- Overview Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. It primarily affects the respiratory tract and is a leading cause of respiratory infections worldwide.
- Epidemiology Identified in 2001, hMPV affects people of all ages but is more severe in infants, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised patients. Seasonal outbreaks typically occur in late winter and spring, similar to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
- Transmission Spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Highly contagious, with an incubation period of 4–6 days.
- Symptoms Causes mild cold-like symptoms, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. Severe cases can lead to bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or acute respiratory distress, particularly in high-risk groups.
- Diagnosis Diagnosed using molecular tests like RT-PCR to detect hMPV RNA in respiratory samples. Immunofluorescence and antigen detection are also used in clinical settings.
- Treatment No specific antiviral treatment is available; management is primarily supportive. Oxygen therapy, hydration, and mechanical ventilation may be needed in severe cases.
- Prevention Good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and respiratory etiquette, reduce transmission. Research on vaccines and antiviral therapies is ongoing.
- Clinical Importance Awareness of hMPV is crucial for differential diagnosis, especially during seasonal outbreaks of respiratory infections.
Human Metapneumovirus remains a significant public health concern, necessitating further research and surveillance efforts.
