How to Outline a Novel PT. 1

How to Outline a Novel PT. 1

Hi there, Darlings! I'm excited to dive into the fascinating world of outlining a novel with you today. Don't worry, we won't be here as long as you might think. So, let's get started and have some fun!

Note: this is a longish post and relies on my preferences?and experience.

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When it comes to outlining your story, you may hear some people insist that the more detail, the better. However, let's be real, we don't want to get bogged down with trivial details like how the trash is being disposed of in our fantasy world, right?

No way, we're all too busy to devote that much time and energy to it! Personally, I have two versions of an outline that I like to use. The first is a basic outline, which works well for stories set in a world similar to our own, or stories that draw from existing myths or legends like Supernatural, Paranormal or Greek Mythology.

The second outline is a bit more detailed, but don't worry, it's not as complicated as some people make it out to be. Since creating a unique Fantasy or Sci-Fi world requires a bit more thought, this outline helps you add in those extra details without overwhelming you. To use it, you'll start with the basic outline, and then add some additional information to create the more detailed version.

In this blog post, I'll be sharing some insights into why certain elements are essential in your outline (for those who love to write but don't know all the 'why's' when it comes to certain things), and how they can make a huge impact on both your writing process and the readers who pick up your book. And don't worry, I've got you covered at the end with a summarized version of each outline - minus all the extra details - so you can simply copy and paste it for your own use.

Without further ado, let's dive in and start with the basics of outlining your novel!

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I hope you've got a tiny inkling of what your story might be about - whether it's a character with a vague purpose, an antagonist with an unclear hero, or even just a cool world with no plot in mind yet. Whatever it may be, it's totally okay to start with just a little dot of information. The important thing is that you've got something to work with!

Book Information.

Starting a novel can be a daunting task, but having the right information can make a world of difference. Let's go over the three key aspects you should consider before diving in: Genre, Trope, and Target Audience.

First up is Genre, which is the category or type of book your story fits into. Once you've picked your genre, you can explore the different tropes that are commonly used within it. A trope is a recurring literary device or theme that helps readers understand the story and its themes.

By combining your chosen genre and tropes, you can begin to define your Target Audience. This is the group of readers who are most likely to enjoy your story based on its genre and themes. It's important to remember that you don't have to stick to just one genre or trope, and that exploring multiple options can help you find the perfect combination for your story.

Genre:

Choosing the right genre for a book is super important because it gives readers a sense of what to expect in terms of plot, themes, tone, and style. Think of genres as categories that books fall into based on their subject matter, writing style, and intended audience. For instance, a mystery novel is all about solving a crime or puzzle, while a romance novel is all about lovey-dovey relationships.

Knowing a book's genre can be helpful for readers who are searching for stories that interest them. Plus, it can help publishers and booksellers market and sell books to the right audience. For writers, it's helpful to stick within the conventions of a genre while still adding their own unique perspective.

All in all, genres make life easier for everyone involved in the book world, from writers to readers to publishers. They help us understand the style and content of a book and make communication and engagement between authors and audiences so much smoother!

With so many genres to choose from, it can be overwhelming to decide which one is right for your story. But don't worry, I'm here to help! Let me give you a quick rundown of some of the most popular genres out there and how they can shape your story:

Romance

Plot: Focuses on the development of a romantic relationship between two characters.

Theme: Love, passion, and relationships.

Tone: Emotionally charged, often with elements of humor or drama.

Style: Emphasizes character development and emotional depth.

Mystery

Plot: Involves a crime or puzzle that needs to be solved.

Theme: Crime, justice, and the human psyche.

Tone: Suspenseful and atmospheric, often with a dark or gritty tone.

Style: Tightly plotted, with clues and red herrings that keep readers guessing.

Science Fiction

Plot: Often involves futuristic or speculative elements, such as space travel, aliens, or advanced technology.

Theme: Exploration, innovation, and the impact of technology on society.

Tone: Can be serious or lighthearted, depending on the focus of the story.

Style: Imaginative and creative, with an emphasis on world-building and scientific accuracy.

Fantasy

Plot: Often involves a magical or supernatural world, with mythical creatures and/or magical powers.

Theme: Good versus evil, heroism, and the power of imagination.

Tone: Can be dark or lighthearted, depending on the focus of the story.

Style: Richly detailed and descriptive, with an emphasis on world-building and creating a sense of wonder.

Historical Fiction

Plot: Set in a specific time period in history, often with real historical figures and events.

Theme: The human experience and the impact of history on individuals and society.

Tone: Often serious and thought-provoking, with an emphasis on authenticity.

Style: Meticulously researched and detailed, with an emphasis on historical accuracy and atmosphere.

Thriller

Plot: Typically involves high stakes, danger, and tension, with a focus on action and suspense.

Theme: Danger, survival, and morality.

Tone: Tense and exciting, with a sense of urgency and danger.

Style: Fast-paced and plot-driven, with a focus on action and suspense.

Horror

Plot: Focuses on creating a sense of fear, dread, or terror in the reader.

Theme: Fear, darkness, and the unknown.

Tone: Dark and ominous, with elements of terror and suspense.

Style: Often graphic and unsettling, with a focus on atmospheric setting and vivid descriptions of gore or violence.

Young Adult (YA)

Plot: Typically features teenage protagonists dealing with coming-of-age issues, such as identity, relationships, and personal growth.

Theme: Identity, belonging, and the transition to adulthood.

Tone: Often earnest and emotional, with a focus on relatable characters and experiences.

Style: Accessible and engaging, with a focus on character development and relatable themes.

Literary Fiction

Plot: Emphasizes character development and exploration of ideas, often without a clear plot-driven structure.

Theme: Human experience, social issues, and the complexities of life.

Tone: Serious and contemplative, with an emphasis on emotional depth and complexity.

Style: Often stylistically experimental or unconventional, with a focus on character psychology and introspection.

Comedy

Plot: Emphasizes humor and satire, often with a focus on exaggerated characters and situations.

Theme: Laughter, joy, and the absurdity of life.

Tone: Light and comedic, with an emphasis on humor and wit.

Style: Often fast-paced and filled with witty banter and humorous observations.

Western

Plot: Set in the American West during the 19th century, often with a focus on cowboys, outlaws, and frontier life.

Theme: Courage, survival, and rugged individualism.

Tone: Rustic and tough, with an emphasis on adventure and action.

Style: Often descriptive and atmospheric, with a focus on the unique landscape and culture of the American West.

Dystopian

Plot: Set in a society or world that has become dark, oppressive, or dysfunctional, often as a result of a catastrophic event.

Theme: Freedom, rebellion, and the dangers of totalitarianism.

Tone: Bleak and pessimistic, with an emphasis on the dangers of conformity and control.

Style: Often atmospheric and descriptive, with a focus on world-building and the exploration of dystopian themes.

Sub-Genre:

As a writer, you've probably heard of sub-genres before. They're like categories or subcategories within a broader genre, based on specific themes, settings, plot elements, or writing style. These sub-genres help to further define and categorize works of literature within a broader genre, making it easier for readers to find books that align with their interests.

For example, in the broad genre of science fiction, there are many different sub-genres like cyberpunk, space opera, hard science fiction, and more. Each sub-genre has its own unique characteristics and themes that differentiate it from other types of science fiction. Likewise, in the genre of mystery, there are sub-genres like cozy mysteries, police procedurals, and psychological thrillers, each with its distinct elements and themes.

Romance

Historical romance: These stories are set in the past and often explore themes of social norms and historical events. They can be sweeping epics or more intimate love stories, and the writing style can be more formal or descriptive.

Contemporary romance: Set in the present day, these stories often explore modern relationships, dating, and career aspirations. They can be light and funny or emotional and dramatic, with a more conversational and informal writing style.

Paranormal romance: These stories feature supernatural elements like vampires, werewolves, and witches. They can explore forbidden love, good versus evil, and the challenges of having supernatural abilities. The tone can be dark and moody or romantic and sexy, and the writing style often includes descriptive world-building.

Romantic suspense: Combining romance and suspense, these stories often involve a heroine in danger who is protected by a hero. They can be fast-paced and action-packed, with a tense and dramatic tone and a plot-driven writing style.

Inspirational romance: These stories often explore themes of faith, redemption, and personal growth. They can involve characters overcoming obstacles and finding hope in their beliefs, with an uplifting and hopeful tone and a focus on character development and inner dialogue.

Erotic romance: These stories feature explicit sexual content and explore themes of passion and desire. They can involve characters exploring their sexuality and forming intense emotional connections, with a sensual and steamy tone and a descriptive and graphic writing style.

LGBTQ+ romance: These stories feature same-sex or non-binary relationships and explore themes of identity, acceptance, and overcoming societal norms. They can be heartfelt and emotional, with a writing style that varies depending on the sub-genre (like historical, contemporary, or paranormal).

Western romance: These stories are set in the American West and often involve cowboys, ranchers, and outlaws. They can explore themes of rugged individualism, adventure, and romance, with a rugged and outdoorsy tone and a writing style that includes descriptive landscapes and dialect.

Fantasy romance: These stories combine elements of fantasy and romance and often involve mythical creatures, magic, and epic journeys. They can explore forbidden love, quests, and battles between good and evil, with a sweeping and grand tone and a writing style that includes descriptive world-building.

Multicultural romance: These stories feature characters from diverse cultural backgrounds and explore themes of identity, family, and tradition. They can involve characters navigating cultural differences and forming deep connections, with a sensitive and heartfelt tone and a writing style that varies depending on the sub-genre (like historical or contemporary).

Mystery

Cozy Mystery: Cozy mysteries are often set in small, quaint towns or villages, and feature an amateur sleuth who solves a murder or series of murders. The tone is light and often humorous, with a focus on character and relationships rather than graphic violence or sex.

Police Procedural: Police procedurals focus on the investigation process of a crime, and often feature a professional law enforcement detective as the main character. The plot is driven by the methods used to solve the crime, and the tone is often gritty and realistic.

Hard-Boiled Mystery: Hard-boiled mysteries feature tough, cynical detectives who operate outside of the law to solve crimes. The tone is dark and gritty, with a focus on violence and corruption.

Historical Mystery: Historical mysteries are set in the past and often feature famous historical figures or events as part of the plot. The tone is often atmospheric, with a focus on the historical setting and culture.

Amateur Sleuth: Amateur sleuth mysteries feature a non-professional detective as the main character, such as a journalist, librarian, or chef. The tone is often lighthearted and cozy, with a focus on the amateur detective's unique skills and abilities.

Legal Thriller: Legal thrillers often involve legal proceedings or courtroom drama as part of the plot. The main character is often a lawyer or judge, and the tone is often intense and suspenseful.

Noir: Noir mysteries are characterized by their dark and pessimistic tone, with flawed characters and morally ambiguous situations. The focus is on the psychological aspects of crime, rather than the procedural.

Romantic Suspense: Romantic suspense combines elements of both romance and mystery, with a focus on the relationship between the main characters as well as the suspenseful plot.

