Heating Use in Social Housing: A Missing Piece in Damp and Mould Prevention
At Mid Devon Housing, we’ve spent years examining damp and mould from every angle—ventilation, insulation, repairs—and a significant part of this has been data monitoring.
One issue that keeps coming up, and that until recently we lacked the tools to measure and tackle effectively, is heating. We already know that homes need a balance of ventilation and heating to avoid condensation issues, but understanding and influencing heating behaviours has proven far more complex.
The Role of Ventilation vs. Heating
Over the past couple of years, we’ve been able to monitor the impact of ventilation interventions, which we estimate resolve around 70% of mould issues. Our environmental monitoring data shows clear, measurable improvements when interventions are made, such as:
However, in some cases, ventilation improvements alone do not resolve the problem. Environmental monitoring frequently identifies underheating as a root cause of persistent damp and mould.
The Challenge: What Happens When Lack of Heating Use is the Issue?
This is where we hit a wall. In many case studies, we reach a familiar conclusion, and this is how the presentation goes:
"We identified an underheating issue, discussed this with the tenant, and signposted them to heating advice and financial support."
But then… nothing changes. The natural next step should be:
"And on the next slide, we can see the impact of increased heating once the tenant was aware of the issue and adjusted their usage."
Except, that slide doesn’t exist.
In nearly every case study we’ve monitored, heating use remains unchanged, even when tenants are given clear evidence that underheating is contributing to damp and mould. Until my most recent case, the only time we see a significant shift in heating patterns is when there’s a change of tenancy—when a new occupant moves in and simply uses the heating differently.
This leaves case studies feeling incomplete, like an unresolved final chapter that should be there but never materialises. And the reasons behind this are complex and deeply personal.
Why is Heating Different?
Unlike ventilation or insulation—where landlords can install improvements, automate interventions, and monitor outcomes—heating use is almost entirely within the tenant’s control.*
A landlord can provide a heating system, but:
…is their personal decision.
A key example of this is tenants requesting removal of gas meters to save on the daily standing charge, which is the case in a few of our homes, leaving them with no fixed heating. While we supply the heating system, ultimately, the tenant is the gas consumer, and the energy company owns the meter.
*I should clarify, that for the purposes of this article, I'm discussing with the context of homes where we know that the heating system is capable of bringing the home to a reasonable temperature. If a landlord has not provided a suitable source of heating, obviously that is not a tenant responsibility and this article does not apply. Within Mid Devon Housing stock, any home with access to the gas network has a gas combi boiler on a 10 year renewal programme, any home off the gas-network has either air-source heat pump or electric storage heaters, with the occasional solid fuel appliance still in operation. Any older style storage heaters are in the process of being renewed to Dimplex Quantum storage heaters. Heat pumps in smaller homes (1 and 2 bed bungalows) are being renewed also with Dimplex Quantum.
Rethinking Heating Standards: What is ‘Enough’?
Much of the conversation in housing has focused on healthy heating levels—what homes should be heated to in order to:
But last year, I worked on a project looking at a slightly different question:
What is the minimum heating level a home should have?
This came in response to tenants who were barely heating their homes and worried they couldn’t afford the significant extra cost of increasing it, even to a baseline level.
?? That project is now complete—here's a link to that video
?? And the follow up
Personal Reflections on Heating: Breaking Old Habits and Challenging Perceptions
While working on this project, I reflected on my own experiences and perceptions of heating. It’s one thing to look at the data from a professional standpoint, but taking a step back, I realised just how deeply ingrained certain ideas about heating are.
A Personal Experiment in Heating Costs
Childhood Heating Experiences: A Lasting Impact
Even as an adult, when I could afford to heat my home properly, there was still a psychological barrier:
Why Does This Matter for Social Housing?
This personal reflection has been invaluable in my work with tenants. It’s helped me understand why so many people resist increasing their heating, even when:
? They have the financial means
? Data and evidence show it would improve their comfort and health
? It would reduce condensation and mould issues
If it took me years to move past the “just put on another layer” mentality, it’s no surprise that many tenants struggle with the same mindset shift.
Understanding this isn’t about simply telling people to do better—it’s about recognising the deeper experiences, habits, and perceptions shaping their decisions.
Is It Really Just About Fuel Poverty?
