India's Ambitious Green Energy and Green Hydrogen Goals for 2030

India's renewable energy landscape is witnessing a transformative era, aligning with its ambitious target of achieving 500 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy capacity by 2030. The country is not just scaling up its renewable energy sources but is also making significant strides in the production of green hydrogen, with the objective of producing 5 million metric tons (MMT) by the end of this decade.

The accompanying graph reflects India's progressive trajectory in various renewable energy sources. It indicates a steep rise in cumulative solar power, which is expected to be the backbone of India's renewable energy sector. The growth in wind energy also shows a promising increase, albeit at a more gradual pace. Hydro and biopower remain relatively constant, while the cumulative green hydrogen production is projected to experience a considerable ascent, though starting from a much lower base compared to other energy sources.

India's leap towards self-reliance in the renewable energy sector is evident. The country has reached a stage where it no longer needs to import solar panels, thanks to the bolstered domestic industry that has developed competencies and efficiencies at an impressive pace. This milestone not only fosters economic growth but also ensures energy security and sustainability.

Despite these advancements, there are significant challenges that must be addressed. The over-dependency on a single country or geography for supply chains poses a significant risk, particularly highlighted during geopolitical tensions. To mitigate this, India needs to diversify its supply chains to ensure uninterrupted progress in its green energy transition.

Furthermore, the absence of substantial trade agreements, particularly in carbon markets, is a notable gap. The investment that costs €70 to €100 per ton of carbon in Europe could offset 20–30 tons in other markets, demonstrating the urgent need for better capital flow and international collaboration.

With only 7 to 10 years left to make a decisive impact on the climate curve, the urgency for action is palpable. Corporates play a crucial role, being responsible for 65% of global carbon emissions. Yet, the lack of robust monitoring and evaluation processes has led to rampant 'greenwashing', undermining genuine sustainability efforts.

To truly bend the emissions curve, knowledge, abilities, and scale must converge. India, having developed significant capabilities in the renewable sector, is poised to lead by example. The expertise cultivated within its borders has the potential to be shared globally, positioning India as a powerhouse exporter of green technologies.

India's vision for 2030 with its renewable energy and green hydrogen goals is not just about meeting numbers. It's a vision of sustainable and responsible growth, energy security, and global leadership in the fight against climate change. The green hydrogen sector, in particular, represents a frontier where India can leverage its vast renewable resources to become a global leader.

The commitment to produce 5 MMT of green hydrogen is a testament to India's resolve to forge a new path in energy production, one that mitigates environmental impact while bolstering economic and industrial growth. This is not a solitary journey but a collective one, requiring robust policies, international cooperation, and the harnessing of India's full potential to make a mark on the global stage.

Dr Mayilvelnathan Vivekananthan, ME, PhD

Green Hydrogen Expert, GH2 Think Tank

Director, Cipher Neutron

[email protected]