Whodunit: Whodunit mysteries are characterized by their focus on the puzzle-like aspect of solving a crime, with a twist ending revealing the identity of the culprit. The tone is often light and playful, with a focus on the clues and red herrings that lead up to the solution.

Science Fiction.

Cyberpunk: This sub-genre typically features a near-future, dystopian setting in which advanced technology has both empowered and oppressed society. The tone is often gritty and dark, with a focus on the impact of technology on human identity.

Space Opera: This sub-genre is characterized by grand-scale adventures and space battles set in a future where humanity has colonized the galaxy. The tone is often adventurous and heroic, with an emphasis on world-building and exploration.

Post-Apocalyptic: This sub-genre is set in a world after a major catastrophe or disaster, and focuses on the struggle for survival and rebuilding of society. The tone is often bleak and pessimistic, with themes of isolation, desperation, and survival.

Alternate History: This sub-genre explores what would happen if key historical events had played out differently, resulting in a different present-day world. The tone and themes can vary widely depending on the point of divergence in history.

Hard Science Fiction: This sub-genre emphasizes scientific accuracy and plausibility in its exploration of speculative concepts and technologies. The tone can vary, but often has a focus on problem-solving and logical deduction.

Time Travel: This sub-genre involves characters traveling through time to alter the course of history or prevent a catastrophic event. The tone can vary widely depending on the consequences of altering history.

Alien Invasion: This sub-genre typically features humans struggling to defend Earth from an alien invasion. The tone is often action-packed and suspenseful, with a focus on survival and overcoming seemingly insurmountable odds.

Steampunk: This sub-genre is set in a world where steam power is the dominant technology, often featuring Victorian-era settings and aesthetics. The tone is often adventurous and fantastical, with an emphasis on creativity and innovation.

Military Science Fiction: This sub-genre typically involves soldiers and military units in futuristic settings, often featuring advanced technology and alien races. The tone is often action-packed and focused on combat and strategy.

Biopunk: This sub-genre explores the implications of biotechnology and genetic engineering, often featuring genetic modification of organisms or humans. The tone can be dark and cautionary, with themes of ethics and control.

Cyberprep: This sub-genre is a hybrid of cyberpunk and preppy fashion, featuring high-tech and high-fashion elements in a futuristic setting. The tone can be lighthearted and satirical, with a focus on fashion and style.

Space Western: This sub-genre combines science fiction and Western themes, often featuring space cowboys and frontier settlements on distant planets. The tone is often adventurous and action-packed, with a focus on individualism and freedom.

Slipstream: This sub-genre blends elements of science fiction with surrealism, often featuring strange or unexplained phenomena. The tone can be dreamlike and ambiguous, with a focus on atmosphere and mood.

New Wave: This sub-genre emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, featuring experimental and avant-garde styles and themes. The tone can be unconventional and challenging, with a focus on literary techniques and subversion of traditional science fiction tropes.

Mundane Science Fiction: This sub-genre emphasizes realism and plausibility in its exploration of near-future technology and societal developments. The tone is often introspective and critical, with a focus on the impact of technology on everyday life.

Fantasy

High Fantasy/Epic Fantasy: This sub-genre is characterized by a richly developed fictional world, often with its own history, geography, and mythology. The plot often centers on a hero's journey or quest to save the world or defeat evil. The tone is often grand and epic, with a focus on magic, destiny, and larger-than-life conflicts.

Urban Fantasy: This sub-genre is set in a contemporary, urban setting, often featuring supernatural elements like vampires, werewolves, and witches. The tone can be dark and gritty, with a focus on action, suspense, and the clash between the supernatural and the mundane.

Historical Fantasy: This sub-genre is set in a historical period, often featuring elements of magic and the supernatural. The tone can be romantic and atmospheric, with a focus on historical accuracy as well as fantastical elements.

Fairy Tale Retellings: This sub-genre reimagines classic fairy tales with new twists and perspectives. The tone can range from whimsical to dark and brooding, with a focus on themes of transformation and the power of storytelling.

Mythic Fantasy: This sub-genre draws on elements of myth and folklore, often featuring gods, goddesses, and other supernatural beings. The tone can be mystical and spiritual, with a focus on themes of destiny, fate, and the search for meaning.

Dark Fantasy: This sub-genre often features supernatural or horror elements, and may have a bleak or nihilistic tone. The plot can involve antiheroes or morally ambiguous characters, and may explore themes of power, corruption, and redemption.

Portal Fantasy: This sub-genre involves characters who travel between different worlds or dimensions, often featuring a contrast between the magical and the mundane. The tone can be adventurous and whimsical, with a focus on exploration and discovery.

Sword and Sorcery: This sub-genre features heroes who are skilled with weapons and magic, often set in a medieval-inspired world. The tone can be action-packed and swashbuckling, with a focus on adventure, combat, and daring exploits.

Comic Fantasy: This sub-genre combines elements of fantasy and humor, often featuring absurd or satirical elements. The tone is often lighthearted and comedic, with a focus on wordplay, satire, and parody.

Paranormal Romance: This sub-genre combines elements of romance and fantasy, often featuring supernatural love interests like vampires or werewolves. The tone can be romantic and steamy, with a focus on passion, desire, and forbidden love.

Steampunk Fantasy: This sub-genre is set in a world where steam power and clockwork technology are the norm. The plot often involves a mix of adventure, science fiction, and fantasy elements. The tone is often gritty and industrial, and the style is characterized by a Victorian aesthetic and the use of intricate machinery.

Contemporary Fantasy: This sub-genre takes place in the present day and features magic and fantastical elements that coexist with the mundane world. The plot often involves characters discovering or coming to terms with their magical abilities. The tone is often lighthearted, and the style is characterized by blending magic and realism.

Magical Realism: This sub-genre blends elements of the fantastical with the ordinary, creating a world where magic is a natural part of everyday life. The plot often explores the intersection between the magical and the real, with characters struggling to make sense of their extraordinary experiences. The tone is often dreamlike, and the style is characterized by richly descriptive prose.

Historical Fiction.

Historical romance: Set in a specific historical period, the plot centers on a romantic relationship between characters. The theme may focus on societal expectations, class differences, or political intrigue. The tone is usually romantic, with elements of drama and tension. The style emphasizes historical accuracy and details, such as costumes, settings, and dialogue.

Alternate history: The plot imagines an alternate version of history, where events unfold differently from what actually happened. The theme may explore the consequences of different choices or highlight how different societies might have evolved. The tone can range from serious to playful, depending on the author's intent. The style often emphasizes world-building, creating a detailed and believable alternate reality.

Historical fantasy: Combining elements of historical fiction and fantasy, this subgenre often involves magical or supernatural elements. The plot may center on a quest or adventure set in a specific historical period, with magical or mythical creatures and events. The theme often explores the intersection of history and fantasy, highlighting how beliefs and legends shape society. The tone can be fantastical or historical, depending on the balance of elements. The style often emphasizes world-building, creating a fully realized alternate reality.

Historical mystery: Set in a specific historical period, the plot centers on a mystery that must be solved by the protagonist. The theme may explore social or political issues of the time, and the tone is often suspenseful and dramatic. The style often emphasizes historical accuracy, highlighting the details of daily life and societal norms of the period.

Historical adventure: The plot centers on a thrilling adventure set in a specific historical period, often involving exploration, battles, or other daring escapades. The theme may explore themes of heroism, duty, or sacrifice, and the tone is often action-packed and exciting. The style emphasizes historical accuracy, highlighting the details of weapons, clothing, and other cultural aspects of the period.

Historical drama: The plot centers on the emotional and personal struggles of characters living in a specific historical period. The theme may explore issues of social justice, morality, or individualism, and the tone is often serious and introspective. The style emphasizes historical accuracy, highlighting the details of the characters' lives and the period's cultural norms.

Biographical historical fiction: The plot is based on the life of a historical figure, often imagining details that are not known or not recorded. The theme may explore the motivations and struggles of the individual or highlight the cultural and political context of the time. The tone can be serious or light-hearted, depending on the focus of the story. The style emphasizes historical accuracy, often using primary sources to create a realistic portrayal of the individual's life and times.

Historical horror: Combining elements of horror and historical fiction, this subgenre often involves supernatural or mystical elements set in a specific historical period. The plot may center on a curse or a haunted location, with the theme often exploring how historical beliefs and legends shape modern fears. The tone is often eerie and unsettling, and the style emphasizes historical accuracy and the use of atmospheric details to create a sense of dread.

Historical romance mystery: This subgenre combines elements of historical romance and historical mystery, often involving a romantic relationship that is threatened or complicated by a mystery or crime. The theme may explore social or political issues of the time, and the tone is often suspenseful and romantic. The style emphasizes historical accuracy, highlighting the details of daily life and societal norms of the period.

War fiction: Set during a specific historical conflict, the plot centers on the experiences of soldiers, civilians, or others affected by the war. The theme may explore issues of sacrifice, duty, and morality, and the tone is often gritty and realistic. The style emphasizes historical accuracy, highlighting the details of weaponry, battles,

Thriller

Psychological thriller - The plot revolves around the mental and emotional states of the characters, often featuring unreliable narrators, unexpected plot twists, and intense psychological tension. Themes may include mental illness, trauma, and the dark side of human nature. The tone is usually suspenseful and ominous.

Crime thriller - These stories focus on a crime, often a murder, and the investigation that follows. The plot typically involves a detective or law enforcement officer trying to solve the crime and bring the perpetrator to justice. Themes may include corruption, justice, and morality. The tone can range from gritty and dark to fast-paced and action-packed.

Spy thriller - The plot involves espionage, secret agents, and international intrigue. The themes may include politics, espionage, and espionage. The tone is usually suspenseful and fast-paced, with high stakes and intense action scenes.

Legal thriller - These stories focus on lawyers and legal proceedings, often involving a courtroom drama. The plot typically involves a lawyer working to uncover the truth and bring justice to a case. Themes may include justice, ethics, and the law. The tone is usually suspenseful and dramatic.

Techno-thriller - This sub-genre combines elements of science fiction and thriller, often featuring technology as a major plot point. The plot typically involves a threat to society or the world that can only be resolved through the use of advanced technology. Themes may include artificial intelligence, cyber warfare, and technological advancement. The tone is usually fast-paced and action-packed.

Action thriller - These stories are heavy on action and may include elements of crime, espionage, or terrorism. The plot typically involves a protagonist fighting against a powerful antagonist or organization. Themes may include heroism, justice, and revenge. The tone is usually fast-paced and full of action scenes.

Historical thriller - The plot is set in a historical period and involves mystery, intrigue, and danger. Themes may include historical events, social issues, and politics. The tone is usually atmospheric and suspenseful.

Disaster thriller - The plot typically involves a natural disaster or catastrophic event, and the characters must fight to survive. Themes may include survival, human nature, and the fragility of society. The tone is usually tense and suspenseful.