I often hear that the solution to underheating is just to fix fuel poverty—by:
While these are important factors, from what I see in Mid Devon, they’re only the tip of the iceberg. The reality is far more complex.
Understanding Tenant Resistance to Heating: Insights from Environmental Monitoring
While financial hardship is often cited as the main reason for underheating homes, the reality is far more complex. In my experience, many factors contribute to tenants keeping their homes colder than recommended, and these are often psychological, behavioural, or based on misinformation rather than purely economic constraints.
Key Reasons Tenants Underheat Their Homes
Some tenants simply prefer a cooler environment, whether for comfort, habit, or perceived medical reasons, and choose to keep heating to a minimum.
Even if rent and benefits are covered, other financial burdens—such as credit card debt, loan repayments, or rent arrears—can push heating down the priority list. By the time tenants have met their monthly obligations, they may not have enough left for effective heating.
For tenants on zero-hour contracts or fluctuating wages, budgeting for heating becomes unpredictable. They may avoid using heating during uncertain weeks, leading to chronic underheating even when their income stabilises.
Some tenants operate with extreme financial caution, avoiding ‘unnecessary’ heating in case their financial situation worsens, even if it means being cold now.
Many tenants genuinely believe they are heating their homes adequately when they are not. Research, such as Rose Chard’s work (featured on the Healthy Homes Podcast), has demonstrated this—households reported sufficient heating, but environmental monitoring showed otherwise.
Temperature comfort levels vary between individuals. Some tenants don’t notice gradual cooling throughout the day, leading to colder homes without realising.
Poor thermostat placement (e.g., in draughty hallways or near radiators) can lead to inaccurate readings, causing heating to shut off prematurely or run inefficiently. In some cases, broken or misunderstood thermostats prevent tenants from heating their homes as intended. Older systems, such as storage heaters, offer little intuitive control—what does ‘3, 4, or 5’ mean in terms of actual temperature?
If radiators heat unevenly, tenants may assume their system is faulty and reduce heating across the whole home rather than addressing specific imbalances.
Some tenants, out of pride, habit, or psychological reasons, refuse to acknowledge that their home is too cold. They may attribute condensation or mould to structural defects rather than heating.
Many tenants do not know that the recommended indoor temperature for health and well-being is 18°C–21°C. Those accustomed to colder homes may assume that 14°C or 15°C is sufficient.
A common barrier to behaviour change is the belief that damp or condensation issues stem from a building defect rather than underheating. Some tenants resist increasing heating, fearing it will ‘mask’ an issue that needs fixing.
While rare, some tenants deliberately underheat their homes to worsen conditions, increasing their chances of a managed move, decant, or upgrade to a more desirable property.
Modern heating systems, particularly heat pumps and high-tech controls, can be confusing for tenants unfamiliar with their operation. Without proper guidance, they may use systems inefficiently or avoid them altogether.
Many tenants assume that turning up the heating will lead to unaffordable bills, even if they are already spending similar amounts on inefficient alternatives (e.g., relying on a single electric heater instead of central heating).
Some tenants reduce heating after comparing their bills to previous properties or friends’ homes, without considering differences in construction type, exposure to elements, insulation, heating systems, or property size.
Some tenants fail to shop around for better energy deals or are stuck on high-cost prepayment meters. High standing charges, rather than actual energy use, can inflate perceived costs.
Some tenants are shocked by winter bill increases, even though this is normal. Without budgeting for heating year-round, they overreact and reduce heating too much in colder months.
Real-time energy monitors can be misleading. Seeing high usage when heating first turns on may cause panic, leading tenants to turn it off, unaware that costs balance out over time.
The Challenge of Encouraging Behaviour Change
I’ve worked with tenants over several years, hoping that by remaining supportive rather than forcing the issue, they would eventually be willing to trial higher heating levels. However, this rarely happens. Instead, the same tenants repeatedly report recurring mould issues each condensation season, asking, What is the landlord going to do about it? This leads to repeated inspections with the same findings and discussions, albeit framed in different ways.
To illustrate, here are some case studies based on environmental monitoring data:
Case Studies: Insights from Environmental Monitoring
Case Study 1: Long-Standing Case with Recurring Damp and Mould Issues This tenant was decanted into their current home seven years ago from a similar property that required major damp-proofing works. However, within the first winter, nearly identical issues reappeared—low-level mould around skirting boards and furniture being affected.
