IMPINDUKA KU ITEGEKO RISHYA RIGENGA ABANTU N’UMURYANGO
Maurice Nshuti
Aspiring Lawyer | Legal researcher & legal content Creator, Corporate laws & FinTech and IP Protection enthusiast | LLB, DLP Candidate.
Itegeko rishya No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango
I. INCAMAKE
Itegeko rishya rigenga abantu n’umuryango: Itegeko No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 ryatangajwe rinasohoka mu igazeti ya Leta kuwa 30/07/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango rikuraho amategeko abiri ariyo: itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango No 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 n’itegeko No 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura. Ayo mategeko yombi yavanyweho haza irishya rigenga abantu n’umuryango n’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, ariryo: Itegeko No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 . Muri make hari hashize imyaka umunani kuva 2016 kuva aya mategeko yombi yajyaho akaba yakuweho yose akanahindirwa mu ngingo zayo zose.
II. 1. IBICE BIGIZE ITEGEKO RISHYA NDETSE N’ITEGEKO RYAKUWEHO
Reka duhere ku itegeko ryakuweho ariryo Itegeko No 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, turaza kureba ibice bigize itegeko rishya rya 2024 nyuma.
ITEGEKO No 32/2016 RYO KU WA 28/08/2016 RIGENGA ABANTU N’UMURYANGO
Muri iri tegeko harimo ibice bine (4) Igice cya mbere: Ingingo rusange
Igice cya kabiri: Abantu
Igice cya gatatu: Umuryango
Igice cya kane: Ingingo z’inzibacyuho
Turamutse dushatse kubihina twavuga ko itegeko ryakuweho Itegeko No 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abanatu n’umuryango ryari rigizwe n’ibice bikurikira
2. IGICE CYA I: INGINGO RUSANGE
INTERURO YA MBERE: icyo itegeko rigamije n’ibisobanuro by’amagambo
? Ingingo ya mbere: Icyo iri tegeko rigamije
? Ingingo ya 2: Ibisobanuro by’amagambo
? INTERURO YA MBERE: Amahame Rusange
? Ingingo ya 3: Ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma kw’itegeko
? Ingingo ya 4: Kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, umudendezo wa rubanda n’imyifatire mbonezabupfura
? Ingingo ya 5: Agaciro k’amategeko yo mu bindi bihugu, imanza n’amasezerano byakorewe mu mahanga
? Ingingo ya 8: Itegeko rikoreshwa ku nyandiko zikozwe hagati y’abakiriho
3. IGICE CYA II: ABANTU
INTERURO YA MBERE: UBUZIMAGATOZI
? UMUTWE WA MBERE: ITANGIRA RY’UBUZIMAGATOZI N’INGARUKA ZABWO
? UMUTWE WA II: IRANGIRA RY’UBUZIMAGATOZI
? Icyiciro cya 1: Urupfu
? Icyiciro cya 2: Ibura
? Icyiciro cya 3: Urubanza rutangaza izimira
? Icyiciro cya 4: Ingingo zihuriweho ku ibura n’izimira
4.IGICE CYA III: UMURYANGO
? INTERURO YA MBERE: INGINGO RUSANGE
? UMUTWE WA MBERE: AMASANO
? UMUTWE WA II: ISHYINGIRWA
? UMUTWE WA III: INKURIKIZI Z’ISHYINGIRWA
? UMUTWE WA IV: ISESWA
5.IGICE CYA IV: INGINGO Z’INZIBACYUHO N’IZISOZA
ITEGEKO No 71/2024 RYO KU WA 26/06/2024 RIGENA ABANTU N’UMURYANGO
?III. ??IMPINDUKA MU ITEGEKO RISHYA No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 ??
III.1) Impinduka ya mbere: Guhuza amategeko abiri
Iri tegeko rishya No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 ryahurije hamwe amategeko abiri nyir’izina: itegeko Numero No 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 ndetse n’ itegeko No 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura. Iyo niyo mpinduka ya mbere yabaye. Ubundi habagaho itegeko rigenda abantu n’umuryango, rigenga abantu n’umuryango ukwaryo nir’igenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranwe, impano, n’izungura na ryo ukwaryo
Muri irangashingiro yir’itegeko rishya Inteko ishingamategko isubira kuri ayo mategeko uko ari abiri nyuma ikemeza itegeko rimwe, reka tubirebere hamwe n’uko byanditse mu itegeko nta gihindutse.