Medical thriller - These stories involve medical professionals, diseases, and medical research. The plot typically involves a medical crisis that threatens the lives of many people. Themes may include medical ethics, science, and the nature of life and death. The tone can range from intense and suspenseful to thoughtful and introspective.

Horror thriller - This sub-genre combines elements of horror and thriller, often featuring supernatural or paranormal elements. The plot typically involves a protagonist facing off against a powerful and evil force. Themes may include fear, death, and the supernatural. The tone is usually dark and terrifying.

Horror

Supernatural horror - This sub-genre involves supernatural elements such as ghosts, demons, and witches. The plot typically revolves around an evil presence that haunts or possesses individuals or places. Themes often involve the struggle between good and evil, the afterlife, and the supernatural world. The tone can be eerie, unsettling, or frightening. The style can include vivid descriptions of supernatural events or paranormal activity.

Psychological horror - This sub-genre focuses on the psychological aspects of fear, anxiety, and mental breakdowns. The plot may involve a character's descent into madness, paranoia, or obsession. Themes can explore the limits of the human mind, the duality of human nature, and the fragility of sanity. The tone can be disturbing, disorienting, or unsettling. The style can include introspective narration, unreliable narrators, or surreal imagery.

Slasher horror - This sub-genre involves a serial killer or a group of killers who hunt down and murder their victims. The plot often revolves around a group of people who are trapped or isolated with the killer, such as a group of teenagers in a cabin in the woods. Themes can explore the fear of death, survival instincts, and the consequences of violence. The tone can be intense, gory, or suspenseful. The style can include graphic violence, jump scares, and tense chase scenes.

Gothic horror - This sub-genre is characterized by dark, atmospheric settings, such as abandoned castles, haunted mansions, and ancient ruins. The plot typically involves supernatural or mysterious occurrences, such as curses, ghosts, or ancient evils. Themes can explore the corruption of power, the dangers of obsession, and the struggle between rationality and superstition. The tone can be melancholic, oppressive, or ominous. The style can include ornate language, archaic settings, and romanticized descriptions.

Body horror - This sub-genre focuses on the physical horror of bodily transformation or mutilation. The plot may involve diseases, mutations, or body horror caused by technology. Themes can explore the limits of the human body, the dangers of scientific progress, and the horror of physical transformation. The tone can be grotesque, revolting, or terrifying. The style can include vivid descriptions of bodily horror, visceral imagery, and medical terminology.

Literary Fiction

Historical Literary Fiction: This sub-genre is characterized by a focus on historical events and figures, with an emphasis on the emotions and inner lives of the characters. The plot is often driven by the characters' personal struggles and relationships, rather than by external events. Themes in historical literary fiction often explore the impact of history on the individual and the human condition. The tone can be reflective, nostalgic, and introspective, and the style is often lyrical and descriptive.

Contemporary Literary Fiction: This sub-genre focuses on the present-day world, with a focus on realistic and complex characters and their relationships. The plot often centers around the characters' struggles with personal issues and societal problems, with an emphasis on character development and introspection. Themes can vary widely but often explore the human experience in contemporary society. The tone can be serious, contemplative, or satirical, and the style is often characterized by literary devices such as metaphor, symbolism, and stream of consciousness.

Experimental Literary Fiction: This sub-genre is characterized by an unconventional approach to narrative structure, language, and form. The plot can be non-linear or fragmented, and the themes may be abstract or philosophical. The tone and style can vary widely but often aim to challenge the reader's expectations and push the boundaries of traditional storytelling.

Multi-Cultural Literary Fiction: This sub-genre explores the experiences and perspectives of characters from diverse cultural backgrounds. The plot may focus on the challenges of living between cultures or on the intersection of different cultural identities. Themes often explore issues of identity, belonging, and cultural heritage. The tone can be serious, humorous, or satirical, and the style is often characterized by rich descriptions of cultural traditions and practices.

Metafiction: This sub-genre is characterized by a self-referential approach to storytelling, with the author drawing attention to the construction of the narrative itself. The plot may involve characters who are aware of their existence within a fictional world or who interact with the author. Themes often explore the nature of fiction, reality, and the relationship between author and reader. The tone and style can be playful, ironic, or philosophical.

Psychological Literary Fiction: This sub-genre focuses on the psychological development and inner lives of the characters. The plot may center around the characters' struggles with mental illness, trauma, or personal crises. Themes often explore the nature of the human mind and emotions, and the impact of past experiences on the present. The tone can be introspective, haunting, or disturbing, and the style is often characterized by vivid descriptions of the characters' psychological states.

Postmodern Literary Fiction: This sub-genre is characterized by a skeptical attitude toward grand narratives and an interest in the fragmentation and deconstruction of meaning. The plot may be non-linear or fragmented, and the themes may explore the breakdown of societal norms and values. The tone and style can be playful, ironic, or satirical, and the style often incorporates elements of popular culture and intertextuality.

Comedy

Romantic Comedy: A humorous story focused on a romantic relationship between the main characters. The plot often includes obstacles that the couple must overcome in order to be together. The tone is light-hearted and the style is witty and charming.

Satire: A story that uses humor to criticize social or political issues. The plot often involves exaggerated or absurd situations and characters. The theme is often social commentary or critique of certain practices. The tone can be biting or ironic, and the style is often sharp and clever.

Farce: A comedic story that relies heavily on physical humor, improbable situations, and mistaken identities. The plot is often fast-paced and chaotic, and the tone is over-the-top and exaggerated. The style is often slapstick and absurd.

Parody: A story that imitates the style or conventions of another work in order to make fun of it. The plot is often a tongue-in-cheek version of the original story, with exaggerated or nonsensical elements. The tone can be mocking or affectionate, and the style often mimics the original work.

Dark Comedy: A story that uses humor to address serious or taboo subjects, such as death, disease, or crime. The plot often involves characters in bleak or macabre situations, and the humor is often edgy and uncomfortable. The tone is often ironic or sardonic, and the style can be morbid or irreverent.

Comedy of Manners: A story that satirizes the social behavior and customs of a particular group or class of people. The plot often involves witty banter and subtle social cues, and the humor is often sophisticated and intellectual. The tone is often dry or understated, and the style is elegant and refined.

Comic Fantasy: A story that combines humor with elements of fantasy or science fiction. The plot often involves fantastical or absurd elements, and the humor can be whimsical or silly. The tone is often light-hearted and playful, and the style can be fanciful or imaginative.

Black Comedy: A story that uses humor to explore dark or taboo subjects, such as death, crime, or mental illness. The plot often involves characters in extreme or disturbing situations, and the humor is often irreverent or gallows. The tone can be bleak or nihilistic, and the style is often daring or provocative.

Absurdist Comedy: A story that uses humor to explore the meaninglessness or irrationality of human existence. The plot often involves surreal or absurd situations, and the humor can be nonsensical or absurd. The tone is often detached or alienated, and the style can be experimental or avant-garde.

Western

Classic Western: The plot usually revolves around a conflict between good and evil, often involving cowboys, Native Americans, and lawmen. The themes are typically centered around justice, honor, and self-reliance. The tone is often serious and gritty, and the style is straightforward and unadorned.

Western Romance: The plot revolves around a romantic relationship between two main characters set against the backdrop of the American West. The themes typically involve love, commitment, and the challenges of living in a rugged and unpredictable environment. The tone is often romantic and sentimental, and the style is descriptive and emotionally expressive.

Western Adventure: The plot involves an exciting and dangerous journey or quest undertaken by the main characters, often set in the wilderness or on the frontier. The themes are usually centered around courage, perseverance, and survival. The tone is often action-packed and suspenseful, and the style is fast-paced and visually descriptive.

Weird West: This sub-genre blends elements of Western fiction with supernatural or science-fiction elements, often set in an alternative or fantastical version of the American West. The themes typically involve the clash between the natural and the supernatural, as well as the exploration of the human psyche. The tone is often dark and unsettling, and the style is imaginative and evocative.

Western Noir: This sub-genre features the classic noir elements such as crime, corruption, and moral ambiguity, set in a Western setting. The themes often explore the dark side of human nature, including greed, violence, and betrayal. The tone is typically bleak and cynical, and the style is atmospheric and evocative.

Spaghetti Western: This sub-genre originated in Italy and is characterized by its stylized and exaggerated depictions of violence and action, often set in the American West. The themes typically involve revenge, justice, and survival, and the tone is often highly dramatic and operatic. The style is visually stunning, with striking landscapes, vivid colors, and innovative camera work.

Dystopian

Post-Apocalyptic Dystopia: In this sub-genre, the world as we know it has ended, and society has collapsed. The plot often centers around the characters' struggle for survival in a world where resources are scarce and danger lurks around every corner. Themes include the consequences of environmental disaster, the dangers of unchecked technology, and the importance of community in times of crisis. Tone is often bleak, but there can also be moments of hope and resilience. Style can be gritty and realistic or more imaginative and surreal.

Utopian/Dystopian Hybrid: This sub-genre features a world that appears to be a utopia on the surface but hides a darker side. The plot often revolves around a protagonist who uncovers the dark underbelly of the supposedly perfect society. Themes include the dangers of conformity, the corrupting influence of power, and the importance of individuality. Tone can be both optimistic and pessimistic, with a sense of tension and unease permeating the story. Style can be both realistic and fantastical.

Political Dystopia: In this sub-genre, the world is ruled by an oppressive government or dictator. The plot often revolves around a protagonist or group of protagonists who rebel against the ruling powers. Themes include the dangers of totalitarianism, the importance of personal freedom and democracy, and the corrupting influence of power. Tone can be dark and somber, with a sense of urgency and danger. Style can be both realistic and fantastical.

Technological Dystopia: This sub-genre features a world where technology has become a threat to humanity. The plot often centers around the unintended consequences of technological advancement and the struggle to regain control. Themes include the dangers of artificial intelligence, the loss of privacy, and the importance of human connection. Tone can be both pessimistic and optimistic, with a sense of wonder and awe mixed with fear and uncertainty. Style can be both realistic and fantastical.

Environmental Dystopia: In this sub-genre, the world is suffering from ecological collapse. The plot often centers around the struggle to survive in a world where natural resources are scarce and the environment is toxic. Themes include the consequences of climate change, the importance of sustainable living, and the dangers of greed and short-sightedness. Tone can be both somber and hopeful, with a sense of urgency and the need for action. Style can be both realistic and fantastical.

Medical Dystopia: In this sub-genre, society is threatened by a deadly disease or virus. The plot often revolves around the search for a cure or vaccine and the struggle to contain the outbreak. Themes include the dangers of biological warfare, the importance of medical research and innovation, and the importance of global cooperation in times of crisis. Tone can be both tense and suspenseful, with a sense of urgency and the need for quick action. Style can be both realistic and fantastical.

Cyberpunk: This sub-genre features a dystopian future where technology has become the dominant force in society. The plot often centers around characters who are marginalized or oppressed by the ruling powers and who use technology to fight back. Themes include the dangers of unchecked capitalism, the loss of privacy, and the importance of personal freedom. Tone is often dark and gritty, with a sense of danger and rebellion. Style can be both futuristic and retro.