Key Findings & Interventions:
Over the past 3 years we have re-investigated to rule out any new structural issues, and urged the tenant to increase the indoor temperatures, and signpost to additional financial support, but this does not happen. However, each winter period, we continue to receive a new report from this very frustrated tenant, asking for a solution to the issue. This is one we are still actively working on, and our next step will be to offer a direct financial incentive to use the heating to higher levels.
More details about this case studies and others are available as part of this video.
Case Study 2: Success in Addressing Underheating After a Flood This property was initially monitored due to a plumbing leak, but after drying out, the data revealed a more persistent issue—underheating.
Key Findings & Interventions:
What's great about this one is that after the heating was increased, it looked as though the hallway was remaining much too cool. As it turnedout, the sensor was not in the hallway of the flat itself, but in the unheated communal hallway. I decided to cancel the order to relocate it back inside the home, as I soon realised it was a perfect opportunity to track what the conditions would be like in the home if it returned to being unheated. It ended up being a perfect opportunity to showcase, without a doubt what the impact of heating was, accounting for external factors.
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Case Study 3: Impact of Heating on Mould Risk – Before and After Mutual Exchange This home was heated at the lower end of the 18–21°C range, and monitoring revealed that when the heating was temporarily increased to 20°C, just for a 24 hour period, the mould risk was either significantly reduced or eliminated.
The mechanical ventilation in the home was increased to the maximum possible, and window trickle vents were already in place. Extensive investigations were carried out (moisture profiling, calcium carbide tests, salts analysis, cavity wall inspections, floor hygrometer, surface temperaure measurement, psychrometrics and environmental monitoring) which all ruled out a structural defect.
Key Findings & Interventions:
Interestingly in this case, the data also suggests that:
the heat loss was reduced by 21% as a result of the non-structural change.
(Time to lose 1°C in Febraury 2025 was 126 minutes, compared to 104 minutes in October 2023).
Case Study 4: Severe Underheating Identified Through Leak Investigation A leak from the flat above had affected this home, causing damage behind the WC boxing. The leak was repaired, but unrelated issues persisted, prompting further investigation.
Key Findings & Interventions:
Again, this is very similar to the first case study. Similarly to that tenant, from a very early stage the tenant has expressed a desire to relocate to another home in a different area. It's a chicken and egg situation - has the desire to move really come from a lack of faith in the home, or would allowing the issues to be simply resolved be perceived as reducing the priority for re-housing?
Case Study 5: Persistent Mistrust in Heating System Leading to Extreme Measures This tenant had a history of housing instability due to mental health challenges. She was transitioning from an air-source heat pump to quantum storage heaters but had ongoing disputes about her previous heating system.
Key Findings & Interventions:
Case Study 6: A Tenant Who Took on Advice, Demonstrating Tangible Impact This case, just weeks old, reinforced my drive to keep pushing forward. It involves the same property type, on the same street, as the first case—highlighting the stark contrast that behaviour makes.
Key Findings & Interventions:
This case has been pivotal in shaping my approach to tenant engagement. It reinforced that education, demonstration, and making concepts tangible are key to shifting behaviours in a way that tenants trust and adopt.
The Role of Environmental Monitoring—And How Feedback Will Improve It
Environmental monitoring is already playing a crucial role in identifying underheating, tracking trends in home conditions, and helping us better understand how heating, ventilation, and occupancy interact. The data we’re collecting is incredibly precise, allowing us to see patterns that would otherwise go unnoticed—fluctuations in temperature, humidity spikes, the impact of different heating schedules, and how small interventions like extractor fan use affect the indoor environment.
But while the data is powerful, it only tells part of the story. The real value comes when we combine this objective data with feedback from the people actually living in these homes. Tenant insights—how they perceive their comfort levels, how they interpret their energy use, what barriers they face to using heating effectively—will allow us to refine how we interpret environmental monitoring data and improve the way we respond.
How Feedback Will Strengthen Our Approach
Next Steps: Encouraging Two-Way Engagement
For environmental monitoring to be most effective, it can’t just be a passive system that collects data in the background. The more we involve tenants—explaining what the data means, encouraging them to reflect on their own heating habits, and using their feedback to refine our approach—the more impact we’ll see.
