Industry 5.0 : The Next Industrial Revolution : Is it around the Corner?

Industry 5.0 : The Next Industrial Revolution : Is it around the Corner?

ABSTRACT :

Industry 4.0 has been driving?automation, standardization,?visibility, agility, self-decision-making, empowerment of machines, and predictability for organizations, starting with the focus on their?operations to extend it outside the firewalls?and across the upstream and downstream?value chains.??Taken virtually and literally as an extreme?stretch of this?concept will?result in exceeding automation, higher dependency on the?robotic systems, and conveyors, self-decision-making?to?the extent of?some decisions taken without the consideration of the softer side of and consideration for the human?element,?and resulting into an operation which is running almost 24 X 7 X 365 model - continuously without any stops and without any manual interventions as a “theoretically extreme outcome”.?This is getting constituted as a concept of Dark Factories or?lights-out manufacturing, which are demonstrating the excess?and unmindful implementation of the concepts of Industry 4.0 . The advent of Industry 5.0?brings in the continuum of control that this required for the?Industry 4.0 implementation to become more considerate?and is using higher acumen of a human being for the key control elements, bringing?in the concept of sustainability -?for bringing in?perspective which is?considering the sustenance to wider the horizon from the perspective in Industry 4.0 to increase the rate of production to give a whole perspective of the sustainability of the factory in the ecosystem of the society; it also brings in a perspective of the resilience of the processes, systems, and operations, to be able to take up, face and reconfigure itself into a way to address any changes – both internal or external, getting handled to be able to rise to the occasion and endure with that resilience to keep up and rejuvenate for the newer state of existence. ?

In summary, industry 5.0 ensures the best drivers from the Industry 4.0 to get strengthened and get augmented with the element of control, reconfiguration, and realignment, in the larger picture of stakeholders of the organization, the society, and the human existence in the larger scope.?

INTRODUCTION

???????????The industry has gone through?the evolution from being completely manual in the early years in the 1700s to adopting mechanization in the first evolution called Industry 1.0. Then getting into the focus of mass production, use of conveyor/material handling systems to enter into Industry 2.0 in the 1800s; while taking up more of involvement of computers to manage the manufacturing operations / execution to seek benefits from Industry 3.0 – around the 1970s; ?then, finally adopting the concepts of IIOT (Industrial Internet of Things) to get the machines connected, communicating and making them automated to the extent of self-decision making and self-governing – calling it as Industry 4.0 – around 2020s.?

Ref : https://www.newclothmarketonline.com/featured-articles/industry-4-0-is-the-new-buzzword-for-factories-of-the-future/

Industry 4.0 is a combination of different changes that have come about in manufacturing or are being adopted by industry leaders. These changes can be processes, principles, technologies or anything else that is significantly different from before. Industry 4.0 involves the business and technology levers like Process Automation, Simulation of Processes or Products, a concept of Shopfloor-to-Topfloor connect, IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things), Elements of Security – IT and Cybersecurity, The Digital Forces like Cloud, Mobility, Adaptive Manufacturing – 3D Printing, Augmented / Virtual Reality, Bigdata Analytics – Predictive and Prescriptive, which govern the roadmap of and maturity of the implementation of the Industry 4.0 to a larger extent.?

As we move on the path of Industry 4.0 getting our industries more and more standardized, automated, controlled, self-governing, more and more mass producing and with lesser manual interventions – the factories will start working round-the-close and without needing some or any of manual interventions – so giving a feeling that its self-governing, but limited to the learnings it has for the business rules, mature expert system defined for controlling it to the continuum.?

It would also miss the perspective of the human element, the societal impact, the concept of sustainability, which is one of the key elements of the governance for the industries, and also the resilience, which marks the ability of the organizations to face and deal with the changes internally and externally to their ecosystem and hence learn from them to become more and more resilient over period of time. These three levers are brought in by Industry 5.0 to make it cover larger canvas of the existence of the organization in the context of society and existence on a longer term with becoming resilient to exist longer and more effectively in accordance to the environment.?

