How does avian fluer sweep in Europe?

1. European bird flu epidemic

???1. Event review

The latest reports of EFSA, ECDC and EU reference laboratory show that there have been 2,467 poultry epidemic situations, 48 million poultry have been killed in the affected places, and 187 poultry raising cases and 3573 wild animal cases were found. It is reported that the geographical distribution of the epidemic is "unprecedented", from the Swarba Islands (located in the Norwegian Arctic) to southern Portugal and eastern Ukraine, which has affected 37 European countries.

(Information source: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-Events/2021-2022-data-show-lavian-flu-europe-Ever)

???ECDC Director Andrea AMMON said, "Fortunately, during the recent period of bird flu in the European Union, there was no human infection. Nevertheless, people engaged in the animal industry were increasing Yes, the laboratory experts and health experts engaged in animal and human infectious diseases must cooperate and maintain coordination. We need to keep vigilance, discover influenza virus infections as soon as possible, and provide information for risk assessment and public health operations. "

???2. The number and distribution of the bird flu epidemic

???From 2016.10.1 to 2022.9.9, the number of bird flu epidemic in 2021-2022 has reached a record high.

In European countries, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Britain, Hungary and Spain are the most serious.

3. Poor strain information of bird flu epidemic

???From 2020.10.1 to 2022.9.9, (A) Figures show that the popular poison strains of avian influenza in 2020 are mainly H5N8, and 2021-2022 are mainly H5N1;

(B) The diagram shows that infected animals are mainly nourishing duck and chicken;

(C) The diagram shows the classification of the infected wild birds, mainly breeding seabirds and water birds.

2. Global popularity of bird flu

???1. Global distribution of bird flu

???2021.10.1 to 2022.9.28 The main strains that are popular in the world are H5N1, in addition to H3N8, H5NX, H6N1, H7NX, H9N2, H10N3, H10N8, H10N8 and other strains.

The main strains that are popular in 2020.10.1 to 2021.9.30 are H5N8 and H3N8, H5NX, H6N1, H7NX, H9N2, H10N3, H10N7, H10N8 and other strains.

2.2022 bird fluation overflow

???In 2022, the popular poison strains of bird flu are mainly H5N1. In addition, there are H5N2, H5N5, H5N8 and H7N3.

In 2022, the highest bird flu was in Europe, followed by the Americas, Asia, Africa and Oceania.

3. bird flu infected people and mammals

???1. Cases of bird flu infected with people

???According to WHO data, 2022.1.1-2022.9.1 people infected with bird flu, mainly H5N6 and H9N2 and H3N8 poison strains.

2. Cases of bird flu infected with mammalian

???In 2016-2022, cases of type A avian flu virus (H5NX) were detected in mammals.

4. Popularity of influenza on earth

???Since 2022, human influenza has been mainly H3 and H1 strains. Due to the high incidence of influenza, there are still fewer cases of cases.

94% of Clade 3C.2A1B.2A.2 in H3N2 in the most popular strain.

5. The same health One Health

???Influenza Virus can cause infection and onset of various animals such as poultry, poultry, pigs, horses, bats. The flu virus is divided into three types: A (A), B (B), and C (C). The RNA of the type A and B virus consists of 8 segments. Type A flu virus is divided into many subtypes depending on H and N antigen. H can be divided into 18 subtypes (H1 ～ H18), and N has 11 sub -types (N1 ～ N11).

Several large influenza viruses in human history in the 20th century are mostly related to animal influenza virus. For example, the Spanish flu in 1918 was caused by the h1N1 virus transmitted to the human. The influenza in 2009 was caused by pigs to human H1N1 virus.

As the natural storage host of the influenza virus, wild birds play an important role in the spread and reorganization of influenza viruses. Wild birds basically carry all genomy influenza viruses, and in the process of migration, the virus is carried into contact with local poultry and domestic livestock. Creating opportunities for the spread of influenza virus and the reorganization of mutation.

The circulation of bird flu in Europe is almost unavoidable. The monitoring of ponds and lake environment on wild bird habitats and migratory bird migration routes can early warning of new flu viruses in advance.

One World, One Health gives us a new idea, so that we cannot pay attention to our respective fields when doing testing. It also needs systematic thinking, comprehensive consideration, people, animals, and environment, so as to truly understand the occurrence, spread and popularity of infectious diseases, and early warning and intervention before the next infectious disease epidemic.

Judging from the current situation, there are no cases of infected people in the European avian influenza epidemic. The popular main strains H5N1 and the current influenza strain H3N2 are not related, but it is only a matter of time with the spread of migratory birds to the world. What impact this winter will have on human beings cannot predict. Influenza virus is the most difficult to predict and prevent virus. It always produces new strains after mutation and reorganization between different species. At present, the only thing human beings can do is to strengthen the cooperation between veterinarians and human medicine, always be vigilant, strengthen monitoring, and find early warning as soon as possible.

Source: WHO, WOAH, OffLu, FAO, ECDC, GISAID