Steampunk: This sub-genre features a dystopian world where technology has taken a different form, with steam-powered machines and Victorian-era aesthetics. The plot often revolves around characters who are struggling against a corrupt ruling class or using technology to achieve their goals. Themes include the dangers of industrialization, the importance of individuality and creativity, and the need for social reform. Tone can be both

Tropes

Let me break down the importance of tropes in storytelling for you. Tropes are literary or storytelling devices that are commonly used in a specific genre or type of story. They can help readers identify and understand the story's themes, providing them with a sense of familiarity and expectations about the plot and characters.

For instance, in fantasy and adventure stories, the "hero's journey" is a popular trope where the protagonist embarks on a quest, faces challenges, and eventually triumphs over adversity. When used effectively, tropes can create a sense of comfort and connection between the reader and the story, while also allowing authors to explore new ideas and variations on established themes.

Tropes can also be used to subvert or challenge reader expectations, which can create a sense of surprise or intrigue. For example, a romance story that plays with the "enemies to lovers" trope by having the two characters come from opposing sides of a political conflict can create a fresh and unexpected twist on a familiar theme.

Overall, despite sometimes being viewed as cliché or overused, tropes serve an important purpose in storytelling by helping readers engage with and understand the story. Plus, they offer authors a useful framework for exploring new ideas and themes.

Romance

  • Enemies to Lovers - two characters who start out as adversaries or even enemies, but eventually fall in love.
  • Friends to Lovers - two characters who have been friends for a long time, but eventually realize their feelings for each other go beyond friendship.
  • Second Chance Romance - two characters who have a history together, but for various reasons, didn't work out. They get a second chance at love.
  • Forbidden Love - two characters who are attracted to each other but are prevented from being together due to societal or cultural constraints, such as a workplace romance or a relationship between a boss and an employee.
  • Fake Relationship - two characters who enter into a fake relationship for various reasons, but eventually develop real feelings for each other.
  • Love Triangle - two characters who compete for the affection of a third character.
  • Billionaire Romance - a wealthy character falls in love with someone from a different social class, creating a conflict between money and love.
  • Small Town Romance - two characters fall in love in a close-knit community or small town setting.
  • Alpha Hero - a strong, dominant male character who falls in love with a strong, independent female character.
  • Marriage of Convenience - two characters agree to marry for practical reasons, such as financial stability or immigration purposes, but end up falling in love.
  • Single Parent Romance - a character falls in love with someone who already has a child, creating a family dynamic.
  • Time Travel Romance - a character travels through time and falls in love with someone from a different era.
  • Bodyguard Romance - a character falls in love with their bodyguard, creating a dynamic of danger and protection.
  • Sports Romance - two characters fall in love in the context of a sports team or competition.
  • Beauty and the Beast - a physically unattractive character falls in love with someone who sees beyond their appearance.
  • Amnesia Romance - a character loses their memory and falls in love with someone who helps them regain it.
  • Opposites Attract - two characters who are very different fall in love, creating a dynamic of contrast.
  • Office Romance - two characters fall in love in the context of a workplace or office setting.
  • Vacation Romance - two characters fall in love while on vacation, creating a dynamic of escape and adventure.
  • Royalty Romance - a character falls in love with someone from a royal or aristocratic family, creating a conflict between love and social status.

Mystery

  • Whodunit - the main focus of the story is to discover who committed a crime.
  • Detective Protagonist - a detective or investigator is the main character, who solves the mystery.
  • Amateur Sleuth - a non-professional character who is drawn into the mystery and works to solve it.
  • Closed Circle - a group of people is trapped in a confined space with a murderer, forcing them to solve the mystery before they become the next victim.
  • Cozy Mystery - a lighthearted and humorous mystery featuring an amateur sleuth in a small town setting.
  • Police Procedural - a detailed look at the inner workings of a police investigation, from collecting evidence to solving the crime.
  • Locked Room Mystery - a murder occurs in a room that appears to be locked from the inside, leaving investigators to solve how the killer could have escaped.
  • Serial Killer - a story centered around a killer who has committed multiple murders and is being pursued by law enforcement.
  • Noir - a dark and gritty mystery with a bleak outlook, often featuring an anti-hero protagonist.
  • Hard-boiled - similar to noir, featuring a tough, cynical protagonist who operates outside the law to solve the mystery.
  • Amateur Detective Team - a group of amateur sleuths work together to solve the mystery.
  • Red Herring - a misleading clue or character that is intended to distract the reader and throw them off the scent of the real culprit.
  • Femme Fatale - a mysterious and seductive woman who often plays a central role in the mystery.
  • Plant - a seemingly innocuous detail or character that is later revealed to be a crucial piece of evidence.
  • MacGuffin - an object or concept that drives the plot, but ultimately has little importance in the resolution of the mystery.
  • Culprit POV - the story is told from the perspective of the killer or the criminal, creating a unique twist on the traditional mystery formula.
  • Protagonist Framed - the main character is framed for a crime they did not commit, forcing them to clear their name and solve the mystery.
  • Covert Ops - a mystery that involves espionage or intelligence gathering.
  • Unreliable Narrator - the story is told from the perspective of a character who may not be telling the truth, creating uncertainty and confusion for the reader.
  • Supernatural Mystery - a mystery that involves supernatural or paranormal elements, such as ghosts, werewolves, or vampires.

Science Fiction

  • Space Opera - a story that takes place in a vast and complex universe with epic battles and larger-than-life characters.
  • Time Travel - the ability to travel through time, either to the past or the future.
  • Alien Invasion - a story that revolves around an extraterrestrial invasion of Earth.
  • Post-Apocalyptic - a story that takes place after a catastrophic event has destroyed civilization as we know it.
  • Cyberpunk - a subgenre of science fiction that features a dystopian future where advanced technology has led to a breakdown of society.
  • Artificial Intelligence - the creation of intelligent machines that can think and reason like humans.
  • Colonization - a story that explores the colonization of a new planet or the colonization of Earth by extraterrestrial beings.
  • Galactic Empire - a vast empire that spans across multiple planets and galaxies.
  • Genetic Engineering - the modification of DNA to create new forms of life or enhance existing ones.
  • Interstellar Travel - the ability to travel between star systems and explore the vastness of space.
  • Parallel Universes - the concept of multiple universes or realities existing simultaneously.
  • Cybernetics - the integration of machines and technology with the human body to enhance abilities or extend lifespan.
  • Post-Human - the evolution of humanity beyond its current form, either through technology or genetic modification.
  • Utopia/Dystopia - a society that is either a perfect utopia or a nightmarish dystopia.
  • Transhumanism - the belief in the ability of humans to evolve beyond their biological limitations.
  • Hard Science Fiction - a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the scientific accuracy and realism of the story.
  • Soft Science Fiction - a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the social, cultural, and philosophical aspects of the story.
  • Space Western - a story that combines elements of science fiction with the themes and tropes of a Western.
  • First Contact - a story that explores the initial meeting between humans and an extraterrestrial species.
  • Singularity - the point at which artificial intelligence becomes more advanced than human intelligence, leading to a transformation of society.

Fantasy

  • Epic Quest - a story that revolves around a hero or group of heroes on a perilous journey to achieve a great goal.
  • Magic - the use of supernatural forces to achieve extraordinary feats or solve problems.
  • Swords and Sorcery - a subgenre of fantasy that features action-packed adventures with battles and magic.
  • High Fantasy - a subgenre of fantasy that takes place in an alternate world with its own history, culture, and mythology.
  • Dark Fantasy - a subgenre of fantasy that incorporates horror elements and a darker tone.
  • Prophecy - a prediction or foretelling of future events that drives the plot.
  • Chosen One - a hero or heroine with a special destiny or purpose.
  • Magical Creatures - the inclusion of fantastical creatures such as dragons, unicorns, or griffins.
  • Medieval Setting - a story that takes place in a time period similar to the Middle Ages, with knights, castles, and kings.
  • Fairy Tales - the retelling or reimagining of classic fairy tales such as Cinderella, Snow White, or Beauty and the Beast.
  • Parallel Worlds - the concept of multiple worlds or dimensions existing simultaneously.
  • Coming-of-Age - a story that focuses on a character's growth and development as they transition from childhood to adulthood.
  • Hero's Journey - a story structure that follows a hero or heroine through a series of trials and challenges.
  • Mythology - the inclusion of gods and goddesses, myths, and legends from various cultures.
  • Quest Objects - a magical or mythical object that serves as the goal of the hero's journey.
  • Underworld - a mysterious and often dangerous realm that exists beneath the surface of the world.
  • Romance - a romantic subplot or love interest that drives the plot.
  • Time Travel - the ability to travel through time, either to the past or the future.
  • Folklore - the inclusion of traditional stories, beliefs, and customs of a particular culture.
  • Elemental Magic - the use of magic that is connected to the elements such as fire, water, earth, or air.

Historical Fiction

  • Time Period - a story that takes place in a specific historical time period, such as the Middle Ages, Renaissance, or Victorian era.
  • Historical Figures - the inclusion of real-life historical figures, such as kings, queens, politicians, or artists, as characters in the story.
  • Political Intrigue - a plot that involves political maneuvering, conspiracy, and power struggles.
  • War and Conflict - a story that focuses on a historical war or conflict and its impact on individuals or society.
  • Romance - a romantic subplot or love interest that is set against the backdrop of a historical event or time period.
  • Social Commentary - a story that explores social issues and injustices of a specific historical time period, such as class, gender, or race.
  • Court Intrigue - a plot that takes place in a royal court, with its politics, gossip, and drama.
  • Historical Mystery - a mystery story that takes place in a specific historical time period, often featuring real-life historical events or figures.
  • Historical Adventure - an adventure story that takes place in a specific historical time period, often featuring exploration, discovery, and danger.
  • Family Saga - a multi-generational story that spans a significant period of time and follows a family's history and relationships.
  • Historical Biographical Fiction - a fictionalized account of a real-life historical figure's life and experiences.
  • Secret Societies - a plot that involves secret organizations or societies, often with historical significance.
  • Historical Romance - a romantic story set in a specific historical time period, often with themes of social class, duty, and tradition.
  • Historical Fantasy - a blend of historical fiction and fantasy elements, such as magic, mythical creatures, or alternative history.
  • Historical Horror - a blend of historical fiction and horror elements, often exploring the darker aspects of a specific historical time period.
  • Time Travel - the ability to travel through time to experience different historical time periods.
  • Historical Crime - a crime story that takes place in a specific historical time period, often featuring real-life historical crimes or criminals.
  • Historical Epic - a grand, sweeping story that covers a significant period of time and multiple characters.
  • Historical Drama - a dramatic story that takes place in a specific historical time period, often featuring conflict, struggle, and personal growth.
  • Historical Fictionalization - a fictional story that takes place in a specific historical time period, often featuring real-life historical events or figures.