.??Taken virtually and literally as an extreme?stretch of Industry 4.0 will result into exceeding automation, higher dependency on the?robotic systems, and conveyors, self-decision-making?to?the extent of?some decisions taken without the consideration of the softer side of and consideration for the human?element,?and resulting into an operation which is running almost 24 X 7 X 365 model - continuously without any stops and without any manual interventions as a “theoretically extreme outcome”.?This is getting constituted as a concept of Dark Factories or?lights-out manufacturing, which are demonstrating the excess?and unmindful implementation of the concepts of Industry 4.0 .

???????????In this paper, we have done a literature review, interacted with the industry specialists, and worked with industry service providers, integrators, and OEMs to evolve with a perspective of how Industry 5.0 is likely to evolve and how it would be best suited in the larger perspective of human being, its ecosystems, and the governance.?

LITERATURE REVIEW

[1] Amr Adel et al. : “Future of Industry 5.0 in Society: human-centric solutions, challenges and prospective research areas” : discusses the perspective of of the Industry 5.0 opportunities as well as limitations and the future research prospects. Industry 5.0 is changing the paradigm and bring resolution since it will decrease emphasis on technology and assume that the potential for progress is based on collaboration among humans and machines. The industrial revolution is improving customer satisfaction by utilizing personalized products. In modern business with paid technological developments, industry 5.0 is required for gaining competitive advantages as well as economic growth for the factory. The paper is aimed to analyze the potential applications of Industry 5.0. At first, there is a discussion of the definitions of Industry 5.0 and the advanced technologies required in this industrial revolution. There is also discussion of the applications enabled in Industry 5.0 like healthcare, supply chain, production in manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, etc. The technologies discussed in this paper are big data analytics, Internet of Things, collaborative robots, Blockchain, digital twins and future 6G systems. The study also included difficulties and issues examined in this paper head to comprehend the issues caused by organizations among the robots and people in the assembly line

[2] Kadir Alpaslan Demir a, G?zde D?ven a, Bülent Sezen ?el al. :Industry 5.0 and Human-Robot Co-working” : the paper focuses on the human-machine specifically robot interaction, coexistence and leveraging the best-of-the-best from both sides providing the sense of mechanization from the robot side, while providing intelligence, dexterity, and tacit knowledge/skills from the human being side. There are a few visions for Industry 5.0. One emerging theme is human-robot co-working. In recent years, we have seen significant advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) research. Today, there are robots for various purposes at affordable prices in the market. It is not long before we closely interact with robots in our lives and workplaces. Testing autonomous cars in traffic is a promising example of this upcoming trend. There are companies having an employee record for robots or AI applications. While there are many studies on human-robot collaboration for low-level tasks with a focus on robot development, we lack studies focusing on organizational issues emerging from human-robot co-working. In this study, we discuss the possible issues related to human-robot co-working from the organizational and human employee perspectives. We believe the issues identified in this study will be the focus of many upcoming organizational robotics research studies

[3] Kadir Alpaslan Demir, Halil Ciciba? et al. : in “The Next Industrial Revolution: Industry 5.0 and Discussions on Industry 4.0” discuss about how 4.0 is evolving and building some constraints, which are getting addressed through Industry 5.0. In discussions related to Industry 5.0, Industry 4.0 is being criticized with not being able to provide solutions for all foreseeable future needs. While the focus of Industry 4.0 is mass production, Industry 5.0 focuses on sustainability. In this paper, we provide a critique of Industry 4.0 and briefly present the arguments for Industry 5.0. Furthermore, we emphasize that regardless of its version, the next industrial revolution should be fueled by both information & technology and concerns for environmental sustainability.

[4] Joel Alves, Tania M. Lima and Pedro D. Gaspar et al. “Is Industry 5.0 a Human-Centred Approach? A Systematic Review” : speak about focusing on human as a central piece of the equation in the implementation of the principles recommended by Industry 4.0 to be called as Industry 5.0. Industry 5.0 presents itself as a strategy that puts the human factor at the center of production, where the well-being of the worker is prioritized, as well as more sustainable and resilient production systems. For human centricity, it is necessary to empower human beings and, respectively, industrial operators, to improve their individual skills and competencies in collaboration or cooperation with digital technologies. This research’s main purpose and distinguishing point are to determine whether Industry 5.0 is truly human-oriented and how human centricity can be created with Industry 5.0 technologies. For that, this systematic literature review article analyses and clarifies the concepts and ideologies of Industry 5.0 and its respective technologies (Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Human-robot collaboration, Digitalization), as well as the strategies of human-centricity, with the aim of achieving sustainable and resilient systems, especially for the worker.

