How Do You Process Natural Gas?
Natural Gas Processing includes the following steps:
? Condensate and Water Removal
? Acid Gas Removal
? Dehydration – moisture removal
? Mercury Removal
? Nitrogen Rejection
? NGL Recovery, Separation, Fractionation, and Treatment of Natural Gas Liquids
In addition to these processes, it is often necessary to install scrubbers and heaters at or near the wellhead. The scrubbers remove sand and other large-particle impurities.?
The heaters ensure that the temperature of the natural gas does not drop too low and form a hydrate with the water in the gas stream.?
Natural gas hydrates are crystalline ice-like solids or semi-solids that can impede the passage of natural gas through valves and pipes.
After initial scrubbing to remove particles, the first step in natural gas processing is the removal of condensate (oil) and water which is achieved by controlling the temperature and pressure of the inlet stream from the well.?
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Gas separated in this unit is sent to acid gas recovery; the condensate or the oil recovered is usually sent to a refinery for processing, while water is disposed, of or treated as wastewater.
Acid gases (H2S and CO2) are separated usually by absorption in an amine solution. The recovered H2S is sent to a combined Claus-SCOT (Tail Gas Treating) unit to be converted to elemental sulfur.?
After removing the acid gases, the natural gas stream is sent to a dehydration unit to remove water typically by absorption in a glycol unit, followed by mercury removal (by adsorption on activated carbons or other sorbents), and nitrogen rejection either cryogenically, or by adsorption, or absorption depending on the nitrogen concentration.
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