The Hidden Struggles of Neurodivergent Learners in Traditional Classrooms

As a homeschooling mom to neurodivergent learners, and having once been a neurodivergent kid myself in a traditional school, I have seen firsthand how those traditional school environments can be incredibly challenging for children who think and learn differently. While many aspects of school are difficult for any child, neurodivergent learners often face a unique set of obstacles that can make their school experience range from difficult to completely intolerable. If you’re considering the switch to homeschooling your neurodivergent child, then understanding these challenges can help you better support your child and make informed decisions about their education.

Sensory Issues for Neurodivergent Learners

One of the biggest challenges for neurodivergent learners in traditional classrooms is dealing with sensory issues. Overstimulation or under-stimulation in typical classroom environments can range from a low-level constant distraction to downright torture. Imagine sitting in a classroom where the fluorescent lights buzz incessantly, the noise levels are unpredictable, the temperature is uncomfortable, and there is a constant expectation to remain still and quiet. For many neurodivergent learners, these sensory inputs can be overwhelming and can make it nearly impossible to focus on learning. For others, the lack of sensory stimulation like movement and vocal stims is equally hard to manage. Neurodivergent learners are often expending energy to simply tolerate the environment, before they even try to add learning to their mental load.

Emphasis on Academic Achievement Can Be Harmful for Neurodivergent Learners

Traditional schools place a heavy emphasis on academic achievement as the sole measure of success or failure. Obviously, that’s why kids are there, right? There are no grades given for personal character traits like effort, initiative, responsibility, community-mindedness, empathy, resiliency, or others. This narrow focus can be particularly detrimental to neurodivergent learners who may excel in other areas but struggle academically. Not only is success or failure of the child measured only by academic achievement, but we also make grade-earning restricted to only those whose brains are able to perform under constant pressure and are able to demonstrate knowledge in a specific, standardized test format. Traditional schools do not typically allow for variation in proof-of-comprehension for kids, and our neurodivergent learners can suffer massive self-esteem issues, feeling like failures despite their unique strengths and abilities.

Lack of Differentiated Instruction and Knowledge Proof for Neurodivergent Learners

One-size-fits-all teaching methods and assessments fail to accommodate the diverse learning styles of neurodivergent learners. In overcrowded and underfunded classrooms, teachers are often unable to provide the necessary accommodations that these students need to succeed. As a former teacher, I understand the limitations of what can be done within the traditional school system. Teachers have a lot of kids to deal with and many may be in need of extra support. Neurodivergent learners specifically may need different types of instruction, explanations, or ways to demonstrate their knowledge and prove retention, but they also may not be the loudest student, or most problematic behavior-wise, meaning they can be easily overlooked. It is much easier to accommodate your child’s specific and unique learning needs in a homeschooling setting and adjust activities, instructions, and proof-of-knowledge requests to meet their needs.

Conformity-Based Behavior Expectations

Traditional schools often emphasize strict behavior that requires children to sit still, be quiet, and wait their turn. While these expectations can be challenging for any child, they are especially difficult for neurodivergent learners who may have to exert a tremendous amount of mental and physical effort to conform. The classic instructions—sitting “criss-cross applesauce”, keeping hands in their lap, quiet lips, quiet hands, feet still, lining up, and not speaking out during instructional periods—can be almost if not actually impossible for some neurodivergent learners. When they struggle to meet these expectations, they often find themselves in trouble, not because they don’t want to behave, but because they literally can’t.

Collective Punishment and Privilege Removal

Collective punishment, where the entire group is punished for the behavior of one or a few, is a common practice in traditional schools aimed at enforcing conformity through peer pressure. While this practice does tend to get results in a classroom, this approach can be particularly damaging for neurodivergent learners. For the child who was behaving well, this practice feels like an injustice. Neurodivergent learners, specifically our autistic kids, have a stronger sense of justice and fairness, and being punished for a “crime” they didn’t commit can be especially overwhelming for them- possibly leading to a meltdown or After School Restraint Collapse. For the child who was misbehaving but couldn’t help it, which we often see in our ADHD kids who need movement, stimulation, and lack impulse control, it creates resentment among their peers and hurts them socially- an area they likely already struggle in. Similarly, the removal of privileges such as recess, gym, and art—activities that are often most beneficial and most important to neurodivergent learners—is frequently used as the leverage to enforce conformity. These opportunities for movement, freedom, and creative expression are vital for all children’s well-being, and for our neurodivergent learners’ ability to regulate, and are usually the first to be taken away as punishment, seen as “fun” rather than “important”, like other academic subjects.

Social Challenges for Neurodivergent Learners

Navigating the complex social dynamics of traditional schools is challenging for most children, but it is especially daunting for neurodivergent learners. The social labyrinth of school life—making friends, understanding social cues, and fitting in—can be a source of significant stress and anxiety. Neurodivergent learners often struggle with these unspoken social rules, leading to feelings of loneliness and isolation and often express themselves differently than their neurotypical peers, leading to misunderstandings and rejection.

Limited Movement and Physical Activity

Traditional classrooms typically offer limited opportunities for movement and physical activity, because we overemphasize the importance of academics, and present academic learning in limited ways, such as listening to lectures, watching videos, and reading. The ability to move our body and engage in physical exercise is crucial for the health and well-being of all people, but is especially essential for neurodivergent learners, particularly those with ADHD. For example, physical exercise helps ADHD Hyperactive-Impulsive Type to exert some of the extra energy they naturally have, and physical exercise helps the ADHD Inattentive Predominant Type as well by causing dopamine to be released in the brain, which literally helps them to focus and concentrate. The expectation to sit still for long periods can be especially challenging for our neurodivergent learners who need to move to stay focused and engaged. The lack of physical activity not only impacts their ability to learn but also their overall physical and mental health.

Homeschooling: A Great Alternative for Neurodivergent Learners

Homeschooling is an amazing alternative for neurodivergent learners, because you can create a flexible and accommodating environment tailored specifically to your child’s unique needs. In a homeschool setting, parents can create a learning environment free from the sensory overloads often found in traditional classrooms. They can adjust the pace of learning to match their child’s individual needs, incorporate movement breaks, and use teaching methods that cater to their child’s strengths.

Homeschooling allows for differentiated instruction, ensuring that neurodivergent learners receive the accommodations they need to thrive academically. Programs specifically designed for neurodivergent learners, such as Schoolio, can help parents provide different instruction and activity types, and learn more about their neurodivergent learner. Homeschooling also eliminates the negative aspects of conformity-based behavior expectations, collective punishment, and privilege removal. Instead, homeschooling fosters a supportive atmosphere where children can learn in a way that makes sense to them, reducing stress and anxiety associated with traditional schooling.?

Socially, homeschooling provides the opportunity for neurodivergent learners to interact in smaller, more controlled settings, with more consistent and immediate feedback from empathetic adults as guidance. This helps them build meaningful relationships without the pressure of navigating complex school social hierarchies. This personalized approach can significantly enhance their self-esteem and overall well-being.

Conclusion

Understanding the challenges that neurodivergent learners face in traditional classrooms is the first step towards creating a more supportive and accommodating learning environment for them. As homeschooling parents, we have the opportunity to tailor our teaching methods and environments to meet the unique needs of our children, allowing them to thrive in ways that wouldn’t be possible in a traditional classroom. By recognizing and addressing these challenges, we can help our neurodivergent learners reach their full potential and develop a love for learning that will last a lifetime!