Guide to specialties in IT

Explore a Variety of Professions in IT, Software Development, Hardware Development, Security, Clouds Computing, Game Development, Emerging Technologies and Others.

Table of Contents

?? Who needs this guide?

?? About the author

1?? C-level - company executives.

2?? Specialties directly related to Tech.

?? Software developers

???? Tech/Team Leads

?? QA Engineers

??? System Administrators

?? Cybersecurity Specialists

?? DevOps Engineers

??? ARCHITECTS

?? Database Specialists

?? Cloud Engineers

?? Machine Learning Engineers and AI Specialists

?? Telecommunications Engineers

?? Embedded Systems Engineers

?? Data Scientists / Analysts

?? Artists and Designers

?? Sound Engineers / Composers

3?? Other professionals working not related to tech directly

?? About the author

Hello there! I'm Serhii Hupa, an Architect and Leader with a mission of connecting businesses with software development. With over 12 years in the IT industry, I've explored diverse roles in various companies and domains. My journey is marked by a spectrum of projects, from kickstarting startups to crafting monumental systems.

I'm passionate about sharing the wealth of experiences and insights I've accumulated. Follow me for valuable and engaging content on software development, IT work culture, job searching strategies, and insights on leadership and management:

www.dhirubhai.net/in/serhiihupa

?? Who needs this guide?

??This guide will be useful for:

?? Students and graduates: those who are still choosing their career path or are just starting their journey in IT.

?? Professionals changing careers: for those looking to transition into IT from another field and want to understand the structure of the industry.

?? Leaders and managers: to better understand the roles and tasks their subordinates perform and how to manage the team effectively.

?? HR professionals and recruiters: for a correct understanding of the job positions they are hiring for and to grasp the team structure during the recruitment process.

?? Investors and stakeholders of IT companies: to better understand how the company operates and which positions are key.

?? Beginners in IT: to grasp the hierarchy and potential career advancement paths.

?? Professionals working in fields related to IT: for example, in marketing, sales, PR, who need to understand the specifics of their IT colleagues' work.

?? Educators and Academic Advisors: who guide students towards their future careers and need to stay informed about the evolving tech landscape.

?? Policy Makers and Government Officials: involved in shaping the future of technology education, employment, and industry regulations.

?? Entrepreneurs and Startup Founders: seeking to understand the breadth of technical roles to build well-rounded teams for their tech ventures.

?? Product Managers and Project Coordinators: to gain insights into how different tech roles contribute to product development and project success.

?? Technology Enthusiasts: who are keen on keeping up with the latest trends and opportunities in the tech industry.

?? Career Counselors and Coaches: specializing in tech careers, needing comprehensive knowledge to guide clients effectively.

?? Librarians and Information Specialists: who provide resources on career development and tech education to the community.

?? Non-Technical Staff in Tech Companies: such as administrative, finance, and human resources employees, to understand the technical ecosystem they support.

1?? C-level - company executives.

CEO (Chief Executive Officer): The highest-ranking executive responsible for overall management and executing the strategic direction approved by the board of directors.

CFO (Chief Financial Officer): Responsible for financial planning, risk management, and financial reporting.

COO (Chief Operating Officer): Manages the company's day-to-day operations and often focuses on internal optimization.

CTO (Chief Technology Officer): Responsible for the company's technological strategy and innovations.

CCO (Chief Commercial Officer): Responsible for the commercial strategy, sales, marketing, and customer relations.

CMO (Chief Marketing Officer): Manages the marketing strategy, advertising, public relations, and the company's brand.

CIO (Chief Information Officer): Responsible for the IT strategy, resources, and systems of the company.

CSO (Chief Strategy Officer): Focuses on long-term strategic planning and development of the company.

CLO (Chief Legal Officer): Responsible for legal matters, including compliance with laws, corporate law, and patent issues.

CDO (Chief Digital Officer): Responsible for digital transformation and the implementation of new digital tools and technologies.

CHRO (Chief Human Resources Officer) or CPO (Chief People Officer): Manages hiring, training, development, and retention of employees.

CISO (Chief Information Security Officer): Manages the strategy and operations related to the protection of the company's information.

