Inter-Neurotype Communication: A Guide to Understanding Both Perspectives

Introduction?

Effective communication is essential for a successful and collaborative environment.??

This guide explores communication styles between neurodivergent (ND) and neurotypical (NT) individuals, providing actionable tips to bridge the gap and foster strong relationships.?

The key is to understand each other, this guide has been designed for both the neurotypical ally and neurodivergent person so that together we are better equipped to work as one to advance the neurodiversity movement.?

Understanding Neurodiversity?

Neurodivergent refers to individuals whose brains function in ways that differ from the "typical" or neurotypical standard.??

This can encompass a wide range of differences, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Dyslexia, and Dyspraxia.?

Communication Styles?

Neurotypical:??

Often rely on implicit cues, body language, and subtext. Communication tends to be less direct and context-dependent.?

Neurodivergent:??

Communication styles vary within the ND community and are typically unique to the individual. Some individuals may:?

• Favour literal interpretations and clear, concise language.?
• Rely less on non-verbal cues.?
• Excel at understanding unspoken social rules.?

Sensory Sensitivities?

Many ND individuals experience sensory sensitivities to light, sound, touch, taste, or smell.? Understanding these sensitivities is crucial for creating a comfortable and inclusive environment. Some people may decide to turn their cameras off during meetings, which should be respected.?

Avoiding Assumptions??

Challenge your biases:

We all have unconscious biases that can cloud our understanding. Regularly reflect on your own assumptions about communication styles based on neurodiversity or cultural background. Resources like implicit bias tests can be helpful for self-discovery.?

Ask clarifying questions:

Don't be afraid to ask for clarification! Phrases like "Can you elaborate on that?" or "Could you give me an example?" demonstrate your desire to understand the other person's perspective fully.?

Paraphrase to confirm understanding:

After someone has explained something, restate the key points in your own words. This allows them to correct any misunderstandings and promotes active listening on your part.?

Feedback and checking in??

Focus on specific behaviours, not personalities: When giving feedback, target the action or behaviour that needs improvement, not the person themself.??

Use "I" statements:

"I" statements allow you to express your perspective without placing blame. For instance, "I felt confused when the project deadline changed without prior notice," is more constructive than "You didn't tell us about the deadline change."?

Ask for permission to give feedback:

Before diving into feedback, simply ask "Is it okay if I share some thoughts on...?" This shows respect and allows the other person to decide if they're receptive at that moment.?

Schedule regular check-ins:

Regularly scheduled one-on-one meetings or team discussions can be a safe space to discuss communication preferences, challenges, and successes.??

This fosters ongoing dialogue and helps identify areas for improvement.?

Cultural Communication Differences?

In addition to neurodiversity, cultural backgrounds also play a significant role in communication styles. Here are some general considerations to keep in mind:?

Directness vs. Indirectness:??

Communication styles can vary between direct and indirect. In North America and many European countries, communication tends to be more direct. In collectivist cultures like Asia and Latin America, communication can be more indirect, with emphasis on maintaining harmony and avoiding confrontation.?

Non-Verbal Communication:??

Non-verbal cues also differ across cultures. A thumbs-up might be considered positive in North America, but offensive in some cultures. Understanding common gestures used in your colleagues' regions can be helpful.?

Hierarchy and Respect:??

In some cultures, there's a strong emphasis on respecting hierarchy and authority figures. Communication styles might be more formal and deferential.?

Remember:??

These are broad generalisations, and individual variations exist within each culture. This is a demonstrative guide.??

Using Inclusive Language??

Avoid jargon and acronyms:

Jargon and acronyms can be confusing, especially for people unfamiliar with the field. If you must use them, explain them the first time you do so and consider offering a glossary of terms.?

Use gender-neutral language:

When referring to someone you don't know or a group of people, use gender-neutral pronouns like "they" and "them" or terms like "team members" or "colleagues."?

Be mindful of cultural connotations:

A word or phrase that seems innocuous in one culture might have a different meaning in another. Consider your audience and research if necessary to avoid unintentional offense.?

Avoid Divisive Language??

Use phrases that show openness to other ideas:

Instead of shutting down discussion with phrases like "The bottom line is..." or "We're all agreed, right?", use open-ended questions like "This is a good start, what other options have we considered?" or "Are there any alternative approaches we should explore?"?

