Here’s What Antibiotic Use Can Do To Your Gut Health?
Dr. Marcus Ranney
Longevity Physician to Overwhelmed High-Performers + CXOs | Best-Selling Author | Biohacker | Guinness Book of World Records’ Holder | Building Longevity Athletes | Adventurer + Explorer
Did you know that our gut is the home sweet home to more bacteria than stars in the milky way galaxy?
Over 100 trillion of these little critters live inside and control our gut ecosystem! It's like having a fancy dinner party in your gut - where you want all the guests to be happy and getting along. But once you start introducing disruptive elements, like antibiotics, it can lead to a food fight breakout in the middle of dinner. So in today’s newsletter let’s talk about what exactly antibiotics does to your gut health with Sukhada Bhatte , bioscience expert? at Human Edge.?
Importance of Gut Flora?
?Understanding the significance of the gut microbiome and how it interacts with other microbiomes is crucial in maintaining a healthy mind and body. Lately experts have been delving into the subject of gut microbiomes; essentially populations of bacteria that occupy our gastrointestinal tract that have become central players in discussions concerning overall physical wellness. Gut microbiomes and their contributions are crucial for maintaining holistic well being—such as digesting nutrients effectively—and regulating defences against infection. They can even help regulate metabolism and neural functions. Each person's gut microbiota contains numerous distinct strains not found in other people,and inter-individual variability in microbiota composition is substantially larger than intra-individual changes.Unfortunately, when the balance of microbial species within our gut is thrown off- disbalance in the gut microbial community also called ‘Dysbiosis’- can lead to various health concerns such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, allergies, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Furthermore, many factors such as nutrition, stress, environmental factors and even medications have been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota.
Antibiotics Vs Gut Bugs : The Battle Within
Medications? like antibiotics which fight bacterial infections in humans and animals? can cause collateral damage to our gut health. In most cases antibiotics operate by killing both the bad bacteria that cause an infection and the helpful bacteria that comprise our gut microbiome which results in dysbiosis which ultimately can lead to a range of detrimental health consequences.?
“Antibiotics are medications given to fight a bacterial infection. While they can be highly effective in treating bacterial infections and sometimes absolutely necessary, they can also have an impact on the gut health. Antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the gut, known as the gut microbiome. This is because antibiotics do not discriminate between harmful bacteria and beneficial bacteria, and can kill off both types. Antibiotics can alter the composition of the gut microbiome, leading to an imbalance of bacteria, known as gut dysbiosis. This can lead to a range of digestive symptoms, including bloating, gas, and abdominal pain, diarrhoea. Rampant use of antibiotics, sometimes even for viral infections has given rise to antibiotic resistant strains. says, Sukhada
Antibiotics upset the delicate equilibrium that exists between the different species of gut microbiota. For example, antibiotics can contribute to reduction in species diversity due to the overgrowth of pathobionts, which primarily are ?opportunistic microbes which emerge due to disturbances in the healthy microbiome such as toxigenic C. difficile.
According to Sukhada, “Some antibiotics are more likely to disrupt the gut microbiota than others. Antibiotics that are broad-spectrum and target a wide range of bacteria are more likely to disrupt the gut microbiota compared to narrow-spectrum antibiotics that target specific types of bacteria. Some examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are known to have a greater impact on gut microbiota include: Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline etc. On the other hand, narrow-spectrum antibiotics that target specific bacteria, such as penicillin or erythromycin, may have a lesser impact on gut microbiota compared to broad-spectrum antibiotics. It's important to note that the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota can vary from person to person, and the extent of disruption can depend on factors such as the duration of antibiotic use, the dose, and the individual's overall health status.”
Short and medium term effects of antibiotics?
Under normal conditions,? the optimal functioning of intestinal epithelium is controlled through numerous mechanisms. The number of gut bacteria is? primarily controlled by antimicrobial peptides (C-type lectins, defensins, and cathelicidins), which are secreted into the mucus layer.? Exposure to antibiotics destroys? subsets of the normal gut microbes and? causes decrease in secretion of antimicrobial peptides leading to increase in stomach related pathogens in the body. This can lead to Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD)which can occur during? the course of antibiotic treatment and might continue up to 8 weeks after treatment. Study in antibiotic (streptomycin)treated mice found that antibiotic administration can alter hormone synthesis pathways such as steroids and eicosanoids, as well as pathways involved in sugar, bile acid, and amino acid metabolism, which proves that change in microbiota? can disrupt the important metabolic pathways in the body.
Long term effect of antibiotic use
Antibiotics have been demonstrated in studies to affect the gut flora for weeks or even months after therapy has finished. This disruption can result in an overgrowth of dangerous bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile, causing severe diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. It can also make the gut more susceptible to infections and has been related to a number of other health issues, including obesity, autoimmune illnesses, and even mental health concerns.