INTEKO ISHINGA AMATEGEKO:
‘’Umutwe w’Abadepite, mu nama yawo yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2024; Ishingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, cyane mu ngingo zaryo iya 17 n’iya 64; Isubiye ku Itegeko no 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango nk’uko ryahinduwe;
Isubiye ku Itegeko no 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura’’
YEMEJE:
Itegeko ryemejwe ni rishya, Itegeko No 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango
III.2.a) Ugushyingirwa n’ imyaka yo gushyingirwa
Ingingo ya 195: Gushyingiranwa kwemewe, agaka ka mbere (1)
Ugushyingiranwa k’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe gukorewe mu butegetsi bwa Leta ku bushake bwabo niko konyine kwemewe n’itegeko. Uko gushyingirwa gukorerwa ku mugaragaro imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere w’aho umwe mu bashyingirwa atuye cyangwa aba.
Ingingo ya 195: Gushyingiranwa kwemewe, agaka ka kabiri (2)
Iyo umwanditsi w’irangamimerere uvuzwe haruguru adashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose, ishyingira rikorwa n’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere umukuriye, yaba atabonetse akagena undi mwanditsi w’irangamimerere wo mu ifasi ye umusimbura.
III.2.b) Imyaka yo Gushyingirwa
Ubusanzwe itegeko ryavuyeho ryo kuwa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango
Imyaka yo gushyingirwa yari 21, no mu tegeko rishya niko bimeze ariko umuntu ugejeje byibuza imyaka 18 ashobora gusaba gushyingirwa akabyemererwa n’Umuyobozi ushinzwe irangamimerere mu Karere.
Ingingo ya 197: ‘’ (1) Imyaka yo gushyingirwa ni 21 nibura.
(2) Umuntu ufite nibura imyaka 18 y’amavuko ariko utaragira imyaka yo gushyingirwa ashobora kwemererwa’’
III.3) Igabana ry’umutungo mu gihe habaye Iseswa ry’ivangamutungo
risesuye n’inkurikizi zaryo ku bashyingiranywe.
Mu gihe habaye Ubutane, mwarasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, abari barashyingiranywe bagabana imitungo n’imyenda ku buryo bungana cyangwa ku bundi buryo bumvikanyeho. Ubwo iyo bavuze uburyo bungana bagabana mirongo itanu ku ijana buri wese (50%) iri tegeko rishya rigena ko uko kugabana kuba iyo mwamaranye byibuze imyaka itanu (5) mubanye, Ibyo biba iyo bisabwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranwe.
Ingingo ya 156: Iseswa ry’ivangamutungo risesuye n’inkurikizi zaryo
‘’ (1) Iyo ivangamutungo risesuye riseshwe ku mpamvu z’ubutane cyangwa guhindura uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo, abari barashyingiranywe bagabana imitungo n’imyenda ku buryo bungana cyangwa ku bundi buryo bumvikanyeho. Icyakora, bisabwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe bataramara imyaka itanu babana, mu gihe cy’urubanza rw’ubutane, urukiko rushobora gutegeka ko abashyingiranywe batagabana imitungo n’imyenda ku buryo bungana rumaze gusuzuma impamvu usaba ashingiraho, buri wese agahabwa ibihwanye n’uruhare rwe ku mitungo.’’
III.4) Gukora amasezerano y’imicungire y’umutungo y’ubwimvikane
w’abashyingiranywe ategurwa n’abashaka gushyingiranwa akorewe imbere ya Noteri Abashaka gushyingirwa bashobora gukora amasezerano y’ubwumvikane imbere ya Noteri y’uko bazacunga umutungo wabo, bakanavugamo uruhare rwa buri wese mu guteza imbere urugo. Ayo masezerano ishyikirizwa umwanditsi w’irangamimerere nibura
iminsi irindwi mbere y’umunsi w’ishyingirwa kugira ngo asuzume niba ibiyikubiyemo bitanyuranyije n’amategeko ndemyagihugu n’imyifatire mbonezabupfura y’Abanyarwanda.