Thriller

  • High Stakes - a story where the protagonist is facing extreme danger or risk to their life or the lives of others.
  • Psychological Thriller - a story that focuses on the psychological and emotional state of the characters, often involving mind games and manipulation.
  • Serial Killer - a plot that involves a murderer who kills multiple victims over a period of time, often with a specific motive or pattern.
  • Conspiracy - a plot that involves a secret organization or group that is working against the protagonist and their goals.
  • Race Against Time - a story where the protagonist has a limited amount of time to achieve their goal before a catastrophic event occurs.
  • Action-Packed - a story with plenty of fast-paced action scenes, often featuring chases, fights, and explosions.
  • Law Enforcement - a plot that involves law enforcement agencies or officers investigating a crime or trying to stop a criminal.
  • Revenge - a plot that involves a character seeking revenge against those who have wronged them or their loved ones.
  • International Intrigue - a story that takes place across multiple countries and involves espionage, international conflicts, or political intrigue.
  • Kidnapping - a plot that involves the abduction of a character or characters, often for ransom or other nefarious purposes.
  • Spy Thriller - a story that features a spy or secret agent working to stop a dangerous threat to national security.
  • Cat-and-Mouse - a plot that involves a game of cat-and-mouse between the protagonist and their enemy, often with each trying to outsmart the other.
  • Betrayal - a plot that involves a character being betrayed by someone they thought they could trust.
  • Technological Threat - a story that involves a dangerous technological threat, such as a computer virus or rogue AI.
  • Locked Room Mystery - a mystery where the crime or danger takes place in a confined space, such as a locked room or an isolated location.
  • Political Thriller - a story that involves political power struggles, corruption, or conspiracies.
  • Survival - a story where the protagonist is fighting for survival in a dangerous or hostile environment.
  • Medical Thriller - a story that involves a medical mystery, such as a virus or disease outbreak, or a medical conspiracy.
  • Heist - a plot that involves a group of characters planning and executing a high-stakes theft or robbery.
  • Paranormal Thriller - a story that involves paranormal or supernatural elements, such as ghosts or psychic abilities, in a thriller setting.

Horror

  • Haunted House - a story that takes place in a house or building that is haunted by ghosts or other supernatural entities.
  • Supernatural Forces - a plot that involves supernatural entities or forces, such as demons, witches, or monsters.
  • Psychological Horror - a story that focuses on the mental and emotional state of the characters, often involving fears, phobias, or psychological trauma.
  • Body Horror - a plot that involves grotesque or horrifying physical transformations or deformities, often caused by disease or experimentation.
  • Gore - a story that involves graphic and bloody violence, often featuring mutilation or dismemberment.
  • Slasher - a plot that involves a killer who stalks and murders their victims, often with a signature weapon or method.
  • Survival Horror - a story where the characters are fighting for survival against a threat that is overwhelming and seemingly unstoppable.
  • Found Footage - a plot that involves footage or recordings of an event or situation, often presented as a documentary or amateur recording.
  • Creepy Children - a plot that involves creepy or malevolent children, often with supernatural abilities or knowledge.
  • Possession - a plot that involves a character being possessed by a demon or other supernatural entity.
  • Monster - a plot that involves a monstrous creature, often with a unique or terrifying design.
  • Ghost Story - a plot that involves ghosts or spirits, often seeking revenge or trying to communicate with the living.
  • Curses - a plot that involves a character or location being cursed, often with a deadly or horrific consequence.
  • Urban Legend - a plot that involves a well-known urban legend or myth, often with a dark or gruesome twist.
  • Religious Horror - a story that involves religious or cult themes, often with a sinister or demonic presence.
  • Vampires - a plot that involves vampires, often with unique or interesting twists on the classic vampire lore.
  • Demonic Possession - a plot that involves a character being possessed by a demon, often with terrifying consequences.
  • Body Snatchers - a plot that involves aliens or other entities that take over human bodies, often with the goal of domination or destruction.
  • Cult Horror - a story that involves a cult or secret society, often with dark or violent rituals.
  • Cosmic Horror - a story that involves vast, unknowable entities or forces that are beyond human comprehension.

Young Adult (YA)

  • Coming of age - a plot that focuses on a character's journey from adolescence to adulthood, often involving self-discovery and personal growth.
  • Love Triangle - a plot that involves a character choosing between two potential love interests, often causing conflict and tension.
  • High School Drama - a story that takes place in a high school setting, often involving cliques, popularity contests, and social hierarchies.
  • Dystopian - a plot that takes place in a futuristic or alternate world where society has become corrupted or oppressive.
  • Superpowers - a plot that involves characters with supernatural abilities, often exploring themes of responsibility and identity.
  • Forbidden Romance - a plot that involves characters who are not allowed to be together due to social, cultural, or familial reasons.
  • Identity Crisis - a plot that involves a character questioning their identity, often exploring themes of race, gender, or sexuality.
  • Fish out of Water - a plot that involves a character being placed in a new and unfamiliar environment, often leading to culture shock and personal growth.
  • Rebellion - a plot that involves characters fighting against authority or oppressive forces, often with themes of social justice and empowerment.
  • Time Travel - a plot that involves characters traveling through time, often exploring themes of consequences and destiny.
  • Survival - a plot that involves characters fighting for survival in a hostile environment or situation.
  • Fantasy - a plot that takes place in a fantastical world, often involving mythical creatures and magical powers.
  • Mystery - a plot that involves a character solving a puzzle or unraveling a mystery, often with a twist ending.
  • Apocalyptic - a plot that involves characters trying to survive in a world that has been destroyed by a catastrophic event, often exploring themes of hope and resilience.
  • Boarding School - a story that takes place in a boarding school setting, often involving themes of independence and friendship.
  • Road Trip - a plot that involves characters going on a journey, often exploring themes of self-discovery and adventure.
  • Sports - a story that involves characters participating in a sports team or competition, often exploring themes of teamwork and perseverance.
  • Rich vs. Poor - a plot that involves characters from different socioeconomic backgrounds, often exploring themes of inequality and privilege.
  • Friendship - a plot that explores the relationships and bonds between characters, often with themes of loyalty and trust.
  • Teenage Rebellion - a plot that involves characters rebelling against their parents or society, often exploring themes of independence and self-expression.

Literary Fiction

  • Character study - a plot that focuses on the inner workings of a character's psyche and emotions.
  • Family drama - a story that involves familial relationships, often exploring themes of love, loss, and identity.
  • Coming of age - a plot that focuses on a character's journey from adolescence to adulthood, often involving self-discovery and personal growth.
  • Memory and nostalgia - a plot that explores the past and memories, often with themes of loss, regret, and longing.
  • Art and creativity - a plot that explores the creative process and the artist's relationship with their art, often with themes of inspiration and obsession.
  • Existentialism - a plot that explores the meaning of life and existence, often with themes of identity and purpose.
  • Love and relationships - a plot that explores the complexities of romantic relationships and the human condition.
  • Social commentary - a plot that uses characters and their stories to comment on societal issues and concerns.
  • Loss and grief - a plot that explores the themes of loss and grief, often with themes of redemption and acceptance.
  • Mental health - a plot that explores the struggles and experiences of characters with mental health issues, often with themes of stigma and acceptance.
  • Nature and environment - a plot that explores the relationship between humans and nature, often with themes of conservation and preservation.
  • Historical fiction - a plot that takes place in a historical setting, often with themes of nostalgia and nostalgia.
  • Travel and adventure - a plot that involves characters traveling to new and unfamiliar places, often with themes of self-discovery and adventure.
  • Mystery - a plot that involves a character solving a puzzle or unraveling a mystery, often with a twist ending.
  • Philosophy - a plot that explores philosophical concepts and ideas, often with themes of morality and ethics.
  • Politics and power - a plot that explores the dynamics of power and politics, often with themes of corruption and morality.
  • Religion and spirituality - a plot that explores the themes of religion and spirituality, often with themes of faith and doubt.
  • Aging and mortality - a plot that explores the themes of aging and mortality, often with themes of acceptance and legacy.
  • Experimental fiction - a plot that plays with narrative structure, language, and form, often with themes of innovation and creativity.
  • Identity and culture - a plot that explores the themes of identity and culture, often with themes of belonging and alienation.

Comedy

  • Fish out of water - a plot that involves a character being thrust into an unfamiliar or absurd situation.
  • Screwball comedy - a plot that involves absurd or zany situations, often with fast-paced dialogue and physical humor.
  • Satire - a plot that uses humor to mock or criticize societal norms or institutions.
  • Parody - a plot that mimics or exaggerates the tropes and conventions of a particular genre or story.
  • Romantic comedy - a plot that involves a romantic relationship, often with humorous misunderstandings and obstacles.
  • Workplace comedy - a plot that takes place in a workplace setting, often with exaggerated or quirky characters and situations.
  • Farce - a plot that involves chaotic or ridiculous situations, often with mistaken identities and physical humor.
  • Slapstick - a plot that involves physical humor and exaggerated movements and actions.
  • Black comedy - a plot that uses humor to address dark or taboo subjects, often with themes of mortality and existentialism.
  • Situational comedy - a plot that involves humorous situations or misunderstandings.
  • Spoof - a plot that parodies a particular movie or TV show, often with exaggerated and absurd humor.
  • Gross-out comedy - a plot that involves bodily humor and gross or taboo subjects.
  • Buddy comedy - a plot that involves two characters with contrasting personalities who become friends, often with humorous results.
  • Surreal humor - a plot that involves absurd or dreamlike situations, often with a philosophical or satirical edge.
  • Comedic irony - a plot that uses irony to create humor, often with unexpected twists and turns.
  • Stand-up comedy - a plot that involves a comedian's experiences and observations, often with humorous anecdotes and jokes.
  • Comedic monologue - a plot that involves a character delivering a humorous speech or monologue, often with satire or parody.
  • Prankster comedy - a plot that involves practical jokes and humor at the expense of others.
  • Wit and banter - a plot that involves clever and witty dialogue, often with wordplay and sarcasm.
  • Running gags - a plot that involves recurring jokes or situations, often with escalating humor.