CRO (Chief Revenue Officer): Typically responsible for all revenue streams of the company, integrating sales, marketing, and customer service.

CPO (Chief Product Officer): Responsible for the strategy, development, and release of the company's products.

2?? Specialties directly related to Tech.

?? Software developers

Software developers are professionals who build and maintain software applications. They analyze user needs, design software solutions, write and test code, and integrate applications with other systems. They work across various platforms, including desktop, web, and mobile, using multiple programming languages and technologies.

Front-end developers specialize in building the user interface and experience of a website or application. They use HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create visually appealing and responsive designs, ensuring that the application is user-friendly and accessible across different devices and browsers.

Back-end developers focus on the server-side of web applications. They manage the database interactions, server logic, and architecture, ensuring the data and services requested by the front end are delivered efficiently. They work with server-side languages like PHP, Ruby, Python, Java, and .NET.

Full-stack developers have expertise in both front-end and back-end development. They can create complete web applications, handling everything from the user interface to the database logic. This role requires a broad knowledge of web development technologies and principles.

Mobile developers (iOS, Android) specialize in creating applications for mobile devices. iOS developers use Swift or Objective-C to develop apps for Apple's iOS platform, while Android developers use Java or Kotlin for Android devices. They focus on optimizing app performance and user experience on mobile platforms.

Web developers build and maintain websites and web applications. They can specialize in front-end or back-end development but generally have knowledge across both areas. They work with various web technologies and programming languages to deliver a functional and engaging user experience.

Blockchain developers specialize in developing and implementing blockchain technology solutions. They create decentralized applications (DApps), smart contracts, and protocols using blockchain platforms like Ethereum. They focus on ensuring security, transparency, and efficiency in transactions and data exchange.

Game developers design and create video games for various platforms, including PCs, consoles, and mobile devices. This field includes gameplay programmers who focus on game mechanics, engine programmers who develop the game engine, and AI programmers who implement artificial intelligence behaviors in games. They work collaboratively with artists, designers, and sound engineers to bring the game to life.

???? Tech/Team Leads

Tech Leads are responsible for guiding the technical direction of a project or team. They make architectural decisions, mentor developers, and ensure that technical standards and best practices are followed. Their role bridges the gap between the technical team and management, ensuring project goals are met with technical excellence.

Team Leads manage and motivate their team members to achieve project objectives. They oversee the day-to-day activities, ensure team collaboration, and address any issues that arise. While they may also be involved in technical decision-making, their primary focus is on team dynamics and performance.

?? QA Engineers

Quality Assurance (QA) Engineers ensure that software products meet quality standards and function as intended before they are released to the public. They work closely with development teams to identify bugs and issues within software, using various testing methodologies to assess functionality, performance, and user experience.

Manual QA Engineers focus on manually testing the functionality of software applications. They execute test cases without the use of automation tools to simulate user behavior and identify bugs or inconsistencies in the software. This role requires a keen eye for detail and a comprehensive understanding of the software's intended functionality.

Automation QA Engineers specialize in developing and executing automated test scripts using testing software. Their goal is to automate repetitive tasks in the testing process to increase efficiency and consistency in test execution. They work on creating, maintaining, and improving automated testing frameworks and scripts.

Performance QA Engineers assess the performance and scalability of software applications under various conditions. They focus on ensuring that the software operates efficiently, with quick load times and responsiveness, even under heavy loads or high traffic. They use performance testing tools to simulate real-life usage scenarios and identify bottlenecks.

Security Testing Engineers specialize in identifying vulnerabilities and security flaws within software applications. They conduct tests to uncover potential security risks, such as susceptibility to hacking, data breaches, and unauthorized access. Their work is crucial in ensuring that software applications are secure and protect user data against cyber threats.

??? System Administrators

System Administrators are responsible for the maintenance, configuration, and reliable operation of computer systems and servers. They install hardware and software, manage network servers and technology tools, set up accounts and workstations, and solve problems to ensure that the infrastructure of an organization runs smoothly.

