How to determine Load capacity for wheels and Castors
In order to determine the required load capacity of a wheel or castor, the dead weight of the transport unit, the maximum additional load and the number of wheels and castors to be used must be known. By using four or more wheels or castors, the load bearing of the individual wheels or castors can vary. The required load capacity can be defined as follows:
T = {(E + Z)/n} x S
T = Required load capacity of the wheel or castor
E = Dead weight of the transport unit
Z = Maximum additional load
n = Number of wheels or castors used
S = Safety factor
The safety factor S reflects the deviations from the standard application conditions (even floor, walking speed, the load must act equally on all wheels or castors, straight traveling, ambient temperatures between +15° C and +28° C). The safety factor is influenced by the speed and the ratio between wheel ? and height of the obstacles. A distinction is drawn between four categories:
- Indoor manual transport (height of the obstacles < 5 % of the wheel ?): Safety factor: 1.0 to 1.5
- Outdoor manual transport (height of the obstacles > 5 % of the wheel ?): Safety factor: 1.5 to 2.2
- Indoor power driven transport (height of the obstacles < 5 % of the wheel ?): Safety factor: 1.4 to 2.0
- Outdoor power driven transport: Safety factor: 2.0 to 3.0
Safety factors do not consider abrasion of the tread. Speeds higher than 4 km/h with a reduced load capacity are possible for wheels and castors with ball bearings fitted. If a wheel or a fixed castor is mainly exposed to static loads, a load capacity increases up to 25 % can be assumed. With long endurance times under high loads, the danger of tread flattening must be considered.The load capacity is stated in kg. To convert it into N, the common factors need to be implied. The following equation applies approximately: 1 kg ? 1 daN.
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