[5] European Commission et al. : “What this approach is focused on, how it will be achieved and how it is already being implemented” outlines that within Industry 5.0 -?In order to remain the engine of prosperity, the industry must lead the digital and green transitions. This approach provides a vision of an industry that aims beyond efficiency and productivity as the sole goals and reinforces the role and contribution of industry to society. It places the well-being of the worker at the center of the production process and uses?new technologies to provide prosperity beyond jobs and growth while respecting the production?limits of the planet.

It complements the existing "Industry 4.0" approach by specifically putting research and innovation at the service of the transition to a?sustainable, human-centric,?and?resilient European industry. Industries can play an active role in providing solutions to challenges for society including the preservation of resources, climate change, and social stability.

The Industry of the Future approach brings benefits for industry, for workers and for society.?It empowers workers, as well as addresses the evolving skills and training needs of employees. It increases the competitiveness of the industry and helps attract the best talents. It is good for our planet as it favors circular production models and supports technologies that make the use of natural resources more efficiently.

[6] European Commission et al. “Industry 5.0 roundtable” speaks about how to advance Industry 5.0 implementation, and what would be framework conditions favorable to its take-up. They covered finance, governance, metrics, and inclusivity. There is already a strong market pull, but this needs to be accompanied by appropriate framework conditions and policy measures. These should include forward-looking standards, swifter authorization procedures to enable infrastructural development, precise definitions and strategic use of public procurement for green products and public goods. At the same time, participants recognized that the EU must ensure a level-playing field with global competitors. One way to do this is to establish equivalents to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in other regions, while avoiding an overly rigid structure within Europe.

There was a consensus that the implementation of Industry 5.0 will make Europe’s industry and innovation ecosystem future-proof. As a key element of the innovation ecosystem, industry drives the formation and scale-up of companies through entrepreneurship, corporate venture capital and acquisitions and by providing market opportunities for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

[7] Sandra Grabowska, Sebastian Saniuk & Bo?ena Gajdzik et al. : “Industry 5.0: improving humanization and sustainability of Industry 4.0” outlines the widespread digitization and dynamic development of the technologies of the fourth?industrial revolution, leading to the dehumanization of industry, have increased the interest of the scientific community in aspects of industrial humanization, sustainability and resilience. Hence, the aim of the article is to identify areas related to the humanization and sustainability of the concept of Industry 4.0. A bibliometric analysis of Web of Science using Vosviewer tools, Excell and content analysis of selected papers were applied. The most important results include the determination of the dynamics of the increase in the number of publications in the segment of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. The article indicates the weaknesses of the concept of Industry 4.0, especially in the area of the role of man in smart?factories and sustainable development. Thus, the framework of the concept of Industry 5.0 was identified. In addition, the bibliometric analysis carried out allowed the identification of an important stream of employee skill development

[8] Shelzer, R. el al.. “What is Industry 5.0—And how will it affect manufacturers” .?focuses on the transitionary phases getting evident between Industry 4.0 and 5.0. As Industry 4.0 was centered around the Internet of Things connecting devices on the plant floor, Industry 5.0 is focused on the interaction between humans and machines. While we’re already starting to see this as humans work alongside machines and are connected to smart manufacturing plants via devices, the fifth Industrial Revolution is likely to continue the push toward more advanced human-machine interfaces. This will mean improved integration, allowing faster, better automation paired with the power of human brains.

This also means robots aren’t going to be taking over manufacturing plants any time soon. In fact, the shift from Industry 4.0 to 5.0 means more emphasis on human manufacturers. And this shift — bringing together the best of both the human and machine worlds — will likely also mean improved productivity.

