How is a coil spring made?
How is a coil spring made?
1、 How is a coil spring made?
(1) Coil spring is the abbreviation for the use of flat materials for rolling and forming. The coil spring is the first and important process in spring manufacturing, and the accuracy of the coil plays a crucial role in the entire manufacturing process. It basically determines the geometric dimensions and characteristics of the spring, as well as the utilization rate of the material.
(2) The spring rolling equipment is generally divided into a central axis rolling spring machine and a non central axis rolling spring machine. The following describes the spring rolling methods of the central axis rolling spring machine and the non central axis rolling spring machine, including single rolling and multiple continuous rolling. Single roll is generally used for springs and oil seal springs in strip manufacturing; Multiple continuous rolls are rolled into a string of spiral springs at once, and then cut into individual springs according to size.
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(3) In order to achieve the required dimensional accuracy after cold forming, it is necessary to accurately grasp the springback of various types of springs made of different materials during forming in spring design, spring process device design, and process specification formulation.
(4) There are many factors that affect the rebound amount, mainly including the mechanical properties of the material, the winding ratio of the spring, and the process equipment
(5) The rebound amount is directly proportional to the tensile strength fb of the material and inversely proportional to the elastic modulus E. The larger the σ/E ratio, the greater the rebound amount. When the mechanical properties of the material are unstable, the rebound amount is also unstable
(6) The larger the spring winding ratio and pitch, the smaller the plastic deformation, the more unstable the internal stress, and the more difficult it is to control the accuracy of the spring diameter and pitch. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the operation of each process when rolling springs with a large winding ratio and pitch. For example, when reversing, the speed should be slow, when handling the rolled spring blank, it should be light, and try to move as little as possible before stress relief annealing. For spring blanks with a large winding ratio, it is best to fix them after rolling, and then remove them from the mandrel after stress relief annealing along with the mandrel.