbreaking collaboration aims to harness quantum computing for genomics, enhancing the analysis of pangenomic datasets that represent diverse human populations. Researchers from the University of Cambridge, the Wellcome Sanger Institute, and EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute are developing quantum algorithms to improve our understanding of human genetic diversity. This could lead to personalized medicine and more effective disease outbreak management by leveraging quantum mechanics to tackle complex computational tasks previously beyond the reach of classical computers. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Quantum Internet

Quantum networking and quantum memory on the way

In a global first, scientists create, store, and retrieve quantum data Ameya Paleja | Link

Summary: Scientists from UK and European universities have achieved a global first by creating, storing, and retrieving quantum data, marking a significant advancement for quantum networking. This breakthrough uses quantum dots and a memory system aided by rubidium atoms, enabling the stable transmission of quantum data over long distances—a key challenge in building a quantum internet. The technology aligns with existing fiber optic infrastructure, enhancing its readiness for integration into mainstream use. Sentiment: Strong Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Quantum Internet: Tsinghua Researchers' New Memory Framework Could Be Game-Changer

HPCwire ? Link |? Paper Link ?

Summary: Researchers at Tsinghua University have developed a new programmable quantum memory that greatly enhances quantum network capabilities. This memory can store 72 optical qubits and handle 1,000 consecutive operations, vastly improving upon previous technologies. It supports complex functions necessary for quantum repeaters and networked quantum computing, promising significant advancements in long-distance quantum communication and fully-connected quantum networks. Sentiment: Strong Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Cryogenic? Quantum

Qubits’s high-tech refrigerator in demand

The Big Quantum Chill: NIST's Breakthrough in Cryogenic Technology

NIST | Link

Summary: NIST researchers have innovated a common laboratory refrigerator, significantly enhancing its efficiency in cooling materials close to absolute zero. This new prototype, designed to reduce cooling time and energy consumption dramatically, could save 27 million watts of power annually. It's particularly crucial for quantum computing and other fields reliant on ultracold conditions, such as astronomy and superconductors. The team is collaborating with industry partners to commercialize this technology, potentially revolutionizing cryogenic applications and supporting the quantum computing boom. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Pragmatic Quantum

Solving cooling challenge

Qubits at Room-Temperature and Quantum Plastic

Sify Technology | Link

Summary: Researchers in Japan have made significant strides by creating a qubit that exhibits quantum coherence at room temperature, a first of its kind, challenging the conventional need for ultra-cold environments in quantum computing. This advancement, alongside the discovery of the non-linear Hall effect in bismuth thin films at room temperature, marks a pivotal shift towards practical quantum applications. These developments could lead to more accessible quantum technologies and enhancements in electronic devices. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid to Long-term

Quantum Valley?

Bold government moves sets the stage

The Nation-States League: UK-Japan, Denmark Solo Play, and India-Australia in Focus

Publication source | UK Goins East , Denmark Singled out, India-Australia Paired for first division

Summary: The UK eyes Japan for quantum tech opportunities, highlighting sectors like finance and chemistry. Denmark positions itself as a future quantum hub in Europe, leveraging local strengths and NATO's strategic investments. The India-Australia quantum collaboration promises advancements in defense and civilian sectors, emphasizing international cooperation for substantial technological progress.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid to Long-term

European Commission to Invest €112 Million in AI and Quantum Research And Innovation

The Quantum Insider | Link

The European Commission is set to boost AI and quantum research with an investment of €112 million under Horizon Europe's 2023-2024 work program. This initiative includes €65 million for AI projects, enhancing data use and AI model capabilities, and €40 million for advanced quantum technologies. This funding aims to ensure Europe remains at the forefront of these crucial tech fields, with specific projects like a pan-European network of quantum gravimeters.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Labor’s bold $1b bet on Aussie quantum start-up

The Australian Financial Review | Link?