Akiciro ka 4: Imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe ishingiye ku masezerano ategurwa n’abashaka gushyingiranwa
Ingingo ya 166: Imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe ishingiye ku masezerano ategurwa n’abashaka gushyingiranwa
Ingingo ya 167: Iby’ingenzi biranga uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe ishingiye ku masezerano ategurwa n’abashaka gushyingiranwa
Ingingo ya 168: Inyandiko mpamo y’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe ishingiye ku masezerano ategurwa n’abashaka gushyingiranwa
III.5) Abashyingiranywa si ngombwa gufata ku ibendera iyo bari kuvuga indahiro yabo
Indahiro y’abashyingiranywe ikorwa bazamuye ukuboko kw’iburyo bakurambuye naho indahiro y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere ikorwa azamuye ukuboko kw’iburyo akurambuye afashe ku ibendera ry’Igihugu n’ukuboko kw’ibumoso. Iyo umwanditsi w’irangamimerere adashoboka gufata ibendera kubera ubumuga araryambikwa.
III.6) Uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo abashyingiranwe bahisemo ntibuzongera gutangazwa mu ruhame.
Turabisanga mu ngingo numero Magana abiri n’umunani (208) agaka ka mbere (1) aho bavuga ko ‘’ku munsi w’ishyingirwa, ku bagiye kubana (couple) uburyo bahisemo bw’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe uwo munsi bashyingirwa bwandikwa mu gitabo cy’inyandiko z’abashyingiranywe no mu nyandiko y’ishyingirwa ariko ntutangazwe mu ruhame’’.
Muri iyo ngingo n’ubundi agaka ka kabiri (2)
Uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe butangira gukurikizwa bakimara gushyingirwa.
III.7) Igabana ry’umutungo mu bashakanye ivangamutungo rusange iyo umwe apfuye.
Mu gihe upfushije uwo mwashakanye, mwarasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, uzajya wemererwa kwegukana umutungo wose asize ariko ntuzemererwa kugurisha cg gutanga ibirenze 1/2.
Ibi biteganywa n’ingingo ya 375 y’iri tegeko, Itegeko rishya no 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024
III. 8) Ingingo ya 94: Kwandika umuntu wapfuye iyo byarengeje iminsi mirongo itatu (30)
Umuntu warengeje iminsi mirongo itatu atandikishije umuntu we wapfuye ntazongera gutanga ikirego ahubwo azajya yandikira umwanditsi w’irangamimerere asobanura impamvu yatinze kumwandikisha anamusabe ko amwandika.
‘’Ingingo ya 94: Kwandika umuntu wapfuye agaka ka kabiri: Uwandikisha ko umuntu yapfuye kandi yapfiriye ahatari mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi abikora mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 30 ikurikira umunsi umuntu yapfiriyeho, yitwaje icyemezo gitanzwe n’umuyobozi wo mu nzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu zegerejwe abaturage ubifitiye ububasha, hari abatangabuhamya babiri bafite nibura imyaka 18.’’
III. 9) Ingingo ya (155-4) Gutanga cyangwa kugurisha, kwikuraho umutungo w’abashyingiranywe bikorwa n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe babyemeranyijweho.
‘’Umutungo wanditse kuri umwe mu bashyingiranywe ubarirwa mu mutungo wabo mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange. Umutungo ntushobora kugurishwa, gutangwa cyangwa kuwikuraho abashyingiranywe bombi batabyemeranyijweho.’’
Urebye iyo ngingo ije gukuraho ikibazo cyangwa impaka zavuka, igihe umwe mu bashyingiranywe ivangamutungo rusange cyangwa muhahano yikuraho cg gutanga no kugurisha umutungo hatabanje kubaho ubwumvikane ku bashyingiranwe bombi. Ibi bikaba byahosha amakimbirane hagati y’abantu bakabana neza.