[9] ?stergaard, E.?et al. “Industry 5.0—Return of the human touch”. Retrieved February 15, 2022,?clearly identifies “Human Creativity” as a critical element to bring continuum to the priciples driving Industry 4.0. This redeployment of human creativity is necessary due to market evolvement and customer requirements demanding a high degree of individualization in the products they buy (as seen in the automotive sector, for instance). Furthermore, according to a survey conducted by Accenture Consulting, 85 % of manufacturers see the “connected workforce” being commonplace in their production processes by 2020. So, while robots are excellent at manufacturing standard products in standardized processes in a high production volume, adding this so-called “special something” to each and every product is a challenge where robots require guidance. Thus, we recognize the need to bring back the human touch to production processes.

In production processes, automation can be used to its fullest potential only when there is a spark of human creativity influencing the processes as well. On its own, an automated production with traditional industrial robots will do only what it is being told – often only after long and strenuous programming efforts. Collaborative robots, however, work in sync with human employees. These two forces complement each other and thrive together, as the human can add this so-called “special something”, while the robot processes the product further or prepares it for human attention. In this way, the employee is empowered and uses the cobot as a multi-functional tool: a screwdriver, a packaging device, a palletizer, etc. The robot is not meant to replace the human workforce, but to take over strenuous or even dangerous tasks. Thus, human employees can use their creativity to turn to more complex projects.

?

[10] Saeid Nahavandi et al. : “Industry 5.0—A Human-Centric Solution. Sustainability”, explains how Industry 5.0 is the most evident and self-enriching solution evolving across. Staying at the top is getting tougher and more challenging due to the fast-growing and changing digital technologies and AI-based solutions. The world of technology, mass customization, and advanced manufacturing is experiencing a rapid transformation. Robots are becoming even more important as they can now be coupled with the human mind by means of brain–machine interface and advances in artificial intelligence. A strong necessity to increase productivity while not removing human workers from the manufacturing industry is imposing punishing challenges on the global economy. To counter these challenges, this article introduces the concept of Industry 5.0, where robots are intertwined with the human brain and work as collaborators instead of competitors. This article also outlines a number of key features and concerns that every manufacturer may have about Industry 5.0. In addition, it presents several developments achieved by researchers for use in Industry 5.0 applications and environments. Finally, the impact of Industry 5.0 on the manufacturing industry and overall economy is discussed from an economic and productivity point of view, where it is argued that Industry 5.0 will create more jobs than it will take away.

In [11] P. Chaudhari, R. Utgikar, B. Kelkar and P. Borse, "A Novel Approach: Bioeconomy & Industry 5.0 Enhanced version, discuss how A combination of two or more technology components really makes Industry 4.0 not only useful but also very pervasive in many walks of life and human endeavors. While industry 4.0 have undoubtedly accelerated economic growth, it has brought to the surface several limitations such as sustainability, ecological imbalance, unemployment and human cost, psychological impact, and inclusiveness

It brings about two version of Industry 5.0 The first version (V1) of Industry 5.0 discusses “human-robot co-working” also popularly known as “cobots” where instead of the dreaded human-robot conflict, it will be coexistence and cooperation. In this vision, the human role will be on creative and transformational parts and that of robots will be of transactional and repetitive work. The second version (V2) of Industry 5.0 elaborates bioeconomy based that smartly uses biological resources for industrial purposes and helps achieve a balance between ecology, industry, and economy. The widely accepted definition and concept of Bioeconomy are defined as “A set of economic activities related to the invention, development, production, and use of biomass-based products and/or processes for the production of renewable energy, materials, and chemicals”.

Through Industry 5.0 : The bioeconomy is bound to complement a multitude of technological advances as well as inclusive growth. Bioeconomy positively impacts social, environmental, and economic aspects, balancing the proverbial 3 Ps viz. People, Planet, and Profits, in a sustainable manner. It is poised to play a pivotal role in the global context.

CONCLUSION

The advent of Industry 5.0?brings in the continuum of control that this required for the?Industry 4.0 implementation to become more considerate?and is using higher acumen of human being for the key control elements, brings?in the concept of sustainability -?for bring in?perspective which is?considering the sustenance to wider the horizon from the perspective in Industry 4.0 to increase the rate of production to give a whole perspective of sustainability of the factory in the ecosystem of the society; it also brings in a perspective of the resilience of the processes, systems and operations, to be able to take up, face and reconfigure itself into a way to address any changes – both internal or external, getting handled to be able to rise to the occasion and endure with that resilience to keep up and rejuvenate for the newer state of existence.?