Summary: Australia is investing $940 million in PsiQuantum, a Silicon Valley startup, to establish the world's first commercially viable quantum computer in Brisbane. This move, part of the Albanese government's Future Made in Australia policy, aims to bolster the local tech industry and create high-skilled jobs. Despite the challenges of quantum computing, such as the instability of qubits, PsiQuantum's approach using light instead of matter offers a promising advancement over traditional methods. The investment is expected to drive significant economic growth and technological innovation in Queensland. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

How Should Governments Balance Quantum Supremacy and National Interest?

Built In | Link

Summary: Governments face a strategic dilemma in developing quantum technology: whether to prioritize national champions or the best global solutions. Yuval Boger highlights this issue through France's approach to support domestic companies in various quantum modalities, despite potentially superior international options. This debate extends to broader themes of nationalism versus globalism in technology, where hybrid models like the UK's encourage international collaboration while boosting national capabilities. The decision between fostering local industries and embracing global excellence could define the future trajectory of national quantum programs. Sentiment: Neutral | Time to Impact: Long-term

How States Can Take a ‘Quantum’ Leap in Economic Development

Route Fifty | Link

Governments are considering quantum technology as a significant economic driver, requiring workforce education and upskilling to grasp and implement this complex technology. Quantum technology, still in its early stages compared to AI, holds potential for major advancements in computing, science, and medicine, potentially revolutionizing areas like cybersecurity and encryption. States like Colorado and Illinois are pioneering with quantum initiatives, backed by federal support through the National Quantum Initiative. Celia Merzbacher of the Quantum Economic Development Consortium emphasizes the substantial efforts needed to develop a quantum economy. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Startups and the Market

Solutions for the solution that will solve big problems

Quantum Computing Explained: PsiQuantum's Innovative Approach

Phys.org | Link

Summary: PsiQuantum is pioneering a new method using light particles to build an error-corrected quantum computer, which promises higher fidelity at room temperature. This innovation could significantly reduce the complexity and number of physical qubits needed, addressing major challenges in quantum computing. However, despite potential advancements, there are concerns about the operational costs due to the need for specialized cryogenic cooling. PsiQuantum aims to prove the feasibility of its technology, though it may face high costs similar to those encountered in the Apollo program.

Sentiment: Neutral | Time to Impact: Long-term

QUIONE: Pioneering Quantum Simulation with a Unique Quantum-Gas Microscope

Phys.org |? Link

Summary:ICFO researchers in Spain have developed QUIONE, a unique quantum-gas microscope capable of imaging individual strontium atoms. This development enhances quantum simulation capabilities by allowing detailed study of quantum behaviors such as superposition and entanglement in a controlled optical lattice. QUIONE's innovative use of strontium extends the potential of quantum computing and could lead to the discovery of new materials and phases of matter. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Making Waves: U of T Entrepreneur Uses Quantum Chemistry, AI to Purify Drinking Water

Rahul Kalvapalle | University of Toronto Link

Summary: At just 17, Diana Virgovicova modeled a molecule using quantum computing that could transform water treatment by removing pollutants using sunlight. Now studying at the University of Toronto, she has founded Xatoms, a startup dedicated to creating affordable and efficient water purification solutions, particularly for vulnerable communities. Xatoms, which won notable startup awards and is part of The Bridge accelerator program, is developing water-treatment products and collaborating internationally to make clean water accessible globally. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Quantum Leap in Business: McKinsey Forecasts $2 Trillion Impact

CFO Dive | Link

Summary: McKinsey projects quantum technology could generate $2 trillion for industries like finance and life sciences by 2035, fueled by increased government R&D investment, which surged to $932 million in 2023 from $449 million in 2019. Despite the potential, private investment in quantum startups fell by 27% in 2023, reflecting a shift towards generative AI and a perception of quantum technology as a long-term endeavor. Public funding and academic involvement are growing, suggesting a bright future for quantum applications.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Global Quantum Computing in Automotive Market Size To Exceed USD 5201 Million By 2033 | CAGR Of 45.90%

