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How to Get last working day in month in Excel

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发布日期: 2024年3月25日

Finding the last working day of a month in Microsoft Excel is a critical task for various business operations, including financial reporting, payroll processing, and project planning. Excel's functionality can simplify this process, making it easier to automate and integrate into your monthly workflows. Understanding how to calculate this date efficiently can save time, reduce errors, and ensure deadlines are met consistently.

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Benefits

The ability to determine the last working day of any given month allows you to:

Enhance Scheduling: Accurately plan for deadlines that fall on the last business day.
Improve Financial Operations: Ensure timely financial transactions, such as salary disbursements and billing cycles.
Optimize Workflow: Allocate resources more efficiently by aligning tasks with business days.

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Use the EOMONTH Function to Find the Last Day of the Month

Select a Cell for Calculation: For example, A1.
Enter the Formula: Type in =EOMONTH(TODAY(), 0) to get the last day of the current month. Replace TODAY() with a reference to a cell containing a date if you're calculating for a specific month other than the current one.

Step 2: Apply the WORKDAY Function to Get the Last Working Day

Modify the Formula in A1: Adjust the formula to =WORKDAY(EOMONTH(TODAY(), 0)+1, -1).EOMONTH(TODAY(), 0)+1 moves to the first day of the next month.-1 goes back one working day, effectively giving you the last working day of the current month.

Step 3: Adjust for Holidays

To account for public holidays, which the WORKDAY function allows you to do, follow these steps:

List Holidays: In a separate range (e.g., B1:B10), list the dates of any holidays.
Update the Formula: Change the formula in A1 to include the holidays: =WORKDAY(EOMONTH(TODAY(),0)+1, -1, B1:B10).

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Example

Imagine you're tasked with planning deadlines that always fall on the last working day of each month for the year 2023. You need to account for weekends and public holidays. For simplicity, we'll assume weekends are Saturdays and Sundays, and we'll consider a few public holidays.

Step 1: Set Up Your Workbook

Dates Setup:In Column A (A1:A12), list the first day of each month in 2023. For instance, A1 will have 2023-01-01, A2 will have 2023-02-01, and so on.
Holidays Setup:In a separate column (let’s say Column D), list public holidays for 2023. For example, 2023-01-01 for New Year’s Day, 2023-07-04 for Independence Day, and 2023-12-25 for Christmas.

Step 2: Calculate the Last Working Day for Each Month

Formula for Last Working Day:In cell B1, enter the formula to calculate the last working day of the month, considering the holidays:=WORKDAY(EOMONTH(A1,0)+1, -1, $D$1:$D$3)Here, $D$1:$D$3 refers to your list of holidays. Adjust the range based on the actual number of holidays you have listed.Drag this formula down from B1 to B12 to replicate the calculation for all months in 2023.

Step 3: Formatting and Validation

Format Dates:Select Columns A and B, right-click, choose "Format Cells," and then select "Date" to ensure all your dates are correctly formatted for readability.
Check Your Work:Verify that the formula correctly adjusts for weekends and holidays. For example, if the last calendar day of a month falls on a Sunday, the formula should return the preceding Friday, unless it's a holiday.

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Advanced Tips

Dynamic Holiday Table: Use a named range or an Excel table for your list of holidays. This approach makes your formula easier to read and your holiday data easier to maintain.
Custom Weekend Parameters: If your weekends are not Saturday and Sunday, use the WORKDAY.INTL function instead of WORKDAY. This function allows you to specify which days of the week are considered weekends.
Incorporating Business Logic: If your business considers certain days as non-working days outside of public holidays and weekends (e.g., company-wide days off), add these to your holiday list to ensure accuracy.
Automation for Multiple Months: To automate the calculation for multiple months, use a combination of EOMONTH, WORKDAY, and a fill-down technique with relative cell references for a series of months.