Numerous scientific studies emphasize the need to include sustainability and the key role of human beings in the assumptions for the development of the industry of the future. At the basis of the development of a new concept are social and environmental needs, and the basis of the evolution is the sustainability of the economy. The essence of Industry 5.0 is concentrated around three areas of development: human-centric, sustainable and resilient.

This paper discusses the various perspectives of Industry 5.0 to bring in the element of a larger perspective to the industry to operate in the larger ecosystem, rather than just concentrating on its own productivity, quality, and profitability. The criteria to take care of the upstream and downstream in the value chain, their viability, sustainability, and hence endurance to cope up with changes is the key to success in the longer run for the whole of the industry ecosystem with and for mankind.

In summary, Industry 5.0 ensures the best drivers from the Industry 4.0 to get strengthened and get augmented with the element of control, reconfiguration, and realignment, in the larger picture of stakeholders of the organization, the society, and the human existence in the larger scope.?

REFERENCES

[1] Amr Adel et al. : “Future of industry 5.0 in society: human-centric solutions, challenges and prospective research areas” : Journal of Cloud Computing, ?Sep 2022 ?volume 11, Article number: 40 (2022) :

https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13677-022-00314-5

[2] Kadir Alpaslan Demir a, G?zde D?ven a, Bülent Sezen ?el al. :Industry 5.0 and Human-Robot Co-working” : Procedia Computer Science,?Volume 158, 2019, Pages 688-695 : 3rd WORLD CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP" INDUSTRY 4.0 FOCUSED INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANUFACTURE" June 21-23, 2019 ?

??https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050919312748

[3] Kadir Alpaslan Demir, Halil Ciciba? et al. : “The Next Industrial Revolution: Industry 5.0 and Discussions on Industry 4.0” : In book: Industry 4.0 from the MIS Perspective (pp.247-260)Publisher: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften : January 2019

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336653504_The_Next_Industrial_Revolution_Industry_50_and_Discussions_on_Industry_40

[4] Joel Alves, Tania M. Lima and Pedro D. Gaspar et al. “Is Industry 5.0 a Human-Centred Approach? A Systematic Review” : Special Issue Machine Learning Assisted Intelligent Processing and Optimization for Complex System : MDPI : Basel, Switzerland, ?Published: 7 January 2023

???????????https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/1/193

[5] European Commission et al. : “What this approach is focused on, how it will be achieved and how it is already being implemented” : Publication Jan 2022 : Industry 5.0, a transformative vision for Europe - Governing systemic transformations towards a sustainable industry, an ESIR policy brief

???????????https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-area/industrial-research-and-innovation/industry-50_en

[6] European Commission et al. “Industry 5.0 roundtable” - Brussels 27 April 2022 : meeting report

???????????https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/053bf2aa-f1d7-11ec-a534-01aa75ed71a1/language-en

[7] Sandra Grabowska, Sebastian Saniuk & Bo?ena Gajdzik et al. : “Industry 5.0: improving humanization and sustainability of Industry 4.0” : Scientometrics volume 127, pages3117–3144 (Apr 2022) :

???????????https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-022-04370-1

[8] Shelzer, R. el al.. “What is Industry 5.0—And how will it affect manufacturers” . (2017) : Global Electronic Sales and Repairs

https://gesrepair.com/industry-5-0-will-affect-manufacturers/

[9] ?stergaard, E. ?et al. “Industry 5.0—Return of the human touch”. Retrieved February 15, 2022, ?

https://www.universal-robots.com/blog/industry-50-return-of-the-human-touch/

[10] Saeid Nahavandi et al. : “Industry 5.0—A Human-Centric Solution. Sustainability”, 11, 4371. . (2019). ?

???????????https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/16/4371

[11] P. Chaudhari, R. Utgikar, B. Kelkar and P. Borse, "A Novel Approach: Bioeconomy & Industry 5.0 Enhanced version," 2021 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon), Pune, India, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PuneCon52575.2021.9686495.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9686495