How is the BESS work？

1.BESS Introduction

A battery energy storage system (BESS) is an array of batteries intended to provide electrical power during outages and supplement available resources during times of high demand. Currently, peaks in power demand are addressed by “peaker” plants, power plants that are only operated during these high demand time periods, but as electrical demand grows, so does the need for a more stabilized and reliable power grid that moves away from the nonrenewable sources that have been relied on in the past.

BESS provides a grid-scale energy storage solution for short-term and localized grid demand challenges. The planning, development, design, operation, and maintenance of BESS involve many stakeholders who will need to work together to develop a comprehensive BESS project that serves the goals that have been set for it. BESS facilities come in a wide range of sizes, typically measured in electrical capacity (megawatt, MW, or megawatt per hour, MW/h)

2. BESS Technical Overview

2.1 Overview

Large-scale, stationary, BESS is a relatively new technology which is growing rapidly throughout the world

and is seen as a means of stabilizing a future power grid that is driven by renewable energies which are often less consistent in production than current gas, coal, and nuclear power plants.

The following sections provide an overview of battery technologies seen in the industry today.

2.2 Battery Chemistries

There are many different battery technologies used in BESS. Lithium ion (li-ion) and lead-acid are the two most common types of batteries used in BESS. Flow batteries are seen less frequently. However, other battery energy storage chemistries and technologies are used in some circumstances. Each type has advantages and disadvantages depending on the demands of the application. Below are the most common types seen in BESS the commercial or residential markets.

2.2.1 Lithium-Ion

Lithium ion (li-ion) batteries are a type of rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging. A diagram of the li-ion battery process is shown in Lithium metal is a water-reactive material, meaning that it either reacts violently with water or will readily produce a flammable gas product when reacting with water. Unlike lithium metal, lithium-ion batteries are not water reactive.

Li-ion batteries are the most popular emerging battery technology and are commonly used in consumer electronic products, where a high energy density is required, meaning the ability to provide high amounts of energy over a longer duration. The technology can be scaled up to distribution scale size and is commonly used in electric vehicles. The development of li-ion batteries is expected to drive down cost and improve technical performance of the batteries, increasing their ability to provide energy over a wide range of conditions and improve efficiency by decreasing the energy losses during charging and discharging.

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