How Gender Affects Oral Health

Gender has a significant impact on one's oral health due to biological, hormonal and behavioural differences. It can also impact the risk factors and outcomes of oral health conditions.

For women, oral health is affected by hormonal fluctuations throughout puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and menopause. During puberty, increased levels of oestrogen and progesterone can heighten sensitivity to plaque, leading to swollen, bleeding gums. Pregnancy gingivitis, caused by hormonal changes, can make gums inflamed and more prone to infection. Postmenopausal women may also experience dry mouth or a burning sensation in the mouth due to reduced saliva production, increasing the risk of cavities.

Men, on the other hand, may face oral health challenges related to lifestyle factors. Studies show that men are less likely than women to maintain regular dental visits or practice daily oral hygiene. This lack of attention can lead to higher incidences of periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay, and even oral cancer. Additionally, testosterone can indirectly influence oral health by impacting gum tissue, especially in men who smoke or use tobacco products.

Societal norms also play a role, as women tend to seek preventive care more often than men, contributing to better long-term oral health outcomes.

Regardless of gender, maintaining good oral health requires consistent brushing, flossing, and regular dental checkups.