HPV: Can we defeat this deadly virus?

HPV: Can we defeat this deadly virus?

HPV causes 1 in 20 cancers worldwide. High risk HPV infection is found in?almost all (99%)?of cervical cancers.?Cervical cancer is a cancer of a woman's cervix (the entrance to the womb), known as Geb?rmutterhalskrebs in German. ?

1. What is HPV?

HPV stands for ‘human papillomavirus’, which is a group of more than 100 viruses,?and most do not cause any problems.?Each human papillomavirus has its own number or type. The term "papilloma" refers to a kind of wart that results from some HPV types. ?

About 60 of the 100 HPV types cause warts on areas like the hands or?feet.?The other 40 or so enter the body during sexual contact. They’re drawn to the body's mucous membranes, such as the moist layers around the anus and genitals.?

Not all of the 40 sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses cause serious health problems. ?

2. Which high-risk HPV Types cause cancer??

Certain types are considered high risk and increase the risk of cancer. High-risk HPV strains include HPV 16 and 18, which cause about 70% of cervical cancers. Other high-risk human papillomaviruses include 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others.?

3. What low-risk HPV Types cause in our body??

Low-risk HPV strains, such as HPV 6 and 11, cause about 90% of genital warts, which rarely develop into cancer. These growths can look like bumps. Sometimes, they’re shaped like cauliflower. The warts can show up weeks or months after you’ve had sex with an infected partner.?

HPV is very common, meaning most people will be infected with a form of HPV in their lifetime. HPV infection is most common in people in their late teens and early 20s.?

4. How is HPV transmitted??

HPV is mostly transmitted due to close skin-to-skin touching. As it is often seen in genital areas, it is also accepted as a sexually transmitted disease.?

Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, even if you have had sexual intercourse with only one person. ?

You can get HPV from:?

  • any skin-to-skin contact of the genital area?
  • vaginal, anal or oral sex?
  • sharing sex toys?

Although HPV is usually passed through sexual contact, you can also get it if you have never had sex. Also, a mother can pass HPV to her baby during birth, but this is very rare.?

5. What are the symptoms of HPV infection??

Often, HPV infections cause no symptoms, and the body clears the infection on its own in a few years. Many people never know they were infected with HPV.?

But sometimes an infection with high-risk types of HPV will last longer. This can cause changes in the cells of the cervix that could lead to cancer, including?vulvar cancer. The same thing could cause abnormal changes in cells of the?penis?and anus, but this is rare.?

The symptoms of a low-risk HPV infection are warts. The kind of warts you get will depend on which kind of HPV you have.?

  • Genital warts:?These are either flat spots or raised bumps. In women, they usually grow on the vulva, but can also show up on the anus, cervix, or vagina. Men get them on the penis, scrotum, or anus.?
  • Common warts:?These rough bumps typically show up on the hands and fingers.?
  • Plantar warts:?Plantar warts are hard, grainy, painful bumps that affect the bottom of your feet.?
  • Flat warts:?These are slightly raised spots with a flat top. You can get them anywhere, but they’re common on the face and legs.?

6. Testing for Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

Your doctor may be able to tell you have HPV just by examining your warts. But there are also several tests they can use if you don’t have symptoms you can see.?

  • Vinegar solution test:?This test uses a vinegar (acetic acid ) solution. Your doctor applies it to your genital area. If you have lesions in the area, they’ll turn white.?
  • Pap test:?Your doctor uses a swab to collect samples from your cervix or?vagina. They send the samples to a lab to see if you have abnormal cells. Abnormal cells can lead to cancer.?
  • DNA test:?If you’re a woman over 30, your doctor may recommend this test along with a?Pap-test. They look at the DNA of the cells of your cervix to see if you have the type of HPV that can lead to cancer.?

?7. Can we protect ourselves from HPV infection??

?You cannot fully protect yourself against HPV, but there are things that can help.?