Western

  • Gunslinger - a plot that involves a skilled shooter or outlaw seeking redemption or justice.
  • Lawman - a plot that involves a law enforcement officer pursuing criminals and bringing them to justice.
  • Cattle drive - a plot that involves a group of cowboys driving a herd of cattle across long distances.
  • Revenge - a plot that involves a character seeking revenge against those who wronged them or their family.
  • Outlaw with a heart of gold - a plot that involves an outlaw with a moral code who takes on a noble cause.
  • Homesteader - a plot that involves a character settling and cultivating land in the frontier.
  • Duel - a plot that involves a one-on-one confrontation between two characters, often with guns or knives.
  • Train robbery - a plot that involves a group of bandits robbing a train of its cargo or passengers.
  • Gold rush - a plot that involves characters seeking wealth and fortune in the frontier, often through mining.
  • Indian wars - a plot that involves conflict between settlers and Native Americans, often with themes of racism and colonialism.
  • Saloon - a plot that involves characters gathering in a western-style bar, often with gambling and drinking.
  • Bounty hunter - a plot that involves a character pursuing and capturing fugitives for a reward.
  • Stagecoach - a plot that involves a group of characters traveling by stagecoach, often with danger and excitement along the way.
  • Showdown - a plot that involves a final confrontation between the hero and villain, often with high stakes.
  • Frontier justice - a plot that involves characters taking the law into their own hands, often with themes of vigilante justice.
  • Lone wanderer - a plot that involves a character traveling alone through the frontier, often with themes of isolation and survival.
  • Land conflict - a plot that involves characters fighting for ownership or control of land in the frontier.
  • Old west town - a plot that involves a character navigating life in a wild and lawless western town.
  • Rancher - a plot that involves a character managing a large ranch, often with themes of family and legacy.
  • Horseback chase - a plot that involves a chase scene on horseback, often with themes of pursuit and escape.

Dystopian.

  • Totalitarian government - a plot that involves a government or ruling power that has complete control over society and its citizens.
  • Oppressive society - a plot that involves a society that enforces strict rules and regulations on its citizens, often with extreme punishments for disobedience.
  • Rebel uprising - a plot that involves a group of rebels or revolutionaries who rise up against the ruling power.
  • Propaganda - a plot that involves the use of media and messaging to manipulate and control the population.
  • Social hierarchy - a plot that involves a society divided into social classes or castes, often with those at the bottom suffering the most.
  • Surveillance state - a plot that involves constant surveillance and monitoring of citizens by the ruling power.
  • Lack of personal freedom - a plot that involves citizens having limited or no personal freedoms, often with restrictions on speech, movement, and expression.
  • Environmental disaster - a plot that involves a society struggling to survive in the aftermath of an environmental catastrophe.
  • Post-apocalyptic world - a plot that involves a society trying to survive after a global disaster, such as a nuclear war or pandemic.
  • Dystopian love story - a plot that involves a romance set in a dystopian world, often with themes of forbidden love and societal restrictions.
  • Totalitarian leader - a plot that involves a single leader who holds absolute power over society.
  • Brainwashing - a plot that involves the use of psychological manipulation to control the population.
  • Genetic engineering - a plot that involves the manipulation of genetics and biology to create a new type of human or animal.
  • Rebellion leader - a plot that involves a charismatic leader who inspires and leads the rebellion against the ruling power.
  • Resistance movement - a plot that involves a group of individuals fighting against the ruling power, often through acts of sabotage and rebellion.
  • Corrupt government - a plot that involves a government that is corrupt and self-serving, often at the expense of the citizens.
  • Apocalyptic event - a plot that involves a catastrophic event that threatens the survival of humanity.
  • Oppressive technology - a plot that involves the use of advanced technology to control and manipulate citizens.
  • Civil war - a plot that involves a society torn apart by a conflict between factions or groups.
  • Protagonist as symbol of hope - a plot that involves a protagonist who becomes a symbol of hope for the oppressed and downtrodden citizens.

While I've only listed 20 common tropes found in these genres, there are actually many more out there waiting for you to discover! A quick Google search can help you track down all sorts of interesting and unique tropes to use in your writing.

Target Audience

It's important to understand who your book's target audience is, as it allows you to write a book that connects with them on a deeper level. Your target audience is the group of people who are most likely to enjoy your book, find it valuable, and recommend it to others. By writing with your target audience in mind, you can ensure that your book is relevant to their interests, speaks to their needs, and is more likely to be successful. After all, when you connect with your readers, you create a powerful bond that can make them lifelong fans of your work.

If you've already decided on your genres, sub-genres, and tropes, finding your target audience is a breeze. All you have to do is a quick Google search and voila! However, to help you out, I can provide you with some general information on target audiences. Do keep in mind that this information is not set in stone, as everyone's interests differ. For instance, plenty women enjoy thrillers, action stories, or horror. Nonetheless, this outline can serve as a starting point for your research.

Young Adult:

  • Genres: Fantasy, dystopian, contemporary, romance
  • Tropes: Coming-of-age, love triangles, chosen one, forbidden love, adventure
  • Themes: Identity, self-discovery, social justice, belonging, family, friendship, first love, mental health
  • Needs: Relatable characters, emotional resonance, accessible language, diverse representation, empowerment

Adult:

  • Genres: Mystery, thriller, romance, historical fiction, literary fiction
  • Tropes: Second chance at love, redemption, suspense, revenge, secrets and lies, unreliable narrators, twists and turns, complex relationships
  • Themes: Love and relationships, societal issues, personal growth, identity, history, culture, family dynamics, Love and loss
  • Needs: Engaging plot, well-developed characters, nuanced themes, evocative language, diverse representation

Middle-grade:

  • Genres: Adventure, fantasy, science fiction, historical fiction, humor, contemporary
  • Tropes: Overcoming obstacles, friendship, finding one's place, underdogs, magic
  • Themes: Family, friendship, self-discovery, perseverance, identity, problem-solving, Self-acceptance, courage, teamwork
  • Needs: Engaging plot, relatable characters, age-appropriate language, adventure and humor, positive messaging

Children:

  • Genres: Picture books, early readers, chapter books
  • Tropes: Animals as main characters, imaginative worlds, humor, adventure, family relationships, lessons learned
  • Themes: Family, friendship, growing up, learning new things, self-expression, empathy, problem-solving, diversity, kindness
  • Needs: Simple language, colorful illustrations, engaging storytelling, relatable characters, age-appropriate messaging

Women:

  • Genres: Romance, mystery, historical fiction, women's fiction, contemporary fiction, literary fiction
  • Tropes: Second chance at love, forbidden love, strong female lead, enemies-to-lovers, happily-ever-after, family secrets
  • Themes: Love and relationships, family, personal growth, empowerment, sisterhood, identity
  • Needs: Emotional resonance, well-rounded characters, diverse representation, nuanced themes, satisfying endings

Men:

  • Genres: Thriller, science fiction, fantasy, action/adventure, historical fiction
  • Tropes: Action-packed, gritty, hero's journey, good vs. evil, moral dilemmas, Tough-guy heroes, high stakes, intricate plots, historical accuracy
  • Themes: Honor, justice, redemption, brotherhood, duty, perseverance
  • Needs: Engaging plot, well-researched historical details, realistic action, diverse representation, nuanced themes

LGBTQ+:

  • Genres: LGBTQ+ romance, coming-of-age, drama, contemporary fiction, young adult, literary fiction, speculative fiction
  • Tropes: Coming out, forbidden love, self-acceptance, exploring sexuality, found family, overcoming prejudice, love conquers all
  • Themes: Identity, discrimination, love and relationships, acceptance, self-discovery, community
  • Needs: Authentic representation, diverse characters and experiences, nuanced portrayal of LGBTQ+ issues, positive messaging, happy endings

Seniors:

  • Genres: Historical fiction, literary fiction, memoir, mystery, romance
  • Tropes: Second chance at love, reflection on past mistakes, family drama, secrets and lies
  • Themes: Aging, family, legacy, life lessons, reflection, personal growth.
  • Needs: Thoughtful themes, well-rounded characters, evocative language, diverse representation, positive messaging

Note: "Nuanced" means that something is complex and has many different parts or aspects that make it unique. It's not just one simple thing, but has layers and details that make it more interesting and complicated. For example, a nuanced character in a book might have both good and bad qualities, and their personality and behavior might change depending on the situation they're in.

Here are some example's of nuanced themes:

  • Love and loss: exploring the complex emotions surrounding love and loss, such as grief, regret, and nostalgia.
  • Identity and belonging: examining the struggle to find one's place in the world and how our sense of self is shaped by our experiences and relationships.
  • Power and corruption: exploring the abuse of power and how it can corrupt individuals and institutions.
  • Morality and ethics: examining the gray areas of morality and the difficult choices we face when navigating right and wrong.
  • Mental health: exploring the complexities of mental health and how it impacts individuals and their relationships.
  • Social justice: examining issues of inequality, discrimination, and systemic oppression, and the need for change.
  • Cultural differences: exploring the nuances of different cultures and the challenges and benefits of navigating those differences.
  • Nature and the environment: examining the relationship between humans and nature, and the impact of human behavior on the environment.
  • Family and relationships: exploring the complexities of family dynamics and relationships, including love, loyalty, and betrayal.
  • Aging and mortality: examining the process of aging and the impact of mortality on individuals and their loved ones.

Starting to plot your novel is an exciting step, and choosing your genre, trope, and target audience are vital for laying the groundwork of your story. But it's important not to overlook other essential elements that can elevate your story to the next level. For example, have you thought about how you want your readers to feel when they read your book, or what you want them to learn? These questions can help you create a more impactful and meaningful story that resonates with your readers.

As an author, you likely have a specific purpose in mind when crafting your story. Whether you aim to entertain, convey a message, or educate your readers, it's important to consider the intended impact on your audience. To achieve your creative goals, you'll need to pay attention to key elements like plot, characters, setting, and themes, and ensure they work cohesively to create an engaging and immersive experience.

For readers, understanding the author's intent can enhance their appreciation of the story and lead to a more fulfilling reading experience. By recognizing the impact and meaning behind the words on the page, you can fully immerse yourself in the story and gain a deeper understanding of the author's message. So whether you're a writer or a reader, don't forget to consider the impact of your words and how they can connect with your audience.

Authors can convey various messages, lessons, and ideas through fictional writing. Here are a few examples:

Moral lessons: Fictional stories often have a moral lesson or message that the author wants to convey to the reader. The story may illustrate the consequences of certain actions or behaviors, and the characters may learn a valuable lesson by the end of the story.

Social commentary: Fictional stories can also be used to comment on social issues such as inequality, discrimination, or injustice. By using characters and situations that are relatable to readers, authors can help readers better understand and empathize with these issues.

Emotional connections: Through fictional writing, authors can help readers connect emotionally with the characters and situations in the story. This can help readers develop greater empathy and understanding of others in real life.

Imagination and creativity: Fictional writing can inspire readers to use their imagination and think creatively. Through vivid descriptions and imaginative storytelling, authors can transport readers to new and exciting worlds.

Personal growth: Fictional writing can also help readers learn more about themselves and their own values and beliefs. By exploring different characters and situations, readers can gain new perspectives and insights that can help them grow and develop as individuals.

I understand that all of this might sound a bit overwhelming and challenging, but please don't worry! If you're writing solely for the purpose of entertaining your readers and don't have any specific message to convey, you can simply skip this part when creating your novel outline. Don't feel obligated to include elements that you're not comfortable with, and focus on creating a story that you enjoy telling.

