IDENTIFICATION OF UNCOMMON AND ATYPICAL BACTERIA – HOW GOOD WE ARE? Dr.T.V.Rao MD

IDENTIFICATION OF UNCOMMON AND ATYPICAL BACTERIA – HOW GOOD WE ARE? Dr.T.V.Rao MD

Why we need a Precise identification of Bacteria – In much of the reality in most developed countries and even world over we end up with reporting the bacteria with traditional methods, doing with few traditional tests, and it was sufficient in the past there were few antibacterial options and clinical workforce have not many options to choosing the Antibiotics, however in the last two decades there was an explosion of the pharma industry, and much influenced the treating physicians, , and created feeling the Antibiotics which they are making are ultimate solution and physicians have many times believe the representatives and the beautiful literature supplied with conflicts of Interests

WE HAVE TO IMPROVE AS IT MATTERS WITH RAISE OF MDR BACTERIA and SUPER BUGS Accurate and definitive microorganism identification, including bacterial identification and pathogenicity detection, are essential for correct disease diagnosis, treatment of infections, and trace-back of disease outbreaks associated with microbial infections. Bacterial identification is of growing importance as it is used in a wide variety of applications including critical care, and growing expansion of ICU patients with MDR infections, in a majority of Hospital microbial forensics, criminal investigations, bioterrorism threats, and environmental studies. Think about a E. coli and continues to be first chapter in Enterobacteria we are poorly equipped with minimal identification just dependent on IMVIC reactions, lacks facilities of even typing the E. coli misuse of Antibiotics on a commensal many times lead to much resistance in Enteric bacteria species

HOW MUCH WE ARE USING THE GRAM STAINING A simple test and staining procedure how much we are using a great question, as many (not all) Microbiologists talk great as great scientists postgraduate directors but missing the fundamentals, and not capable of reading a gram stain are guiding the postgraduate courses,

Challenges in Bacterial Identification Traditional methods of bacterial identification rely on phenotypic identification of the causative organism using gram staining, culture, and biochemical methods. However, these methods of bacterial identification suffer from two major drawbacks. First, they can be used only for organisms that can be cultivated in vitro. Even today many of our laboratories do not have even sheep blood to make the media and human blood is used substitutes, I don’t know much about how the Antibodies present in the humans can inhibit the common human pathogens on blood agar, Some Atypical strains and some strains variants from the established species exhibit unique biochemical characteristics that do not fit into patterns that have been used as a characteristic of any known genus and species. WHEN WE TEST WITH MOLECULAR METHODS THEY PROVE TO BE VARIANT OF THE ORIGINAL GENUS OR SPECIES, WE START Naming AS NEWER OR UNKNOWN ISOLATE AND FIT FOR ACADEMIC PUBLICATION, However, if we have little patience little observation we can improve the matters in better identification even using a Microscopy and gram stain will help improve the matters at least in few cases, or at least gross error reports can be reduced,

WHY WE NEED MORE ACCURATE RESULTS - IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES The correct identification of microorganisms is of fundamental importance to microbial systematizes as well as to scientists/ Medical Microbiologists involved in many other areas of applied research and. Increased use of automation and user-friendly software makes these technologies more widely available. In all, the detection of infectious agents at the nucleic acid level represents a true synthesis of clinical chemistry and clinical microbiology techniques (Cook et al., 2003; Cohen and Smith, 1964; Tang et al., 1997).

UPCOMING SOLUTIONS Several non-culture-based methods have emerged in the past 10 to 15 years. Real-time PCR and microarrays are currently the most commonly employed molecular techniques. Real-time PCR is highly sensitive and allows quantification of bacteria at a species level. Micro array-based bacterial identification relies on the hybridization of preamplifier bacterial DNA sequences to arrayed species-specific oligonucleotides. Each probe is tagged with a different colored dye which fluoresces upon hybridization.

NEW TOOLS IN IDENTIFICATION OF UNCOMMON ISOLATES – Vitek 2 has come to our laboratories we can assure a quality of reports with at least 90% of the isolates of Bacteria with some solution not to make great errors and provide standardized antibiograms In recent years, real-time PCR methods have been developed and described for the rapid detection and identification of several bacterial strains. Real-time PCR is a promising tool for distinguishing specific sequences from a complex mixture of DNA and therefore is useful for determining the presence and quantity of pathogen-specific or other unique sequences within a sample. Real-time PCR facilitates rapid detection of low amounts of bacterial DNA accelerating therapeutic decisions and enabling an earlier adequate antibiotic treatment.

CONFLICTS IN THE LABORATORY – With all the limitation the system look to the facts most and many Medical colleges have no quality-assured Microscopes, if we really investigate the matters most oil immersion lenses are with chromatic errors, and certainly miss the good of even Gram stain even the microscopes provided to postgraduates are of poor quality Many qualified microbiologists have their own work culture of hardly few are interested in a discussion on academics, and group ism dogmatism has become the work culture in many educational institutes and the system suffers, and clinician lose the confidence in the laboratory system No journal with reasonable impact factor wish to publish uncommon isolates as academic matter with all the manipulations for the greed of publishing, distorting facts on basics in isolation of bacteria, WE CERTAINLY NEED A NEW VISION TO IMPROVE THE MATTERS

References -Identifying bacteria Premier bio soft – research in biosciences (Open source knowledge for the betterment of science) Formulated by Dr.T.V.Rao MD open source knowledge base in Infectious diseases