How I coded Galaxy Formation in the Hypergeometrical Universe Theory

The Hypergeometrical Universe theory derived the Laws of Nature from first principles, and Newton's Gravitational Constant G came out as epoch-dependent.

The G does not present a weak dependence (changing a small fraction in 14 billion years). Instead, G is inversely proportional to the 4D radius of the Universe.

In HU, the Universe is expanding at the speed of Light and the 4D radius is given by:

R(z) = R0 /(1+z)

So, G is proportional to (1+G) or G(z) = (1+z)*G0 where G0 is our current value for G.

This means that when the universe was 100 million years old, G was 140*G0.

WHAT DOES THAT MEANS?

This means that Galaxy Formation was accelerated without Dark Matter!

That is consistent with JWST observations.

WHAT ELSE HU PROPOSES FOR GALAXY FORMATION?

HU states the obvious. One cannot determine the gas distribution on a galaxy millions or billions of light years away.

Similarly, one cannot determine the Luminous Mass distribution (the mass of stars). The reason is simple: there is dust, and stars overlap in the line of sight.

WHAT IS HU SOLUTION?

HU solves the problem by studying the galaxies at their inception when they were a spiraling gas cloud.

HU proposes that galaxies do not form through collisions and accretion. Hubble observations imply that galaxies behave like dots on a balloon, as HU predicts.

Dots on an expanding balloon don't collide!

Hence, I claim that all the current models for galaxy formation are wrong. I am sure Dr. Mordecai-Mark Mac Low will be glad to learn that.

Hence, galaxies are formed with ALL THE MASS THEY WILL EVER HAVE (with few exceptions of collisions inside galaxy clusters).

The modeling of the initial cloud is simple: exponential radial distributions.

rho(r) = rho_0 exp( alpha_0*r) + rho_1 exp( alpha_1*r)

If you want to include the Supermassive Black Hole at the center of the galaxy:

rho(r) = rho_BH exp( alpha_BH*r) + + rho_0 exp( alpha_0*r) + rho_1 exp( alpha_1*r)

I used two exponentials in my initial modeling - one for the luminous mass and another for the gas cloud.

So, the initial gas column would look like a rotating cylinder:

The results are consistent with what one observes.

JADES-GS-z14-0 the earliest and most distant galaxy ever seen by humanity in a NIRCam image captured by the JWST (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, B. Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), B. Johnson (CfA), S. Tacchella (Cambridge), P. Cargile (CfA).)

As you can see, JADES-z14-0 is supposed to exist 200 million years after the Big Bang.

Using HU Cosmic Distance Ladder where R(z) =R0/(1+z) or 936 million years after the Big Pop.

At that time, G was 15 times larger than the current G.

Both items support HU and refute L-CDM. HU's understanding of SN1a photometric distances creates a Universe that does not require space stretching.

I told Dr. Adam Riess (Nobel Prize Winner for the calibration of the Cosmic Distance Ladder using Type 1a Supernovae or SN1a) that he was wrong for not considering that SN1a detonate when they reach the Chandrasekhar Mass Limit and that has a G-dependence (G^{-3/2}). This makes SN1a also epoch dependence or G-dependent.

So, the whole Space Stretching, Dark Matter, Dark Energy is just a scam.

I say that because only scammers would block the discussion on better models... I am speaking of you, Paul Ginsparg - the owner of Los Alamos Archives.

Here is HU parameterless predictions of normalize SN1a distances:

Notice that this is a TWO-PARAMETER MODEL and L-CDM is a SEVEN-PARAMETER MODEL.

OCCAM'S RAZOR TELLS YOU THAT THE BEST MODEL IS THE ONE THAT HAS FEWER UNSUPPORTED PARAMETERS.

It also provides REASONABLE predictions of when things happen in our Universe.

936 million years is a reasonable (expected) time for a galaxy to be formed. 200 million years (the L-CMD prediction) is not.

Currently, the extra mass (the one in addition to the luminous mass) is attributed to a silly (because of its shape and lack of boundary - there is nothing to tell you when the Dark Matter Halo ends) Dark Matter Halo.

The exponentially decaying gas cloud has about four times the luminous mass. As one probe farther from the galaxy center, it becomes ever less dense, but its tremendously increasing volume makes the difference.

THE CODE SHOWCASES THAT SIMPLE IDIOSYNCRATIC INITIAL GAS DISTRIBUTION IS ENOUGH TO EXPLAIN AWAY THE SPIRAL GALAXY ROTATION CURVE CONUNDRUM

The Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curve Conundrum is a sophistic error by astrophysicists where they expect the rotation curve (tangential orbital velocity versus orbital radius) to peak and decay with distance:

The reason the "expectation" is wrong is two-fold: a) the observation of the luminous mass is faulty (stars and dust block other stars); b) it is impossible to properly observe the gas density distribution because of intervening gas (millions of light years of gas between us and these galaxies).

THE NEXT FIGURES DEMONSTRATE HOW IDIOSYNCRATIC GAS DISTRIBUTIONS PREDICT THE OBSERVED M33 ROTATION CURVE. IN OTHER WORDS, THE SPIRAL GALAXY ROTATION CURVE CONUNDRUM IS NOT A CONUNDRUM AT ALL.

I tried publishing my results and was rejected without a reason or peer review. The code is available at GitHub...:)

Notice the x-axis scale!

So, HU predicts the correct observation and VANQUISHES the Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curve Conundrum...:)

THIS IS THE DESCRIPTION OF MY CODE (HU_GalaxyPackage - a Python Package written in C++ and using Torch for GPU optimization).

I created both a Gravitational Drude Model and a FreeFall model for the gas column flattening.

The provided code files are part of a complex simulation framework for modeling galaxy formation based on the Hypergeometrical Universe Theory (HU). Here's an overview of its structure and key components:

Key Concepts and Functions:

1. Galactic Formation and Dynamics:
2. Files and Data Structures:
3. Important Classes and Functions:
4. Simulation Process:
5. Issues Highlighted:
6. Pybind11 Integration:
7. Performance Optimization:

Suggested Debugging and Improvements:

• Mass Centering Issue: Check the implementation of density and get_f_z to ensure symmetry about the galaxy plane (z=0). Validate the alignment of the z grid with expected physical boundaries.
• Logging and Visualization: Use the Python plotting functions to visualize current_masses and falling_velocity at each timestep. Check for artifacts or unexpected distributions.
• Parameter Sensitivity: Adjust rho_0, alpha_0, and related parameters in the density function to test their impact on the mid-plane symmetry.

Here is how M33 behaved since its formation:

As G increases (with increasing redshift z), the galaxy rotates faster and gets smaller (smaller radius). Density also increases.

Here is the accumulation of mass in the galaxy plane:

SSRN Abstracts

# HU-The Big Pop Cosmogenesis

https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=5012064

# The Hypergeometrical Universe

https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=5012159

Docker Images

docker pull ny2292000/hu_galaxy_package

Repositories

https://github.com/ny2292000/CMB_HU

https://github.com/ny2292000/HU_GalaxyPackage

https://github.com/ny2292000/HU_Papers

https://github.com/ny2292000/DataSupernovaLBLgov

Preprints ZENODO

# HU-The Big Pop Cosmogenesis

https://zenodo.org/records/14047261

# The Hypergeometrical Universe

https://zenodo.org/records/14047049

Preprints Preprints.org

# The Hypergeometrical Universe

https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202411.0689/v1

# HU-The Big Pop Cosmogenesis

https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202201.0106/v2

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Unfortunately, I compete for attention with YouTube scammers, a popularity contest.