  • Condoms can help protect you against HPV, but they do not cover all the skin around your genitals, so you're not fully protected.?
  • To lower your risk, you can also limit the number of partners you have. And you can choose partners who've had few or no?partners before you.?
  • Three?vaccines?- Cervarix,?Gardasil, and Gardasil-9 - protect against HPV. They’re available for free to boys and girls as young as 9 and adults up to the age of 26 (depending on the country you are living in). All three guard against HPV 16 and 18. Gardasil and Gardasil-9 are also effective against HPV 6 and 11, which cause most genital warts. Gardasil-9 also covers against the high-risk strains 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.?

8. Which cancer screening methods are available for women??

Since 2018 in Germany women over 35 years old are offered a combination examination of Pap-Test together with HPV test, which is paid by the health insurance every three years. Patients can still request both tests and pay the price of HPV test individually, in case of request every year. This is a part of annual cancer screening for women, which I recommend every woman young or adult. ?

9. Until which age could an adult get HPV vaccination??

Everyone through age 26 years should get HPV vaccine if they were not fully vaccinated already.?

HPV vaccination is?not?recommended?for?everyone older than age 26 years. Nevertheless, ?

  • Some adults aged 27 through 45 years who were not already vaccinated might choose to get HPV vaccine after speaking with their doctor about their risk for new HPV infections and possible benefits of vaccination for them.?
  • HPV vaccination of adults provides less benefit, because more people in this age range were exposed to HPV already.?
  • Among vaccinated women, the percentage of cervical precancers caused by the HPV types most often linked to cervical cancer has dropped by 40 percent.?

In 2018 FDA has authorised HPV vaccine Gardasil??9 for adults up to 45 years old.

The choice of vaccination depends on the patient, if they wish to receive extra protection or not. Check for Cochrane review to read further information on the study. ?

10. How many doses Gardasil??9 of are necessary for prevention of cancer??

You as an adult and/or your child will need 2 or 3 doses of the vaccine, depending on how old you are.?

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https://www.fda.gov/media/90070/download#:~:text=GARDASIL%209%20is%20a%20shot,as%202%20or%203%20shots.

The vaccine is prescribed by your doctor and applied in pharmacies or by nurses at the clinics. In Germany, each dose of Gardasil??9 costs 162 Euro, and for whole 3 doses you would pay approximately 480 € for the full HPV protection as an adult. ?

In 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?approved?the HPV vaccine to prevent even more cancers: head and neck cancers, like those in the back of the throat or base of the tongue.?


?As you could identify yourselves, HPV is a hidden enemy. Nevertheless there are ways to protect our loved ones from such a contagious and infectious virus.

And if we can just decrease the risk of getting cancer, by visiting our doctor regularly for annual check-up & tests, also get a vaccination against HPV, isn't it a fare deal?

Wishing you all many healthy days in your life time.

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Yours truly,

G?k?ehan Pürs?ken


Sources:

https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/pubinfo/schoolprog/hpv/hpv-human-papillomavirus/ ?

https://www.cancer.ie/cancer-information-and-support/cancer-information/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/hpv ?

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/human-papilloma-virus-hpv/ ?

https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/hpv-virus-information-about-human-papillomavirus ?

https://www.rki.de/SharedDocs/FAQ/Impfen/HPV/FAQ-Liste_HPV_Impfen.html ?

https://www.ndr.de/ratgeber/gesundheit/Krebs-durch-Viren-HPV-Impfung-fuer-Maenner,hpvimpfung101.html ?

https://deutsch.medscape.com/artikelansicht/4907375 ?

https://www.fda.gov/media/90070/download#:~:text=GARDASIL%209%20is%20a%20shot,as%202%20or%203%20shots .?

https://www.mskcc.org/news/think-you-re-too-old-get-hpv-vaccine-prevent-cancer-maybe-not ?

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So powerful to dedicate to these incredible women! ?? Helen Keller once said, "Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much." Let's unite in awareness and action against HPV to protect and empower each other. ?? #TogetherStronger #HPVAwareness #ProtectAndServe

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