Industrial & Systems Engineering (ISE) is critical to any organization, so why is it crucial?

In Industrial & Systems Engineering (ISE), mathematical, statistical, and scientific techniques are used to design, analyze, build, and improve systems of people, information, and materials. ISEs ensure that these systems work safely and efficiently since they often involve complex interactions between machines and humans.??

In addition to collecting, cleaning, analyzing, and interpreting data, ISEs are experts in qualitative and quantitative analyses. By analyzing such data, they can predict a system's behavior and take actions that ultimately improve people's lives. Our modern technology-driven society relies heavily on computer programming to achieve these systems-level and people-oriented objectives.?

In addition to logistics and transportation, ISEs work in healthcare, energy, manufacturing, robotics, and cyberinfrastructure. Examples of ISE projects include:??

• Optimization of global distribution networks?and Supply Chain Management
• Planning and executing disaster relief operations?
• Management of airline operations?
• Development of safety protocols for autonomous vehicles?
• Streamlining the flow of patients and improving the quality of care in hospitals??
• Making the electric grid more efficient?
• Reducing waste, rework, and defects in manufacturing processes and products?
• Planning robot motion in warehouses?
• Mitigating the risk of phishing attacks and other cybersecurity threats?

Consequently, ISEs secure jobs in nonprofits, Government, and small and large corporations.?

When dealing with well-structured systems and processes, ISEs' methods have a great deal of success. The challenge for managers and engineers arises when analyzing, planning, and controlling systems that contain unstructured processes. Teams and individuals have a significant role in the daily operation, monitoring, and decision-making of systems. Different individuals perform different processes based on their perceptions, concepts, ideas, and perceptions of system status, all denoted by the Mental Model (MM) of the system's operators. Interacting with complex or simple systems, people develop a subjective internal representation of the system and their role in the environment in which they operate. Mental Model (MM) is the term used in the literature to describe such a representation. MM includes the individual's perceptions, concepts, ideas, and perceptions of the system. Researchers who study the interaction between humans and complex engineering systems often refer to this term. As a general rule, the MM is a simplification of reality, which is achieved by dividing the system into hierarchies that facilitate different levels of reasoning. Mental models have many meanings, which is why they are widely used.?