Network Engineers design, implement, and manage the networks that support in-house voice, data, video, and wireless network services. Their role is crucial for ensuring the integrity of high availability network infrastructure to provide maximum performance for their users. They typically work on system installation, routine maintenance, and troubleshooting of networks.

IT Support Specialists provide technical support and assistance to organizations and their employees or clients. They troubleshoot software and hardware issues, guide users through step-by-step solutions, perform system repairs, and act as consultants for system management and upgrades. Their role is pivotal in maintaining the IT infrastructure's operational health.

??? Cybersecurity Specialists

Cybersecurity Specialists safeguard systems, networks, and data against cyber threats. They manage security protocols to prevent unauthorized access and cyber risks, monitor vulnerabilities, perform security assessments, and respond to incidents.

Cybersecurity Analysts defend an organization's cyber environment by analyzing and monitoring security systems for breaches. They evaluate alerts, conduct vulnerability assessments, devise risk mitigation strategies, and suggest security improvements.

?? DevOps Engineers

DevOps Specialists focus on the practical application of DevOps principles and tools to streamline development cycles and operational processes. They work on automating tasks, improving system performance, and ensuring high availability of services. Their goal is to bridge gaps between development, operations, and quality assurance teams to achieve faster and more reliable software releases.

??? ARCHITECTS

Enterprise Architect (EA): Focuses on aligning an organization's strategy with technology. They design the overall technology framework for the company, ensuring that IT systems and policies support the organization's business goals.

Solution Architect: Responsible for designing and managing the solution architecture of a specific project or system. They work closely with business analysts and project managers to ensure that the proposed solution fits within the enterprise architecture and meets the project's requirements.

Technical Architect: Often considered similar to a solution architect but with a focus more on the technical decisions and technical standards of the solution, including technology stack and integration of various components.

Software Architect: Deals specifically with the software architecture, focusing on the design of software components (like APIs, libraries, and services) and their interactions. This role involves making decisions on coding standards, tools, and platforms.

Data Architect: Specializes in designing and managing an organization's data architecture. This includes databases, data processing, and data storage solutions, ensuring that the data supports the organization's requirements.

Infrastructure Architect: Focuses on the design and implementation of IT infrastructure, including hardware, network, and cloud services. They ensure that the infrastructure meets the performance and scalability requirements of the applications it supports.

Cloud Architect: Specializes in cloud computing strategies, including the design, implementation, and management of cloud services and infrastructure. They make decisions on cloud providers, cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), and the integration of on-premises and cloud resources.

Security Architect: Responsible for creating and maintaining the security architecture of an organization. This role involves designing security protocols, managing risk, and ensuring that software and infrastructure are protected against threats.

Systems Architect: A broad role that designs and oversees the implementation of complex systems, often encompassing both hardware and software components, to ensure they work harmoniously.

Domain-Specific Architects: In addition to the general roles, there are architects who specialize in specific domains such as AI, IoT (Internet of Things), game development, and more. These roles require deep knowledge of the particular domain and its technological needs.

?? Database Specialists

Database Specialists design, implement, and manage databases to store, organize, and access data efficiently. They ensure database security, performance, and integrity, and often work with specific database management systems to optimize data handling and retrieval.

Database Administrators (DBAs) focus on maintaining and managing database environments to ensure they operate efficiently. They handle database design, security, performance tuning, backup, and recovery. DBAs ensure data availability and security for users while optimizing database systems for performance and reliability.

?? Cloud Engineers

Cloud Engineers specialize in designing, implementing, and managing cloud computing solutions. They work with cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud to deploy and maintain scalable, reliable, and secure cloud infrastructures and services.

?? Machine Learning Engineers and AI Specialists

AI Engineers design and implement artificial intelligence systems. They work on creating algorithms that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, interpreting data, and making decisions.

Machine Learning Engineers focus on creating algorithms and models that allow computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data. They apply statistical analysis and computational algorithms to build, train, and deploy machine learning models.

NLP Engineers specialize in the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics, developing systems that understand, interpret, and generate human language. Their work enables machines to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.

Computer Vision Engineers develop algorithms and systems that enable computers to interpret and understand the visual world. They work on applications such as image recognition, video analysis, and real-time object detection.

