HOW POWER MAGICIANS UNBELIEVINGLY & STATE/ NONSTATE ACTORS ARE BELIEVINGLY DOING PIGEON FREEING CEREMONY AGAIN FOR ELITE-CAPTURE OF PAKISTAN?

Worthy audience having seen the current gimmickry of the political pundits of Gwal-Manidi, Model Town & Jati Umra, we are even more puzzled with the news of full-fledged bureaucratic, administration &believingly judicial as well as establishment favorable inclination towards not to disappoint Nawaz Sharif again so as to be given Premiership chance once more. Therefore baptizing of the most disdainful convict of Pakistan history & proven anti-military & pro-Indian slant & pro-Israeli mother selling for US $ tilt of top PMLN leadership…What a culture, religion & faith don’t we have to justify all of this U-Turn ploy, besides assumingly Bajwa Sahib fiascos or “THOOK KE CHTTNA” demagogy of Nawaz Sharif. Folks most recently in a statement, the World Bank’s country chief said that Pakistan should decide whether it wanted to remain a “laggard with 43 percent population living below the poverty line or change course to take off for a brighter future.” He blamed elite capture and policy decisions driven by strong stakes of the military, political and business leaders for the mess.?

• The World Bank’s pointed out that Pakistan had been facing numerous economic hardships including inflation, rising electricity prices, severe climate shocks, and insufficient public resources to finance development and climate adaptation when the country was among the most vulnerable to climate change impact.
• What the World Bank official said provides a reality check for the country’s poor plight. Pakistan is facing an existential threat with worsening human resource capital and an economic crisis.
• According to the World Bank, Pakistan’s per capita income is the lowest in South Asia. The country has the dubious distinction of having the highest out-of-school children in the world.
• The worsening economic situation has severely affected the majority of its citizens, especially low and middle-income segments and small businesses.

1. ??Worthy audience “Elite Capture”?is a form of?corruption?whereby public resources are?biased?for the benefit of a few individuals of superior?social status?in detriment to the welfare of the larger population. Elites are groups of individuals who, because of self-ratifying factors such as social class, asset?ownership, religious affiliations ,?political power, historic?discrimination?among social groups, political party affiliation, or economic position, have decision-making power in processes of public concern.

• This specific form of corruption occurs when elites use?public funds, originally intended to be invested in services that benefit the larger population, to fund projects that would only benefit them. This form of corruption is differentiated from outright criminal corruption such as?embezzlement,?misappropriation, or other diversion of funds by a?public official.
• Elite capture is related to?information asymmetry, inefficient regulation or inefficient allocation of resources. This causes a siphoning of resources by elite middlemen through legal practices such as noncompetitive tender of contracts, excessive pricing and overcharging, which result in fewer and fewer proportion of a government project's budget being spent on the declared mission. This causes a biased distribution of a public good or a service, resulting a situation wherein certain segments of the population experience reduced access to these public goods. In this context, as long as there is elite capture, the welfare impact will not be?Pareto Optimal?nor equitable.

2.? Elite Capture In Decentralization. Worthy readers since long, it was thought that creating?decentralized?governments would avoid the limitations of a single planner in society. A?centralized government?often lacks knowledge and might be subject of?lobbying, leaving certain territories unattended.[3]?On the other hand, theory predicts that when people are involved in governing and have representation in decision making, public spending is supposed to be more efficient, more equitable and more sustainable. However, despite the theoretical predictions, the outcomes of many development projects in?decentralized?governments have not met these expectations.[4]?By yielding power to smaller units, money should be more efficiently distributed, but local governments are more vulnerable to?pressure groups. Failure can occur when particular subgroups of the community are able to mobilize resources to further their own self-interest at the expense of the broader community. Local governments are even more vulnerable to capture by local elites than national governments.[5]?Attempts to reduce elite capture in decentralized governments range from going back to a heavily centralized planner to providing citizens with funds to initiate projects. This last option has been criticized because the citizens’ ability and skills to actually implement programs may be weaker than that of local leaders.[6]?According to the?World Bank, development assistance is vulnerable to manipulation or hijack by elites, independently of the form that the assistance may take, because such aid it requires governmental or private agency to ensure transfer to households. It is in this intermediary stage where instances of elite capture are most common. Be it centralized or decentralized government, there is a risk of ineffective public resource delivery involved, where part of the local population will receive more than the rest of the local population. This situation has welfare consequences.

• What is the concept of the elite theory?The theory posits that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, holds the most power—and that this power is independent of democratic elections.
• What is Pareto's theory of elites?The circulation of elite is a theory of regime change described by Italian sociologist Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923). Changes of regime, revolutions, and so on occur not when rulers are overthrown from below, but when one elite replaces another.
• What is an example of an elitist?Elitism based on some element of social status such as youth, physical appearance or coolness. For example,?a hiring manager who believes that only "beautiful people" make good salespeople.
• What are the types of elites?This group includes bureaucratic, corporate, intellectual, military, media, and government elites who control the principal institutions in the United States and whose opinions and actions influence the decisions of the policymakers.

3?? .Alternative solutions. Worthy audience, first, elite capture of public resources by local elites can be relatively lessened by the presence of media to balance the?asymmetry of information.?Empirical studies?have shown that government responsiveness and accountability to ensure equal distribution of public goods and avoid elite capture is related to the availability of information and general levels of awareness among the local population.?Second, the ‘counter-elite’ approach to deal with elite capture advocates challenging elites by completely excluding them in the implementation of projects. It assumes that all elites are inherently bad. By raising public awareness of power inequalities and building local capacity, this approach suggests that community empowerment and political citizenship would be effective in resisting elite domination. This approach is not necessarily effective in challenging elite domination, due to structural dependence of poor people on elites and the weakening of established institutions. Third, the ‘co-opt-elite’ approach suggests that cooperation with elites, rather than confrontation, is the solution to alleviating?poverty. It asserts that not all elites are bad, and some of them can play a constructive role in community development. It also assumes a pragmatic use of elites’ networks and resources can benefit poor communities. The ‘counter-elite’ approach is not necessarily effective in eroding elite power, and risks legitimizing the authority of the elites and worsening inequality.