III.10. Amasezerano y’abashyingiranywe bagirana n’undi muntu ku kororoka.
Ingingo ya 279: Uburyo bwo kororoka
(1) Kororoka kw’abashyingiranywe bikorwa mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga hagati y’umugabo n’umugore.
Ingingo ya 279: Uburyo bwo kororoka
(2) Kororoka mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga k’umugabo n’umugore bashyingiranywe bishobora gukorwa kandi hagati yabo n’undi muntu bagiranye amasezerano hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.
III.11. Agaciro k’imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi
Kandi iri tegeko N 071/2024 ryo kuwa 26/06/2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango rigena ko mu gihe cy’urubanza rw’ubutane niba umwe mu bashyingiranywe avuga ko atagabana mu buryo bungana na mugenzi we, Umucamanza azajya aha agaciro iyo mirimo yo kwita ku rugo kari hagati y’i 10% na 39% by’agaciro k’imitungo bungutse uhereye umunsi batangiye kubana
Ibyo turabisanga mu ngingo 175 agace Kabiri (2)
‘’ Agaciro k’imirimo yo kwita ku rugo idahemberwa yakozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe cyangwa bombi kabarirwa hagati ya 10% na 39% by’umutungo bungutse uhereye ku munsi w’ishyingirwa hamaze kuvanwamo imyenda bafashe nyuma yo gushyingiranwa.’’
III.12. Impamvu z’ubutane
Iri tegeko rishya rivuga ko kudahuza kw’abashyingiranywe ari impamvu nshya yemerera abashakanye ubutane mu nkiko, kandi ko iyo mpamvu yifashishwa mu rubanza rw’ubutane.
Ingingo 248 agaka ka mbere (1)
(i) Iyo kubana bitagishobotse kubera indi mpamvu itakwihanganirwa n’umwe mu bashyingiranywe.
III.12. Umwimerere w’irage ryakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite
Mu busanzwe ukurikije itegeko N0 36/2016 ryo kuwa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango ryari risanzweho wabonaga ko riteza impaka zivutse nyuma y’urupfu rwa Nyakwigendera, impaka zivutse hagati y’abazungura zishingiye ku ihindurwa rya bimwe mu bikubiye mu irage aho bamwe barega abandi inyandiko mpimbano aho zimwe zivamo ibirego nshinjabyaha.
Ingingo ya 366 agaka ka kabiri (2) k’itegeko rishya no 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024
‘’Irage rikozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko mpamo ni irage rikorewe imbere ya noteri n’uraga cyangwa imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere w’aho uraga atuye cyangwa aba’’
Hitawe ku kuba hari ba noteri bigenga ndetse n’abanditsi n’ibirangamimere bakaba n’abakozi ba Leta irage rizajya rikorwa mu buryo bw’inyandiko mpamo imbere y’abo.
III.12. Ubufasha bwihariye buhabwa ushaka gushyingirwa ubana n’ubumuga bwo kutumva, kutavuga, cyangwa Kutabona
Iyo abagiye gushyingirwa babura igihe cy’iminsi irindwi ategura kandi agaha inyigisho irambuye abagiye gushyingirwa akabasobanurira uburenganzira n’inshingano by’abashyingiranywe n’imiterere ya buri buryo bw’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe. Ibi turabisanga mu ngingo ya Magana abiri na gatanu agaka ka mbere. (205-1)
Dukomeje ku gika cya kabiri (205-2) niho hazamo abagiye gushyingiranwa babana n’ubumuga
(2) Iyo umwe mu bagiye gushyingirwa cyangwa bombi, afite ubumuga bwo kutumva, ubwo kutavuga, ubwo kutabona cyangwa ubukomatanyije, umwanditsi w’irangamimerere agena uburyo bwo kumufasha by’umwihariko.
IV. AMATEGEKO YAVANYWEHO N’INGINGO ZIYAKURAHO
Ingingo ivanaho: Ingingo ya 404 y ’Itegeko no 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26/06/2024
Amategeko akurikira avanyweho:
Ingingo 405: Gutangira gukurikizwa ku itegeko rishya
Murakoze !!