Robotics Engineers design and build robots and robotic systems that can perform a variety of tasks. They integrate software and hardware to create systems that can operate autonomously or assist humans, applying machine learning and AI to enhance robotic perception and decision-making.

?? Telecommunications Engineers

Telecommunications Engineers specialize in the design, implementation, and maintenance of voice and data communication systems. They work on various technologies, including telephone networks, broadband, wireless communication, and satellite systems, ensuring reliable and efficient transmission of data.

?? Embedded Systems Engineers

Embedded Systems Engineers design and develop specialized computing systems that are part of larger systems and perform dedicated functions. They integrate hardware and software to create systems for various applications, from consumer electronics to automotive control systems and medical devices.

?? Data Scientists / Analysts

Data Scientists and Analysts extract insights and knowledge from data. They use statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, and data processing techniques to analyze complex datasets, predict trends, and inform decision-making. Data Scientists focus on creating models to understand patterns and predict outcomes, while Analysts concentrate on data exploration, visualization, and reporting.

?? Artists and Designers

Artists and Designers in the IT industry create visual content and designs for digital media. They work across various domains, including web design, graphic design, UI/UX design, and 3D modeling, to enhance the aesthetic appeal and usability of digital products.

UI/UX Designers specialize in designing user interfaces and experiences for digital products. Their goal is to make software, websites, and apps easy to navigate and aesthetically pleasing. They focus on understanding user needs, designing wireframes and prototypes, and testing designs for usability.

Web Designers create the visual layout and aesthetic of websites. They combine graphic design skills with knowledge of web development to produce functional and attractive web pages. They work closely with web developers to turn their designs into working website pages.

Graphic Designers create visual content to communicate messages. Using design elements such as typography, colors, and images, they develop layouts and designs for various media, including websites, advertising, brochures, and social media posts.

3D Modelers design and create three-dimensional models for video games, movies, and simulations. They use specialized software to sculpt, texture, and animate models, contributing to the creation of realistic or stylized digital environments and characters.

?? Sound Engineers / Composers

Sound Engineers and Composers are professionals who work with the technical and creative aspects of sound. Sound Engineers focus on recording, editing, mixing, and mastering audio to ensure high-quality sound production for various media, including music, film, and video games. Composers, on the other hand, create original music and soundtracks, crafting compositions that enhance the emotional and narrative elements of visual media projects. Both roles require a deep understanding of music theory, audio technology, and the creative process.

3?? Other professionals not directly related to tech.

Project Managers oversee the planning, execution, and completion of projects, ensuring they are completed on time, within budget, and meet quality standards. They coordinate teams, manage resources, and communicate with stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle.

Product Managers are responsible for the strategy, roadmap, and feature definition of a product or product line. They work closely with engineering, sales, marketing, and support to ensure business goals are met and that the product delivers value to customers.

Scrum Masters facilitate the Scrum process for software development teams, ensuring the team adheres to Scrum practices and principles. They act as a coach to the team, helping to remove impediments, facilitating meetings, and ensuring clear communication among team members and stakeholders.

Agile Coaches help organizations adopt and improve Agile methodologies. They provide training and mentoring to teams and individuals on Agile principles and practices, focusing on enhancing team dynamics, efficiency, and adaptability to change. They play a key role in facilitating organizational transformation towards Agile.

Delivery Managers ensure the successful delivery of projects or services to customers. They manage project timelines, budgets, and resources, focusing on meeting customer expectations and achieving high satisfaction levels. Their role involves close coordination with both the project team and clients to ensure smooth project execution.

Project Coordinators assist in the planning, execution, and completion of projects. They handle administrative tasks, such as scheduling meetings, managing project documentation, and communicating project status to stakeholders. Their role supports the project manager and team by ensuring smooth project logistics and administration.

Business Analysts identify business needs and determine solutions to business problems. They gather requirements, analyze data, and work with stakeholders to define project objectives, improve processes, and implement systems that enhance efficiency and effectiveness.

