The Illegal Aliens of America

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Native American?

Library of Congress:: Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Art. 3.?Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind,?schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity, shall from time to time be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them.

Dénouement

The Trail of Tears?

Wikipedia: In 1830, a group of Indian nations collectively referred to as the "Five Civilized Tribes" (the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, and Seminole nations), were living?autonomously?in what would later be termed the American?Deep South. The process of cultural transformation from their traditional way of life towards a?white American?way of life as proposed by?George Washington?and?Henry Knox?was gaining momentum, especially among the Cherokee and Choctaw.[13][14]

American settlers had been pressuring the federal government to remove Indians from the Southeast; many settlers were encroaching on Indian lands, while others wanted more land made available to the settlers. Although the effort was vehemently opposed by some, including?U.S. Congressman?Davy Crockett?of?Tennessee,?President?Andrew Jackson?was able to gain Congressional passage of the?Indian Removal Act?of 1830, which authorized the government to extinguish any Indian title to land claims in the Southeast.

In 1831, the Choctaw became the first Nation to be removed, and their removal served as the model for all future relocations.?After two wars, many Seminoles were removed in 1832. The Creek removal followed in 1834, the Chickasaw in 1837, and lastly the Cherokee in 1838.[12] Some managed to evade the removals, however, and remained in their ancestral homelands; some Choctaw still reside in Mississippi, Creek in Alabama and Florida, Cherokee in?North Carolina, and Seminole in Florida. A small group of Seminole, fewer than 500, evaded forced removal; the modern?Seminole Nation of Florida?is descended from these individuals.[15] A number of non-Indians who lived with the nations, including over 4,000 slaves and others of African descent such as spouses or?Freedmen,[16] also accompanied the Indians on the trek westward.[12] By 1837, 46,000 Indians from the southeastern states had been removed from their homelands, thereby opening 25?million acres (100,000?km2) for white settlement.[12][17] When the "Five Tribes" arrived in Indian Territory, "they followed their physical appropriation of Plains Indians' land with an erasure of their predecessor's history", and "perpetuated the idea that they had found an undeveloped 'wilderness" when they arrived" in an attempt to appeal to white American values by participating in the settler colonial process themselves. Other Indian nations, such as the Quapaws and Osages had moved to Indian Territory before the "Five Tribes" and saw them as intruders.[18]

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