?Recent research has also given insight on how different antibiotics can affect the gut flora depending on the type of antibiotic administered. Some antibiotics are broad-spectrum, meaning they kill a large variety of bacteria, whilst others are more focused, killing only certain types of bacteria. Broad-spectrum antibiotics have been proven to have a bigger impact on the gut microbiota than targeted medicines, putting patients at a higher risk of dysbiosis.
According to Sukhada “Disruption of the gut microbiota due to antibiotics can lead to various consequences, including leaky gut.” Here are some potential consequences of disrupted gut microbiota:
Increased risk of infection: The gut microbiota plays an important role in preventing the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut. When the gut microbiota is disrupted by antibiotics, it can increase the risk of infection by allowing harmful bacteria to grow unchecked.
?Digestive issues: Disruption of the gut microbiota can lead to various digestive issues such as diarrhoea, constipation, and bloating.
Nutrient deficiencies: The gut microbiota helps to break down and absorb nutrients from food. When the gut microbiota is disrupted, it can lead to nutrient deficiencies, which can impact overall health.
Weakened immune system: The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the development and function of the immune system. Disruption of the gut microbiota can weaken the immune system and make the body more susceptible to infections. The bacteria are more likely to cross the blood brain barrier and cause septicaemia in vulnerable populations.
Leaky gut syndrome: Disruption of the gut microbiota can increase the permeability of the gut lining, which can lead to leaky gut syndrome. This is a condition where toxins and undigested food particles can leak from the gut into the bloodstream, triggering an inflammatory response.
“Several studies have suggested that the use of antibiotics may increase the risk of developing IBD (Inflammatory bowel disease), a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract. These studies suggest that antibiotics may disrupt the gut microbiota in a way that increases the risk of developing IBD. According to a study, The highest risk of developing IBD is seen 1-2 years after antibiotic exposure, and after use of antibiotic classes often prescribed to treat gastrointestinal pathogens. Antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of IBD, and was highest among individuals aged 40 years and older. “ says, Sukhada
Overall, disrupted gut microbiota due to antibiotics can have far-reaching consequences for overall health and well-being. It's important to take steps to support the growth of good bacteria in the gut after antibiotics are used to prevent these potential consequences. Even when antibiotic therapy is finished, the gut microbiome can still be altered, with some beneficial bacteria taking significantly longer to recover than others. This can expose the gut to reinfection and other health issues.
How To Get Back The Gut Feeling
Given the importance of the gut microbiota to overall health and well-being,there are various ways that might help minimise the detrimental effects of antibiotics on the gut.
Diet and lifestyle choices can play an important role in restoring gut health in individuals who have recently taken antibiotics. A diet rich in fibre, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.?
According to Sukhada, “Probiotics and prebiotics can play an important role in mitigating the effects of antibiotics on gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. They are live microorganisms that can provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. These microorganisms can help replenish the gut microbiota with beneficial bacteria that may have been disrupted by antibiotic use. Probiotics can also help improve digestive health, boost the immune system, and reduce inflammation in the gut.
Prebiotics, on the other hand, are non-digestible carbohydrates that are found in certain foods, such as garlic, onions, bananas, and whole grains. Prebiotics serve as food for beneficial bacteria in the gut, helping to promote their growth and proliferation. Consuming prebiotics can help support the growth of a healthy gut microbiota, which can help mitigate the negative effects of antibiotics on gut health. Taking a combination of probiotics and prebiotics can be especially beneficial in mitigating the effects of antibiotics on gut health. “
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Sukhada also mentions specific dietary recommendations for those taking antibiotics:
Consume probiotic-rich foods: Probiotic-rich foods, such as probiotic yoghourt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and kombucha, can help replenish beneficial bacteria in the gut. Aim to consume at least one serving of these foods per day. Probiotic supplements like yakult can help replenish beneficial bacteria in the gut. Talk to your healthcare provider about which probiotic supplement may be best for you.
Increase fibre intake: Fibre is a type of carbohydrate that is not digested by the body, but instead, it provides food for beneficial bacteria in the gut. Increase your intake of fibre-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
Avoid processed foods: Processed foods, such as fast food, sugary drinks, and snacks, can disrupt gut health and promote the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut. Try to limit your intake of these foods.
Consume prebiotic-rich foods: Prebiotic-rich foods, such as onions, garlic, leeks, bananas, and asparagus, can help promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.
Stay hydrated: Drinking plain water can help support healthy bowel movements and prevent constipation, which can disrupt gut health. Aim for at least 8-10 glasses per day.