Marketing Specialists, including Digital Marketing Specialists and SEO/SEM Specialists, develop and implement marketing strategies to promote products or services. They manage campaigns, analyze market trends, and utilize digital channels to increase brand awareness and generate leads.

Sales Specialists focus on selling products and services, developing relationships with potential clients, and meeting sales targets. They possess deep knowledge of the products they sell and the markets they serve.

HR Specialists manage recruitment, employee relations, benefits, training, and performance management. They play a key role in fostering a productive work environment and ensuring compliance with labor laws.

PR Specialists manage the public image and communications of an organization, handling media relations, press releases, and public events.

Content Managers oversee the creation, editing, and publication of content across various platforms. They ensure content aligns with the organization's brand and meets the needs of the target audience.

Customer Support Specialists assist users with inquiries, problems, and complaints regarding products or services. They provide timely and accurate information to ensure customer satisfaction.

Content Creators specialize in generating engaging and informative content tailored to the tech industry, including articles, blogs, and multimedia content.

Technical Writers create manuals, how-tos, and documentation that explain complex information in a clear and concise manner. They work closely with product and engineering teams to make products easier to use.

Account Managers serve as the liaison between the company and its clients, ensuring client satisfaction and managing ongoing relationships. They identify client needs and work to provide solutions that align with business goals.

Legal Advisors in IT/IP specialize in intellectual property and information technology law, providing guidance on legal issues related to software, copyright, patents, and data protection.

Finance Specialists manage financial planning, analysis, and reporting. They oversee budgeting, financial forecasting, and the financial health of the organization.

Technical Recruiters specialize in hiring IT professionals, understanding technical roles and requirements, and matching candidates with appropriate positions.

Office Managers ensure the smooth operation of an office on a day-to-day basis. They manage administrative staff, oversee facilities, and ensure office supplies are managed efficiently.

Accountants handle financial records, including transactions, tax filings, and financial statements, ensuring accuracy and compliance with legal requirements.

Sales Managers lead sales teams, develop sales strategies, and drive revenue growth by selling IT products and services.

Digital Marketing Specialists use online platforms to promote products or services, engaging with customers through social media, email marketing, and digital advertising.

Business Development Managers identify business opportunities, build key customer relationships, and negotiate and close business deals to drive growth.

Compliance Officers ensure that organizations comply with laws, regulations, and internal policies, minimizing risk and maintaining the company's integrity.

Training & Development Specialists assess training needs, develop curriculum, and conduct training programs to improve employee skills and knowledge.

HR Partners work closely with business units to solve complex employee relations issues, implement HR strategies, and support organizational change.

Financial Analysts evaluate financial data, prepare reports, and make recommendations to improve financial performance.

Legal Advisors provide counsel on a range of IT-related legal issues, from contract negotiations to compliance with technology laws.

Community Managers build, grow, and manage online communities, engaging with users on social media and other platforms to foster a positive environment.

Translators specialize in converting written material from one language to another, crucial for software localization and ensuring content is accessible to international audiences.

Event Coordinators plan and execute technical events, managing logistics, scheduling, and participant engagement to ensure successful outcomes.

Research Scientists conduct experiments and research in various fields of science and technology, contributing to new discoveries and innovations.

Solutions Consultants provide expert advice and design customized solutions to meet specific client needs, often in technology or business services.

Technical Evangelists promote the use of specific technologies or products through demonstrations, presentations, and social media engagement.

Partner Managers develop and maintain relationships with business partners, identifying opportunities for collaboration and mutual growth.

E-commerce Specialists focus on online sales strategies, optimizing online stores, product listings, and customer experience to maximize sales.

CRM Managers oversee customer relationship management strategies and systems to improve customer loyalty and engagement.

?? Conclusion

This guide aims to be a helpful tool for anyone looking to find their place in tech, whether you're just starting out, thinking of changing careers, or leading a team. It encourages us to see the many paths technology can take us on and inspires us to take on the challenges and chances the tech future will bring with creativity and determination.

If this guide was useful, please consider sharing it, hitting the like button, and dropping a comment below. Your interaction is key to spreading useful information and building a community that learns and grows together in the tech field. Thanks for reading, and let’s keep the conversation going!