This is something we’re already embedding into our work, but there’s huge potential to take it further. Whether that’s through personalised reports for tenants, more interactive engagement, or improved survey methods, the goal is to create a system where the technology and the user experience feed into each other, continuously improving both.
We’re still handling several serious and long-term underheating cases where tenants are reluctant, or in some cases outright resistant, to increasing their heating, despite persistent damp and mould issues. These cases have made me question whether we’re doing enough to understand and address the barriers to proper heating—and whether we need a clearer definition of what an absolute minimum, non-negotiable level of heating should be in our homes.
These conversations have prompted me to commit more time to this project, looking at heating behaviour, cost perceptions, and what’s actually achievable for tenants, particularly those on low incomes. There’s a lot to unpick—from misunderstandings about heating costs to the role landlords play in guiding tenants to use their heating effectively. I’m keen to explore this further and to hear from others working on similar challenges.
Some tenants remain convinced that their issue is structural, despite monitoring data, surveys, and remedial works. Others are financially cautious—sometimes for valid reasons, sometimes based on perceptions of cost rather than actual figures. Some are simply reluctant to engage in conversations about their energy use, often because they see it as something private or unrelated to their housing conditions.
Whatever the reason, the result is that we’re left with case studies that clearly show the impact of ventilation and insulation improvements but fail to demonstrate what could happen if heating use was optimised alongside them. It’s a missing piece that could completely transform the outcomes—but only if we can find the right way to engage tenants in that final step.
What Tenants Say vs. What the Data Shows
One of the most interesting things I’ve found is that people often believe they are heating their homes adequately, but the reality is very different. Rose Chard talked about this on the Healthy Homes podcast—her research showed that most people, when asked, stated they were heating their homes properly, but the actual temperatures recorded in their homes didn’t match up.
This lines up with what I’ve seen in environmental monitoring data and tenant feedback. Some tenants genuinely think their homes are warm enough, but their heating use suggests otherwise. Others are very aware of their energy bills and deliberately limit their heating because they’re worried about costs, often without realising that they’re keeping their homes at unhealthy levels.
Misconceptions Around Heating Costs
A big part of this resistance seems to come from concerns about cost—and I completely understand why.
That final example I mentioned—the one who increased her heating—was initially really worried about how much it would cost her.
Meanwhile, I’ve had other tenants come to me with complaints about heating costs where the perception doesn’t quite match reality. One tenant told us they’d had a heat pump issue that had resulted in a ￡300 bill for one month. We looked into it, and it turned out the bill was actually for three months—completely in line with what we’d expect for that home during winter.
Then there’s the issue of standing charges. Many tenants are deeply worried about gas costs, but when you check, their actual usage is low—the high cost comes from the standing charge or an unfavourable tariff. Some tenants have even gone so far as to remove their gas meters entirely because they don’t want to pay the daily charge. This means they’re left with no fixed heating source, relying on inefficient plug-in heaters or not heating their homes at all.
Landlord vs. Tenant Responsibilities: Who Is Accountable for Heating and Excess Cold?
This raises a bigger question: where does this leave landlords when it comes to disrepair claims and Housing Ombudsman cases?
Section 11 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 sets out that a landlord is required to keep the structure of the home and its heating system 'in repair'. The same section sets out that tenants are required to
"use the property in a tenant-like manner."
But does this include using the heating system properly? If a tenant has a fully functional central heating system but refuses to use it, is the landlord still responsible for condensation and mould issues that arise as a result?
Sections 9A and 10 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985: Introduced by the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018, this section requires landlords to ensure their properties remain fit for human habitation throughout the tenancy. Excess cold is one of the factors that can render a home unfit. Landlords must provide adequate heating and insulation to prevent unreasonably low indoor temperatures. Section 10 defines "fitness for human habitation" and explicitly lists "freedom from damp" and "adequate heating" as essential requirements. A home without sufficient heating could be deemed legally uninhabitable. It is important to note that the section clarifies that it must be defective (and so far defective) to be considered unfit for habitation:
"the house [or dwelling] shall be regarded as unfit for human habitation if, and only if, it is so far defective in one or more of those matters that it is not reasonably suitable for occupation in that condition."