Avoid alcohol and caffeine: Alcohol and caffeine can irritate the gut lining and disrupt gut health. Try to limit your intake of these substances.
It's important to note that these dietary recommendations may not be appropriate for everyone. If you have any dietary restrictions or underlying health conditions, it's a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider before making any dietary changes.?
?Biohacks for a Healthy Gut? During/After Antibiotic Treatment
Here are a few biohacks which can help you rebuild your gut ecosystem.? These biohacks are intended to improve, support and restore gut health during and after antibiotic regimen.
Boost your gut health by eating prebiotic-rich foods least one meal at any time of day
Prebiotics, found in fibre-rich foods like onions, garlic, asparagus, bananas, and oats, promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Antibiotics can disrupt the bacterial balance by destroying both good and bacteria, leading to diarrhoea and antibiotic-resistant infections. Adding prebiotic-rich foods during and after antibiotics can restore gut health and reduce complications.Prebiotic-rich foods (e.g. almonds, asparagus, mushrooms, onions, leeks, garlic, chickpeas, apples and bananas) can be incorporated into at least one meal at any time of day, but it's recommended to consume them during and after an antibiotic course.?
Load up on cruciferous veggies at least 3 to 4 servings per week to give your gut the love it deserves
Cruciferous vegetables are not only packed with fibre, vitamins, and minerals but also boast incredible benefits for gut health. Studies indicate that these veggies contain glucosinolates, which can transform into anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances that protect the gut from damage caused by antibiotics. Some examples of cruciferous vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, bok choy, radishes, turnips, collard greens, mustard greens and arugula. Aim to increase your cruciferous vegetable intake to at least 3 to 4 servings per week. Antibiotics are notorious for throwing off the delicate balance of gut bacteria, which can cause a host of issues like diarrhoea, bloating, and inflammation. Luckily, increasing your intake of cruciferous vegetables may help promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, leading to better digestion and a reduction in inflammation.
Make your gut happy with some bubbly fermented treats within a 1 to 2-hour time frame throughout the day during your antibiotic regimen?
Fermented foods are produced through the process of fermentation, where bacteria and yeast break down carbohydrates and sugars. Some examples of fermented foods that are rich in probiotics include yoghourt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, miso, tempeh, and kombucha. These foods are highly valued for their beneficial impact on gut health, as they contain live bacteria that can populate the gut microbiome and promote a healthy balance of good bacteria. Maintaining gut health while taking antibiotics is crucial, as they can eliminate both harmful and beneficial bacteria, causing an imbalance in the gut microbiome causing digestive issues, immune system dysfunction, and other health complications.
There's a necessity of being aware of drugs' possible impact on the gut flora. We can assist in minimizing the negative effects of antibiotics and maintain good health in the long run by taking efforts to support gut health before and after antibiotic treatment, as well as by researching new therapies that can help restore balance to the gut microbiome.
Overall, the link between antibiotics and gut health emphasises the necessity of approaching health and wellness holistically, taking into account the influence of numerous interventions, including pharmaceuticals, on the body as a whole. We may assist lessen the harmful effects of antibiotics on gut health and maintain good health in the long run by being aware of their possible impact on gut health and taking efforts to support the gut flora during and after treatment.
So next time you get the “gut feeling”, remember to pay attention to what these microbial friends are trying to say about your health.?
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This newsletter is part of our ongoing series.
If you're interested in learning more about gut health, click on the link below to check out the previous newsletters dedicated to this topic.
Probiotics Could Be The Key To A Long And Healthy Life https://www.dhirubhai.net/pulse/probiotics-could-key-long-healthy-life-dr-marcus-ranney-/
Leaky Gut Syndrome 101: Everything You Need To Know About This Condition
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1 年?? Join Our Webinar on World Microbiome Day! ???? We hope this post finds you in good health and high spirits! As we celebrate World Microbiome Day, I am excited to invite you all to a fascinating webinar on? TOPIC: "The Hidden World Inside You: Unlocking The Mystries Of the Gut Microbiome." ???? Date: 27-06-23 Time: 02:30 PM- 04:00 PM (IST) Duration: 1 hr 30 mins The gut microbiome, comprising trillions of microorganisms, plays a vital role in our overall well-being. It impacts not only our digestive health but also influences our immune system, mental health, metabolism, and much more. Understanding and harnessing the potential of this complex ecosystem is crucial for optimizing our health and longevity. During this insightful webinar, we have gathered a panel of esteemed experts in the field of microbiology and gut health. They will delve into the latest research, discoveries, and practical strategies for nurturing a healthy gut microbiome.? To secure your spot, register now at https://zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_OcJCFtRTSE-dbuHVump9Ig#/registration. Spaces are limited, so don't delay! Looking forward to seeing you all on 27-06-23