By the way, I'd like to share with you some examples of popular stories and their authors that effectively convey certain messages or teach valuable lessons through their fictional writing:

  • "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee - This story teaches the importance of empathy, justice, and standing up for what is right.
  • "1984" by George Orwell - This dystopian novel warns about the dangers of totalitarianism and the importance of preserving individual freedom.
  • "The Handmaid's Tale" by Margaret Atwood - This dystopian novel warns about the dangers of patriarchal oppression and the importance of women's rights.
  • "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien - This epic fantasy novel teaches the importance of courage, loyalty, and sacrifice in the face of great evil.
  • "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald - This story critiques the superficiality and moral decay of the wealthy during the Roaring Twenties.
  • "Animal Farm" by George Orwell - This allegorical novel satirizes the rise of Soviet communism and warns about the dangers of political corruption and propaganda.
  • "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley - This dystopian novel warns about the dangers of technological advancement and the dehumanization of society.
  • "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger - This story explores the themes of alienation, identity, and the struggle to find meaning in a world that can often seem cold and indifferent.
  • "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker - This story explores themes of race, gender, and the struggle for personal autonomy and self-determination in a society that seeks to deny these things.
  • "The Hunger Games" by Suzanne Collins - This dystopian novel critiques the excesses of consumer culture and warns about the dangers of totalitarianism and oppression.

Plot

Great job! We've completed the first part of outlining a basic novel. Now, let's move on to plotting. But wait a minute! Before you start plotting, there's some information we need first - your intended word count. This may sound like a small detail, but it's actually quite important. Knowing the total word count of your story can affect many things. For instance, publishers often have guidelines for the length of novels they will accept, so if your manuscript is too long or too short, it may be rejected. Additionally, readers may have certain expectations for the length of a novel in a specific genre, and if your book is significantly shorter or longer than expected, it may not be well-received. Lastly, the word count can influence the pacing and structure of your novel, with longer novels potentially allowing for more complex plot and character development, but requiring more attention to pacing and structure to avoid losing the reader's interest.

You might be thinking, "Hey, Taytjie, what if I want to post a web novel with over 1000 chapters? Do I have to plot everything in advance?" Well, my answer is no! However, I do recommend thinking of a web novel as a series of books, each with its own volume, rather than a single, massive work. So when plotting your web novel, it's best to approach each volume individually. This will make it easier to organize your ideas and create a cohesive story that engages your readers. Each 'Arc' of your web novel can be an individual volume of around 10 to 30 chapters or more, it's up to your preference.

Let me offer you a general guideline for word counts, but keep in mind that variations may exist based on factors such as sub-genre, target audience, and publishing goals. If traditional publishing is what you're aiming for, then different publishers may have different expectations. However, it's worth noting that while you don't have to stick to these word counts, readers typically expect them in the genres I've discussed in this post. Ultimately, what matters most is that your story is engaging and well-crafted, and if you achieve that, your readers will be hooked no matter the word count.

  • Romance: 50,000 to 90,000 words
  • Mystery: 70,000 to 100,000 words
  • Science fiction: 80,000 to 120,000 words
  • Fantasy: 80,000 to 120,000 words
  • Historical fiction: 80,000 to 120,000 words
  • Thriller: 80,000 to 100,000 words
  • Horror: 70,000 to 100,000 words
  • Young adult: 50,000 to 80,000 words
  • Literary fiction: 80,000 to 120,000 words
  • Comedy: 70,000 to 100,000 words
  • Western: 50,000 to 80,000 words
  • Dystopian: 80,000 to 120,000 words

You might be wondering why we're discussing word count under the 'plot' section instead of the 'book information' section. Well, it's because knowing your intended word count will help you figure out how many chapters your story will have. This, in turn, will affect your plot, as it gives you an idea of how much time you have to tell your story and how much you'll need to stretch it out.

Now it's time to decide on the number of chapters and the length of each chapter for your novel. To determine the chapter length, think about how many words you want to include in each chapter and use that to calculate the total number of chapters required to reach your desired word count for the whole story.

After figuring out the number of chapters, it's time to work on the plot. Don't worry, it doesn't have to be a lengthy essay, just a brief two-sentence summary will do. The main thing is to have a clear idea of what your story will be about.

Here's an example:

In a world of magic and intrigue, a young wizard falls in love with a powerful sorceress from a rival clan. Together, they must navigate the dangerous politics of their respective societies while discovering the true depth of their feelings for each other.

Alright, great job so far! Now let's dig a little deeper and focus on the beginning, middle, and end of your story. What's going to happen at the start to draw your readers in? What twists and turns will take place in the middle? And finally, how do you want it all to wrap up in the end?

Start: The story begins in a magical world filled with warring clans and powerful sorcerers. Our protagonist, a young wizard, is training at the academy of his clan when he meets a beautiful sorceress from a rival clan. Despite the tensions between their clans, they are drawn to each other and begin to secretly meet.
Middle: As their relationship deepens, our young couple finds themselves caught up in the dangerous politics of their respective societies. They struggle to keep their love a secret, while also trying to navigate the treacherous waters of their clans' rivalries. Along the way, they uncover a plot by a dark force that threatens both their clans and must work together to stop it.
End: In the climax of the story, our young wizard and sorceress face their greatest challenge yet. They must put aside their differences and unite their clans to defeat the dark force that threatens them all. Through their bravery and dedication, they prove that love can conquer even the most formidable foes. In the end, our young couple is able to come together openly and publicly, ushering in a new era of peace and prosperity for their people.

Congratulations, we've made progress! Now it's time to take our plot and start breaking it down into individual chapters. Think about the key events that need to happen in each chapter to move the story forward and write them down.

Chapter 1: Our young wizard protagonist meets the powerful sorceress from a rival clan and is immediately drawn to her.
Chapter 2: Our couple shares their first magical moment together, but the looming threat of their clans' rivalry casts a shadow over their happiness.
Chapter 3: Our wizard protagonist confides in his best friend about his feelings for the sorceress, but is warned about the dangers of falling in love with someone from a rival clan.
Chapter 4: The sorceress reveals that she feels the same way, and the couple begins to meet in secret.
Chapter 5: The first major conflict arises when our wizard protagonist's clan discovers his relationship with the sorceress and forbids him from seeing her.
Chapter 6: The sorceress' clan also discovers their relationship and the two clans begin to escalate their hostility towards each other.
Chapter 7: The couple's secret meetings become riskier as they try to find a way to be together without causing a war between their clans.
Chapter 8: A powerful sorcerer from our wizard protagonist's clan threatens the couple and warns them to end their relationship.
Chapter 9: Our protagonist turns to an older, wiser wizard for advice on how to navigate the dangerous politics of their clans.
Chapter 10: Our couple is caught in a dangerous ambush by members of the sorceress' clan who disapprove of their relationship.
Chapter 11: The sorceress' clan accuses our wizard protagonist of using dark magic to seduce her and threatens to retaliate.
Chapter 12: The couple decides to seek refuge in a neutral territory and try to find a way to resolve the conflict peacefully.
Chapter 13: Our protagonist discovers a sinister plot by a dark force that threatens both clans and realizes that they must work together to stop it.
Chapter 14: The couple's efforts to bring their clans together are met with resistance and suspicion from both sides.
Chapter 15: Our wizard protagonist and the sorceress embark on a dangerous mission to uncover the dark force's plans.
Chapter 16: The couple faces their greatest challenge yet as they confront the dark force and its powerful minions.
Chapter 17: Our couple must fight for their lives as they face overwhelming odds, but their love gives them the strength to prevail.
Chapter 18: The couple is hailed as heroes for saving their clans from the dark force, but their victory comes at a great cost.
Chapter 19: Our couple is finally able to publicly declare their love for each other, and their clans agree to a truce.
Chapter 20: The novel ends with our couple looking forward to a future together, as they embark on a new journey filled with hope and promise.

Great job! Now, for the final step: take each chapter and create a bullet-pointed outline of what you want to happen in it. This will help make your life easier when you begin writing the actual story because you'll already know what you need to write, and you just need to turn it into beautiful prose. But, Yes there is a but, If you just like to let the creative juices flow and don't want to write so rigidly, like I do, skip it. I personally just write the one or two sentences for my chapter when I build an outline, and then I just go for it.

Chapter One: A Meeting of Hearts
The chapter opens with our young wizard protagonist, whose name is Aaron, attending his morning training session at the wizard academy.
During a break, Aaron wanders off into the forest for some quiet reflection and stumbles upon a clearing filled with glowing mushrooms.
As he investigates the mushrooms, Aaron is startled by a rustling in the nearby bushes and turns to see a young woman emerge.
The young woman introduces herself as Lyra, a powerful sorceress from a rival clan.
Despite the tensions between their clans, Aaron and Lyra are immediately drawn to each other and begin to chat.
Aaron discovers that Lyra is at the academy to research a powerful spell that could help her clan in their ongoing conflict with Aaron's clan.
Aaron offers to help Lyra with her research, and they agree to meet secretly to work on the spell together.
As Aaron leaves the clearing, he realizes that he is falling for Lyra and wonders how he will be able to reconcile his feelings with his loyalty to his clan.
The chapter ends with Aaron returning to the academy, his thoughts consumed by thoughts of Lyra and the dangerous path they are embarking on.

By the way, in case you were wondering, the story we've been working on is a fantasy romance. Once you've completed outlining each chapter, congratulations, you've successfully outlined your novel! Now, let's move on to the next step: creating characters. You might be wondering why I saved this for after the plot section instead of before, but everyone has their own approach. Personally, I like to create my characters as I'm outlining my novel and really flesh them out while writing my first draft. Then, I use my second draft to make sure that the characters remain consistent throughout the book.

Characters

We've made it to the last section of our basic outline! As a writer, I prefer to develop my characters alongside my plot rather than before it. I start with some basic character details and adjust them as needed to fit the story. Sometimes, characters I initially thought were essential end up being cut, while others I created on a whim end up becoming integral to the plot. For example, in my current work in progress, I created a childhood friend of the main character on a whim, but he ended up becoming an antagonist who will go through a redemption arc and a friends-to-enemies-to-friends trope.

When it comes to creating your characters, there are some essential details you'll want to have nailed down. But don't worry, it's not necessary to have everything figured out until you finish your first draft. Just make sure you have all the important information for your main characters sorted out by the time you start working on your second draft. It's crucial to make sure your characters remain consistent throughout the story and that their actions and thoughts align with their established traits. After all, you don't want to project your own desires onto them - that's not good writing.

When it comes to creating your characters, there are some basic details you'll want to include, like their name and a brief history that matches their personality. For example, it might not make sense for a character with a tragic past to be overly optimistic and carefree all the time, not unless they're pretending.

List a few key traits that define your character's personality, such as being gruff yet secretly caring or sarcastic and cold. You don't need to create a whole resume, just a few words will do. As you write, you might find yourself adding more details to your character's personality, habits, or preferences, so make sure to jot them down.

Another important aspect is their appearance. Decide on this early on and make sure to note it down. You don't want to have to search through all your chapters to remember what your own character looks like! These are the basics, but there are three more things I want to mention that can help flesh out your character even more.