Acknowledge uncertainty:

It's okay not to have all the answers! Phrases like "I'm not sure, but maybe we could try..." or "That's an interesting point, let's research that further" demonstrate your willingness to learn and collaborate.?

Embrace diverse perspectives:

Neurodiversity and cultural backgrounds bring a wealth of perspectives to the table. By using inclusive language and avoiding decisive language, you create a space where everyone feels comfortable sharing their ideas.?

Conflict Resolution??

• Focus on the issue, not the person: During conflict, it's easy to get caught up in emotions. Remember, the goal is to resolve the issue, not attack the other person. Focus on the specific problem and work together to find a solution.?
• Actively listen to the other person's perspective: Pay close attention to what the other person is saying, both verbally and nonverbally. Try to understand their point of view before offering your own solution.?
• Brainstorm solutions together: Approach conflict resolution as a collaborative effort. Ask open-ended questions like "What ideas do you have for moving forward?" or "How can we address this issue in a way that works for everyone?"?
• Focus on common ground and reaching a win-win outcome: Look for areas of agreement and work together to find a solution that satisfies everyone's needs.?

Intersectionality??

Recognise that people have multiple identities:

Someone can be neurodivergent and also belong to a specific cultural background, gender identity, or have a disability. These factors can all influence communication style and needs.?

Consider how these identities might influence communication style:?

For example, someone from a collectivist culture might be more hesitant to express disagreement directly, while someone with ADHD might struggle to focus in a noisy environment.?

Be mindful of potential biases based on race, gender, or other factors:

We all have biases, and it's important to be aware of how they might influence how we interpret communication from others. Consider taking unconscious bias training and actively challenge your own assumptions.?

Celebrate diversity:

Neurodiversity and cultural differences are strengths, not weaknesses.??

Actionable Tips for Neurotypical People?

Clarity is Key:??

State information directly, avoid sarcasm, and explain the "why" behind requests. Be mindful of cultural norms around directness.?

Respect Different Communication Styles:?

Offer alternative communication methods (email, pre-circulated agendas, one-on-one meetings).?

Be aware that some individuals may be non-speaking and rely on AAC devices, sign language, picture boards, or typing.?

Embrace Directness:??

Don't take bluntness as rudeness. It might be a more straightforward communication style, or a cultural difference.?

Example:?

Present proposals with visuals and written summaries alongside verbal explanations.?

Encourage open discussion with specific prompts.?

Consider offering attendees the option to submit questions or comments electronically.?

Be mindful that some attendees may require extra processing time and avoid pressuring them for immediate responses.?

Actionable Tips for Neurodivergent People?

Be Mindful of Body Language:??

While you might not naturally pick up on these cues, understanding common gestures can be helpful. Resources are available online or through workshops. Consider researching common non-verbal cues specific to the cultures you work with.?

Express Yourself Clearly:??

Anticipate the need for additional information or context in your communication. Consider practicing your communication beforehand, especially in high-pressure situations.?

Embrace Flexibility:??

Be open to adapting your communication style slightly to different situations and cultures.?

Example:??

When seeking support from an ally, explain your preferred communication style, any sensory sensitivities you might have, and any challenges you face (masking, social anxiety).??

Briefly summarise key points before delving into details. If you are non-speaking, identify your preferred communication method beforehand and ensure the necessary tools are available during meetings (e.g., AAC device, sign language interpreter).?

Building Strong Alliances?

NT Ally:??

Actively listen, ask clarifying questions, and show a genuine interest in understanding the ND perspective.??

Research common ND communication styles and challenges. Be aware that some ND individuals may be non-verbal and seek to understand their preferred communication methods.??

Be mindful of cultural communication styles too.?

ND Individual:??

Clearly communicate your needs and preferences and be patient with those who are learning your communication style.?

Remember:?

• Communication is a Two-Way Street: Both parties have a role to play in ensuring clear understanding.?
• Embrace Differences: Neurodiversity and cultural backgrounds bring a unique blend of strengths and perspectives to the table.?
• Patience and Empathy: Building strong communication takes time and effort.?

Moving Forward

Our global movement thrives on collaboration across cultures and neurotypes. By fostering environments around the world that celebrates these differences and embraces clear communication practices, we can unlock the full potential of the neurodiversity movement.??

By following this guide and fostering a culture of mutual understanding and respect, we can ensure everyone has the chance to be in a successful and enriching environment where everyone can use their voice to lead change.??

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