HTML

HTML

What is HTML?

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create and structure content on the web. It forms the foundation of nearly all web pages, allowing you to define the structure and layout of text, links, images, multimedia, and interactive elements. HTML uses a series of tags and attributes to organize and present content on the web.


Core Concepts of HTML

  1. Elements: HTML consists of elements (or tags) that define different types of content. These elements are used to structure the content on the web page.
  2. Tags: Tags are the building blocks of HTML. They are used to mark up content, and each tag typically comes in pairs: an opening tag and a closing tag.
  3. Attributes: Tags can have attributes, which provide additional information about the element. Attributes are placed inside the opening tag.


Basic HTML Structure

A simple HTML document is structured like this:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>My First Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Web Page</h1>
    <p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
</body>
</html>
        

Explanation:

  • <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type, informing the browser that this is an HTML5 document.
  • <html>: The root element that wraps the entire content.
  • <head>: Contains metadata (like the title, character set, etc.), which doesn't appear directly on the webpage.
  • <body>: Contains all the content that is visible to the user on the webpage (text, images, links, etc.).


Common HTML Elements and Their Usage

  1. Headings: HTML offers six levels of headings, from <h1> to <h6>. The <h1> tag represents the highest (most important) level of heading, and <h6> represents the smallest.
  2. Paragraphs: The <p> tag is used to define paragraphs of text.
  3. Links: The <a> (anchor) tag is used to create hyperlinks. The href attribute specifies the URL the link points to.
  4. Images: The <img> tag is used to embed images. The src attribute specifies the image file path, and the alt attribute provides alternative text for the image (useful for accessibility).
  5. Lists: HTML supports two types of lists:
  6. Forms: HTML forms are used to collect user input. A form is created using the <form> tag, and input fields are added using the <input> tag.


Basic HTML Tags Overview:

Element Description Example <html> The root element of the HTML document <html>...</html> <head> Contains metadata, links to styles, scripts <head>...</head> <title> Defines the title of the webpage <title>My Page</title> <body> Contains the content of the webpage <body>...</body> <h1>–<h6> Headings, from the largest to smallest <h1>Title</h1> <p> Defines a paragraph of text <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <a> Defines a hyperlink <a href="url">Link</a> <img> Embeds an image <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description"> <ul> Unordered list (bulleted) <ul><li>Item</li></ul> <ol> Ordered list (numbered) <ol><li>Item</li></ol> <li> List item (used in <ul> and <ol>) <li>Item</li>


Conclusion

HTML is a vital part of web development, acting as the skeleton of web pages. It structures content, defines elements like text, links, images, forms, and much more. By mastering HTML basics, you can start building simple, well-structured web pages and move on to more advanced topics like styling with CSS and adding interactivity with JavaScript.


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