So again it begs the question: if the heating system is not defective but it is also not being used, this may lead to a defect in the form of excess cold, damp or mould. Where does the liability sit? The answer to this lies in this paragraph of the act "In subsection (1) “prescribed hazard” means any matter or circumstance amounting to a hazard for the time being prescribed in regulations made by the Secretary of State under section 2 of the Housing Act 2004." Following the trail, we end up with the HHSRS:
Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS)
The HHSRS, introduced under the Housing Act 2004, assesses risks in residential properties, including excess cold. Excess cold is classified as one of the 29 hazards that can pose a serious health risk to occupants. Local authorities use this framework to evaluate the risk and require landlords to take remedial action where necessary. Para 10.6 of the HHSRS Operators Guidance states that:
The HHSRS concentrates on threats to health and safety. It is generally not concerned with matters of quality, comfort and convenience. However, in some cases, such matters could also have an impact on a person’s physical or mental health or safety and so can be considered.
The guidance goes on to clarify that consideration should be given to responsibility for deficiencies and hazards:
2.32 Hazards in dwellings can result from:
(a) deficiencies solely attributable to the design, construction and/or maintenance of the dwelling;
(b) deficiencies solely attributable to the behaviour of the occupants or neighbours; and
(c) deficiencies which are attributable to both the dwelling and the occupants or neighbours.
"2.33 The HHSRS provides a means of assessing the dwelling. It is, therefore, concerned only with those deficiencies that can be attributable solely or partly to the design, construction and/or maintenance of the dwelling [...]. This assessment is of the dwelling disregarding the current occupiers (if any)9, and based on the potential effect of any hazards on a member of the relevant vulnerable age group10. This is important and means that the assessment will not be affected by a change of occupier, and that an unoccupied dwelling can be assessed."
It also states that:
"Dwellings, as well as providing protection from the environment, should be capable of being occupied safely and healthily by a range of households with a spectrum of lifestyles. Also, dwellings should meet the needs of a wide range of households whose members may include the elderly or the very young. In some cases, occupiers, through their activities and the furniture, furnishings, fixtures and fittings they may introduce, can increase or reduce the likelihood of a hazardous occurrence and the severity of harm from any such occurrence. It is not always possible to apportion the contribution a deficiency makes to the likelihood of an occurrence and the contribution made by the behaviour of the occupants."
The Rating System is primarily concerned with those matters which can properly be considered the responsibility of the owner (or landlord) even where the dwelling is occupied by the owner. This means that it is necessary to distinguish between those elements of a dwelling for which responsibility lies with the dwelling owner (or landlord) and those for which responsibility lies with the user (the occupier).
Housing Ombudsman’s Stance on Heating and Excess Cold
The Housing Ombudsman has reinforced that landlords must take proactive measures to address heating deficiencies and ensure tenants are not living in homes that are excessively cold. Common themes in upheld complaints include:
The Ombudsman expects landlords to respond promptly to heating failures, conduct property assessments to prevent heat loss, and support tenants in maintaining a healthy indoor temperature.
A spotlight report on complaints about heating, hot water and energy in social housing was published in 2021, and is available here: Spotlight on: Complaints about heating | Housing Ombudsman, with a supplimantry webinar which covered the subject: Heating-and-Hot-Water-Webinar-.pdf
Balancing Responsibilities: Where does this leave us?
From a legal standpoint, both landlords and tenants have distinct yet interrelated responsibilities when it comes to heating and excess cold. Ultimately, it is decided on a case-by-case basis, by the Housing Ombudsman and the Courts. As sections 9a and 10 are relatively new, there is no binding case law yet which we can rely on.
Landlords are obligated under Section 11 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 to ensure heating systems are in good repair and functioning properly. Sections 9A and 10, introduced by the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018, extend this responsibility to ensuring homes remain fit for habitation, including providing adequate heating. Additionally, under the HHSRS, landlords must take reasonable steps to mitigate excess cold risks and ensure homes are suitable for a range of occupants, including vulnerable groups. The Housing Ombudsman also places clear expectations on landlords to act swiftly on heating issues and prevent conditions that could cause harm to tenants.
However, tenants also have a duty to use the home in a "tenant-like manner." While landlords must provide a working heating system, tenants are expected to use it appropriately to prevent excess cold and its associated risks, such as condensation and mould. The HHSRS guidance acknowledges that occupant behaviour can contribute to deficiencies but focuses on the property itself when assessing hazards. This creates a grey area—if a tenant chooses not to use the heating, leading to cold and damp conditions, the legal responsibility becomes less clear.