GLOBE NEWSWIRE | Link

Summary: The global quantum computing market in the automotive sector is projected to expand from USD 119 million in 2023 to USD 5201 million by 2033, with a CAGR of 45.90%. Quantum computing is enhancing automotive applications such as fuel efficiency, sensor data integration, and cybersecurity. Notable partnerships include Hyundai Motor Corporation with IonQ, and Mercedes-Benz with IBM, to advance EV battery technology and other automotive innovations. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long-term

Catalyzing Technological Transformation, Quantum Sensor Market is projected to reach USD 882.90 million by 2030

WhaTech | Link

Summary: The Quantum Sensors market is poised for significant growth, projected to rise from USD 260.2 million in 2022 to USD 882.90 million by 2030, with a CAGR of 16.2%. This surge is driven by the increased precision of quantum sensors in healthcare, navigation, and environmental monitoring, alongside growing investments in quantum technologies. The integration with quantum computing and the expansion in healthcare applications mark key trends enhancing their commercial viability and technological adoption.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Post-Quantum Cybersecurity?

Agility as marching order

Why CISOs Need To Act On Quantum-Readiness Now

Publication source | Link

Summary:? Despite the rapid progression of quantum technology and significant investments driving it from lab to production, many CISOs consider quantum readiness a lower priority. However, the real threat of quantum computing to decrypt current cryptographic defenses means delaying is no longer viable. Immediate action and planning for post-quantum cryptography are critical to protect sensitive data and ensure compliance with evolving regulatory frameworks.

Sentiment: Neutral | Time to Impact: Mid

Quantum Crisis: Ethereum's Battle for Survival Against Quantum Threats

Publication source | Cointelegraph , FXStreet

Summary: Quantum computing poses a formidable threat to blockchain technologies, including Ethereum, with potential to break cryptographic defenses by 2025. Recognizing this, Ethereum's co-founder, Vitalik Buterin, proposes a hard fork as an emergency measure to shield the network. This preventive strategy involves a backup key mechanism to safeguard crypto assets, though it could disrupt the network and affect ETH prices dramatically.

Sentiment: Neutral | Time to Impact: Short

HSBC and PayPal tackle quantum-safe cryptography in payments

Finextra | Link

HSBC and PayPal have joined a new working group, alongside IBM and Australian Payments Plus, aimed at advancing quantum-safe cryptography for payment systems. The initiative, led by the Emerging Payments Association Asia, seeks to develop strategies for the payment industry to counteract the potential threats posed by quantum computing to current encryption standards like RSA. The group's focus includes policy, regulation, and business processes, aiming to secure payment rails against future quantum-related vulnerabilities.

Sentiment: Positive (+) | Time to Impact: Mid-term

Mind-bending maths could stop quantum hackers but few understand it

The Conversation | Link

The development of quantum computers raises concerns about their potential to break current cryptographic methods. This article explores the need for "quantum-proof" encryption to safeguard against future quantum hacking. It highlights lattice-based algorithms as promising for quantum resistance but discusses recent vulnerabilities discovered in these methods. The continuous evolution of both quantum computing and encryption underscores the vital role of advanced mathematics in maintaining digital security. Sentiment: Neutral (/) | Time to Impact: Short-term to Mid-term

Space Age Security: How Satellites Could Extend Quantum Encryption Globally

SciTechDaily |Technical University of Munich | Link

Summary: Advancements in quantum cryptography could make traditional encryption methods obsolete. Tobias Vogl is developing quantum encryption that uses the principles of physics to secure data via light particles, making it tamper-proof. This method, combined with satellite technology, aims to extend secure communication globally, with a planned satellite launch in 2025 to test the system's viability in space. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Long

Quantum Theory

Light at quantum service

Quantum Leap: Scientists Make Light Waves "Stand Still"

Eric Ralls | Link

Summary: Researchers at AMOLF and Delft University of Technology have developed a method to halt light waves by deforming two-dimensional photonic crystals. This breakthrough allows for the creation of Landau levels for photons, akin to magnetic effects on electrons, enhancing light control on nanophotonic chips. This innovation opens possibilities for more efficient lasers and quantum devices, marking a significant advance in photonics.

Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term to Long-term

Chinese Scientists Enhance Quantum Computing with New Light Source

Matt Swayne | The Quantum Insider | Link

Summary: Researchers in China have developed a new quantum light source using gallium nitride (GaN), a significant step towards efficient quantum chips. This technology, capable of generating entangled light particles essential for quantum communication, was detailed in Physical Review Letters. It promises a broader wavelength range and the potential for cheaper, more compact quantum devices, marking a major advancement in quantum circuit development. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term to Long-term

Compact Quantum Light Processing Could Spark Advances in Optical Quantum Computing

Matt Swayne | The Quantum Insider | Link

Summary Researchers, led by Philip Walther from the University of Vienna, have demonstrated a significant breakthrough in optical quantum computing by achieving quantum interference using a novel, resource-efficient platform. This new method, involving an optical fiber loop, allows for multi-photon interference with fewer physical resources, making quantum technologies more scalable and accessible. Published in Science Advances, this advancement could greatly enhance the scalability and implementation of quantum technologies. Sentiment: Positive | Time to Impact: Mid-term

A new kind of experiment at the Large Hadron Collider could unravel quantum reality

New Scientist | Link

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undertaking experiments to delve into quantum mechanics' underlying nature by testing entanglement at unprecedented energy levels. This exploration aims to reveal whether space-time itself is fundamental or if a deeper, stranger quantum reality underpins it. The initiative could reshape our understanding of quantum mechanics, challenging existing notions about reality and potentially uncovering new quantum phenomena.

Sentiment: Positive (+) | Time to Impact: Long-term

'Shut up and calculate’: how Einstein lost the battle to explain quantum reality

Nature | Link ?

This article explores the historical debate between Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein on the interpretation of quantum mechanics. It discusses how the "Copenhagen interpretation" became dominant, discouraging further questioning of quantum mechanics' philosophical foundations. The piece highlights the persistence of certain physicists who later influenced the field significantly, challenging this orthodoxy and paving the way for quantum computing and quantum information science.

Sentiment: Neutral? | Time to Impact: Long-term

First-Of-Its-Kind Image Shows Single Lithium Atoms Turning Into Quantum Waves

IFLScience | Link ?

Researchers have visually captured lithium atoms near absolute zero transitioning into quantum wave packets. This significant imaging advance, detailed in a pre-print paper, may enhance understanding of complex quantum states relevant to phenomena like neutron stars and early universe plasma. The method mirrors digital camera pixels, offering precise insights without disrupting the quantum state, marking a crucial step in quantum research.

Sentiment: Positive (+) | Time to Impact: Long-term

Each dot is a lithium atom close to the absolute zero. Image courtesy of Verstraten et al.

Quantum Fun

This is how Germans have fun. Disclaimer: Oliver is German

Quantum-themed escape room opens at German science museum

Physics World | Link ?

Germany's first quantum physics-themed escape room, the Kitty Q Escape Room, has opened at the Technische Sammlungen Dresden museum. Designed by the Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence for Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter (ct.qmat), the room offers a family-friendly, educational experience with 17 puzzles that explore quantum mechanics concepts. This innovative approach aims to make quantum physics accessible and engaging through gamified learning.

Sentiment: Positive (+) | Time to Impact: Short-term

Events

RSA Conference 2024 Link

The RSA 2024 Conference will take place in San Francisco, Moscone Center | May 6 - 9, 2024. It is a premier event in cybersecurity, offering a comprehensive exploration of current trends and future directions, including the impact of quantum technologies on security practices.

The World Science Festival Returns to NYC with the Spring Into Science Series of Live Events Exploring Consciousness, the Cosmos, AI, Quantum Computing, and More

PR News Wire | Link

The World Science Festival announces the Spring into Science series, returning to NYC from May 30 to June 2, 2024. Hosted by physicist Brian Greene, this event will explore various scientific realms including consciousness, cosmology, AI, and quantum computing.