Internet browsers.. I'm keeping tabs on them

Have you ever wondered what happens when you type https://www.holbertonschool.com in your browser and press Enter? Yeah, me neither yet here we are and I am going to explain it to you.

1. DNS request: When you type a domain name into your browser, a DNS request is sent to a DNS server to resolve the domain name to an IP address.
2. TCP/IP: Once the browser has the IP address of the server hosting the website, TCP/IP protocols are used to establish a connection between your browser and the server, allowing for the exchange of data between the two devices.
3. Firewall: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls are often used to protect web servers and other devices from unauthorized access.
4. HTTPS/SSL: HTTPS is a protocol for secure communication over the internet. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a protocol that provides encryption and authentication for HTTPS communication. When you visit a website using HTTPS, your browser and the server use SSL to exchange encrypted data, making it more difficult for unauthorized parties to intercept and read your communication.
5. Load-balancer: A load-balancer is a device or software application that distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers. Load-balancers are often used to improve website performance and reliability by ensuring that no single server becomes overwhelmed with too much traffic.
6. Web server: A web server is a device or software application that responds to HTTP requests from clients (such as browsers) by returning HTML files, images, or other web content.
7. Application server: An application server is a software application that provides a platform for running and managing web applications. Application servers often provide services such as database connectivity, caching, and session management.
8. Database: A database is a software application that stores and manages data. Web applications often rely on databases to store and retrieve information, such as user account details, product catalogs, or customer orders.

Overall, these terms are all essential components in the process of web communication, working together to enable users to access and interact with web content securely and efficiently.

The browser checks its cache to see if it has the IP address for the domain name. If it does, it uses that IP address to establish a connection to the server hosting the website. If it doesn't, it moves to the next step. The browser sends a DNS request to a DNS server to resolve the domain name to an IP address. The DNS server looks up the IP address associated with the domain name and sends it back to the browser.

Once the browser has the IP address, it uses the address to establish a connection to the server hosting the website. The browser sends an HTTP request to the server requesting the website's content. The server responds with the website's content, which the browser then displays to the user. The browser may also send additional requests to the server for resources such as images, videos, or scripts, which the server will respond to and the browser will display to the user.