Ultimately, liability depends on whether the issue arises from a defect in the property or tenant behaviour. If a heating system is faulty or inadequate, the responsibility clearly falls on the landlord. If a tenant has access to working heating but does not use it, the landlord’s obligation is less straightforward. This reinforces the need for clear communication, proactive support, and appropriate interventions to balance legal responsibilities while ensuring homes remain warm, safe, and habitable.
How Does Fuel Poverty Fit In?
Another factor to consider is fuel poverty. In Mid Devon, our rents are almost all at social rent levels, meaning they are covered by Local Housing Allowance (LHA). That means even tenants on full welfare benefits should, in theory, have enough income to cover reasonable heating costs.
Fuel poverty in England is defined as when a household’s energy costs are above the national median, and paying for them pushes the household below the poverty line.
Can Tenants Help Each Other?
I’ve been wondering whether tenants might be more open to changing their heating habits if the advice came from other tenants rather than from the council.
The tenant who adjusted her heating and saw improvements could be the perfect person to become an ‘energy champion’—someone who shares their experience and encourages others to think differently about heating.
Action Plan Moving Forward
Given the insights from environmental monitoring, tenant feedback, and case studies, the next steps should focus on a more structured approach to tackling underheating and tenant engagement. The following action plan outlines key initiatives:
1. Strengthening Tenant Engagement and Education
2. Refining Environmental Monitoring and Feedback Integration
3. Defining Minimum Heating Standards and Addressing Financial Concerns
4. Reviewing Policy and Legal Considerations
Conclusion and Next Steps
The challenge of underheating and tenant reluctance to adjust heating behaviours is complex, involving a mix of financial concerns, misconceptions, and behavioural patterns. While environmental monitoring has provided valuable insights into heating trends and property conditions, the missing piece remains tenant engagement—understanding their perceptions, addressing their barriers, and building trust in the data.
By taking a more proactive, evidence-based approach, we can refine our interventions and provide more tailored support. From improving pre-tenancy education to leveraging peer-to-peer support and smart monitoring, there are multiple avenues to explore.
A key focus moving forward will be defining clear minimum heating thresholds and ensuring tenants understand not just what to do, but why it matters. Strengthening tenant feedback mechanisms will also be crucial, as real-world insights will help shape the future of heating guidance and interventions.
Ultimately, the goal is to create a housing environment where tenants feel empowered to heat their homes effectively, understand the real costs of heating, and trust that the guidance given is in their best interest. This is an ongoing conversation—one that will evolve as we continue gathering data and refining our approach.
I’d welcome insights from others working in housing—how are you addressing similar challenges? What strategies have worked in tackling heating reluctance and fuel poverty? Let’s keep this discussion going.
Head of Direct Services - DLO Leadership Professional
2 周Rosie, your article brilliantly captures the missing piece in some damp and mould prevention strategies. I’ve seen identical patterns—comprehensive technical solutions fall short when heating behaviours don't change. Your insights on resident perceptions of heating costs versus reality particularly resonated with me. I'd be keen to explore developing shared resources for resident education on heating behaviours and collaborating on establishing industry-wide minimum standards. The resident peer champion approach could be transformative for engagement. Thank you for highlighting this often-overlooked dimension
Accommodation Finding Team Strategic Lead
2 周Hi Rosie would it posdible to connect? I managed the Accommodation Finding Services for Birmingham procuring private sector properties.
Surveyor | Supervisor
3 周Heating alone is not a silver bullet for damp and mould issues in social housing. While maintaining 18 - 21°C helps, ventilation, insulation, and overall building conditions play a far greater role. Residents may underreport issues to avoid blame, making insights from damp and mould supervisors and experienced surveyors more reliable. Many reports are written by professionals lacking hands-on building experience, leading to incomplete and often conflicting conclusions. With Awaab’s Law incoming, such inconsistencies will only increase. But I am invested. Many thanks for the article.
Surveyor at Bromford Housing
3 周Rosie, a most well thought through article. Thank you for sharing. Emma Burton
We have rebranded to create a new company: 3d Cloud Studio Ltd
1 个月Great article - did you find any evidence to support the need for the fabric of the property to heat up and that by keeping the heating on so as to prevent a significant drop in the building envelope temp is better than timed shorter intervals.