Outer conflict

Outer conflict is basically the challenges and hurdles that a character faces in their environment. It plays a significant role in the story as it generates suspense and propels the plot forward. The external obstacles that a character can encounter are diverse and varied, like dealing with natural disasters, social norms, cultural differences, achieving goals, or fighting against an adversary.

Moreover, the outer conflict can help to shape a character's personality and traits. As the character copes with and conquers obstacles, readers get to know their strengths, weaknesses, and motivations. This allows readers to form a deeper connection with the character and become more invested in their journey.

Furthermore, external conflicts can also symbolize inner turmoil. The external obstacles that a character faces can be a representation of the internal struggles they are going through, like battling fears or doubts. This creates a powerful emotional impact on readers and helps to convey crucial themes and messages.

Here are twenty examples of outer conflict:

  • A character struggling to survive in a post-apocalyptic world.
  • A character facing a physical illness or disability that limits their abilities.
  • A character fighting for justice against a corrupt system or organization.
  • A character facing discrimination or prejudice based on their race, gender, or other identity.
  • A character trying to escape a dangerous situation or person.
  • A character facing environmental or natural disasters.
  • A character navigating a war or political conflict.
  • A character struggling with addiction or substance abuse.
  • A character facing financial ruin or bankruptcy.
  • A character dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event.
  • A character struggling to balance their personal and professional lives.
  • A character facing a difficult decision that could have major consequences.
  • A character in a survival situation in the wilderness or at sea.
  • A character trying to break free from a toxic relationship.
  • A character dealing with the consequences of a mistake or poor decision.
  • A character facing a physical or mental challenge or disability.
  • A character struggling to protect their family or loved ones from harm.
  • A character trying to survive in a hostile or unfamiliar environment.
  • A character dealing with the loss of a loved one or grieving.
  • A character facing betrayal or deception from someone they trust.

Inner Conflict

Inner conflict is a crucial element of a story that delves into the psychological and emotional struggles that a character experiences. It's the battle between their desires and their values, their fears and aspirations, or what they want versus what they know is right. This struggle is what creates tension, complexity, and depth in a character, making them more relatable and interesting to readers. By exploring the character's inner conflict, readers gain insights into their motives, thoughts, and emotions, allowing for character development and growth.

Take J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye" for instance, where Holden Caulfield grapples with an inner conflict of wanting to preserve the innocence of childhood and yet desiring to mature and grow up. This conflict leads to his erratic behavior and search for meaning and purpose.

Similarly, in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," Jay Gatsby faces an inner conflict of wanting to win back his lost love, Daisy, while also grappling with the fact that she is married to someone else. This inner conflict ultimately leads to his downfall and tragic end.

As demonstrated in these examples, inner conflict drives the plot, develops characters, and adds depth to their motivations and struggles.

Here are 20 examples of inner conflict:

  • Fear of failure
  • Insecurity
  • Lack of self-confidence
  • Difficulty making decisions
  • Guilt over past actions
  • Jealousy or envy
  • Grief over loss or trauma
  • Difficulty with vulnerability or trust
  • Struggle with addiction or temptation
  • Confusion over personal identity or purpose
  • Struggle with one's own morality or ethics
  • Difficulty with forgiveness or letting go
  • Shame over past actions or experiences
  • Struggle with self-acceptance or self-love
  • Difficulty with emotional intimacy or connection
  • Conflict with personal beliefs or values
  • Struggle with one's own mortality or purpose in life
  • Difficulty with facing the truth or reality of a situation
  • Struggle with balancing personal desires with the needs of others
  • Conflict between personal ambition and loyalty to others.

As a writer, it's important to understand how to weave outer and inner conflict together to create a compelling and multidimensional character in your story. Outer conflict provides the external challenges and obstacles that the character must face and overcome, driving the plot forward. On the other hand, inner conflict gives readers a window into the character's thoughts, feelings, and motivations.

The two types of conflict can also inform and influence each other. Inner conflict can affect how a character responds to outer conflict, and vice versa. For instance, if a character is struggling with self-doubt, this may make it harder for them to face a physical challenge presented as an outer conflict. Similarly, if a character is facing an outer conflict like a life-threatening situation, this may trigger an inner conflict related to their deepest fears and desires. The interplay between inner and outer conflict can lead to character growth, as the character learns to face their fears, confront their weaknesses, and achieve their goals.

By using both types of conflict effectively, you can create a character that is not only relatable and interesting, but also one that readers can root for as they navigate the challenges of your story.

Here is a list of 28 ways outer and inner conflict can interplay with each other:

  • A character with a fear of failure (inner conflict) must overcome obstacles to achieve their goal (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with addiction (inner conflict) must face consequences of their behavior that endanger their loved ones (outer conflict).
  • A character dealing with trust issues (inner conflict) must work with a partner they don't trust (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with guilt (inner conflict) must clear their name and prove their innocence (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with self-doubt (inner conflict) must take on a leadership role to save their community (outer conflict).
  • A character who is closed-off emotionally (inner conflict) must learn to trust and open up to their love interest (outer conflict).
  • A character with a tendency to control others (inner conflict) must learn to work in a team and share responsibility (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with their identity (inner conflict) must navigate a world that doesn't accept their identity (outer conflict).
  • A character dealing with trauma (inner conflict) must confront the source of their trauma to overcome it (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with commitment issues (inner conflict) must make a difficult decision that affects their relationship (outer conflict).
  • A character with a lack of self-worth (inner conflict) must prove to themselves and others that they are capable (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with loss (inner conflict) must learn to move on and find purpose in life again (outer conflict).
  • A character with a need for control (inner conflict) must learn to let go and trust others (outer conflict).
  • A character dealing with past mistakes (inner conflict) must confront those they have wronged and seek redemption (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with their beliefs (inner conflict) must stand up for what they believe in despite opposition (outer conflict).
  • A character who is closed off from the world (inner conflict) must open up and make new connections to achieve their goal (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with a lack of direction (inner conflict) must find purpose in their life and pursue it (outer conflict).
  • A character with a history of abuse (inner conflict) must confront their abuser to achieve closure (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with their sexuality (inner conflict) must come out and face the social consequences of their identity (outer conflict).
  • A character with a need for revenge (inner conflict) must overcome their desire for revenge to achieve a greater goal (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with their family history (inner conflict) must confront the past to move forward (outer conflict).
  • A character with a fear of the unknown (inner conflict) must step out of their comfort zone to achieve their goal (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with their past (inner conflict) must come to terms with it in order to move forward (outer conflict).
  • A character with a lack of trust in others (inner conflict) must work with a team to achieve their goal (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with their identity (inner conflict) must confront the expectations of others to find their true self (outer conflict).
  • A character with a tendency to self-sabotage (inner conflict) must overcome their negative patterns to achieve success (outer conflict).
  • A character struggling with mental illness (inner conflict) must overcome the stigma associated with their illness (outer conflict).
  • A character with a need for control (inner conflict) must learn to accept and adapt to unforeseen circumstances (outer conflict).

Character Growth

As a story progresses, the characters within it can undergo a significant transformation that we refer to as character growth. This growth can manifest itself in various ways, including changes in beliefs, values, behaviors, or relationships.

By portraying a character's growth, a writer can create a sense of depth and nuance that makes them more relatable and interesting to the reader. Furthermore, character growth is instrumental in driving the plot forward, as the changes experienced by the character often create new conflicts and challenges that must be addressed.

Witnessing a character's growth can be satisfying to the reader, providing them with a sense of catharsis as they watch the character overcome their obstacles and achieve their goals.

Character growth is crucial to the success of a story, and as a writer, it's important to ensure that your main characters evolve and change over the course of the narrative. People naturally experience growth and change in real life, whether it's positive or negative, as they navigate through life's challenges. The same principle applies to your characters.

When you're editing your second or third draft, take a close look at your characters and ensure that their development is evident. Keeping your characters stagnant and unchanged throughout the story isn't realistic and can hinder your reader's connection with them. By allowing your characters to evolve, you create a more relatable and believable story, one that resonates with readers and keeps them engaged until the end.

Here are some examples of good character growth in stories:

  • Katniss Everdeen in "The Hunger Games" by Suzanne Collins learns to trust others and become a leader.
  • Elizabeth Bennet in "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen learns to let go of her prejudices and pride and become more empathetic towards others.
  • Harry Potter in "Harry Potter" series by J.K. Rowling learns to face his fears and take responsibility for his actions.
  • Frodo Baggins in "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien learns to sacrifice his own desires for the greater good.
  • Elinor Dashwood in "Sense and Sensibility" by Jane Austen learns to express her emotions and become more open.
  • Holden Caulfield in "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger learns to let go of his cynicism and find a sense of hope.
  • Ponyboy Curtis in "The Outsiders" by S.E. Hinton learns to appreciate the value of family and friends.
  • Scout Finch in "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee learns to see the world from other people's perspectives and become more tolerant.
  • Andy Dufresne in "The Shawshank Redemption" by Stephen King learns to never give up hope and find redemption.
  • Hester Prynne in "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne learns to stand up for herself and live on her own terms.
  • Jean Valjean in "Les Misérables" by Victor Hugo learns to find forgiveness and redemption through selflessness.
  • Atticus Finch in "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee learns to fight for justice and become a role model for his children.
  • Bilbo Baggins in "The Hobbit" by J.R.R. Tolkien learns to step out of his comfort zone and embrace adventure.
  • Sydney Carton in "A Tale of Two Cities" by Charles Dickens learns to find a sense of purpose and redemption through self-sacrifice.
  • John Proctor in "The Crucible" by Arthur Miller learns to stand up for his beliefs and fight for what is right.
  • Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind" by Margaret Mitchell learns to become more self-reliant and resourceful.
  • Charles Ryder in "Brideshead Revisited" by Evelyn Waugh learns to find a sense of meaning and purpose in life.
  • Captain Ahab in "Moby-Dick" by Herman Melville learns to confront his own obsession and find a sense of closure.
  • Marianne Dashwood in "Sense and Sensibility" by Jane Austen learns to find a balance between emotional and rational thinking.
  • Scout in "Go Set a Watchman" by Harper Lee learns to see her father, Atticus Finch, as a human being and understand his flaws.


Great news, you made it to the end of the basic novel outline! This is all you need to get started on writing your novel, and I'm excited for you to begin. Let's quickly recap what you'll need for your outline: a genre and sub-genre, a trope, a target audience, a word count, a chapter count, a two-sentence plot description, a more detailed plot description that covers the beginning, middle, and end of your story, and a chapter-by-chapter outline. For your characters, you'll need to include their names, brief histories, physical descriptions, personalities, outer conflicts, inner conflicts, and character growth. Once you have all of this information, you'll be ready to start writing your novel. Congratulations again, and happy writing!

Next up we'll be going into a bit more detail that focuses on world-building for fantasy or science fiction stories, anything that requires deeper world-building than a romance or regular modern paranormal fiction. You'll find that in part 2 of this article, as the character count on LinkedIn has a bit of a limit.

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