Growing incidence of allergic cough in kids: What should parents do?

Children complaining of respiratory problems have increased when the Air Quality Index (AQI) declines. These are some safety measures that parents can implement for their kids.

According to a recent IQAir 2023 assessment, Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata are the fourth, seventh, and tenth most polluted cities in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines optimal air quality as five micrograms of PM2.5 per cubic meter. Still, around 60% of Indians live in areas where PM2.5 particle concentrations are at least seven times greater than what the WHO recommends. Furthermore, the quality of the air decreases sharply as winter approaches.

Children complaining of respiratory problems have increased when the Air Quality Index (AQI) declines. Compared to the previous year, medical professionals are seeing a 30–40% rise in children experiencing breathing problems. Given the morning smog and elevated pollution levels throughout the holiday season, it is anticipated that the numbers will rise in the upcoming weeks. Among the common problems among children nowadays are allergic rhinitis, persistent cough, and dyspnea. Children with allergic rhinitis experience runny noses, itching and sneezing due to nasal irritation. Similarly, allergies or illnesses that cause asthma, shortness of breath, etc. could be the cause of a persistent cough.

Because it affects a child's growth and immunity in addition to their breathing and lungs, air pollution is bad for a child's general health. Bronchitis and other long-term respiratory problems can also result from prolonged exposure to contaminated air.

Factors:

The causes of children's respiratory allergies are multifaceted. Genetics is a significant factor. Environmental elements such as temperature, smog, pollution, eating patterns, and way of life, among others, are crucial.

Additionally, we've noticed that, unlike in the past, when children with similar respiratory problems and coughs would simply recover after four to five days of medicine, they now need two to three weeks to get better. Oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation are both brought on by pollution.

Therefore, one should try to avoid being around pollution. Children, the elderly, and pregnant women are among the vulnerable age groups who should stay away from indoor pollutants such as fumes from cigarettes, incense sticks, dhoop sticks, mosquito coils, and so on. Few people are aware that indoor pollutants can also negatively affect lung health, thus individuals should exercise caution when it comes to both indoor and outdoor pollutants.

Precautions and Treatment:

Knowing the triggers for allergies, coughs, and breathing problems is crucial for parents. It is essential to identify the allergens, seek treatment, and speak with an allergy specialist. Observe the doctor's recommendations when using the nasal sprays and inhalers. Contrary to popular belief, these drugs do not have any significant side effects and enter the lungs directly. They don't lead to addiction or dependence when used consistently.

Additionally, parents ought to urge their children to play inside and stay as far away from contaminated air as they can.

Children must wear appropriate masks to school to reduce their exposure to contaminated air. Moreover, immunity and general well-being depend on eating a balanced diet and doing regular exercise.

Conclusion

In conclusion, as a parent, it's crucial to stay vigilant to environmental triggers like pollen and dust, consulting with a pediatrician for personalized preventive strategies. Promoting good hygiene practices and maintaining an allergen-free sleep environment are key. Keeping a diary helps track and manage allergic cough episodes effectively. By staying informed and collaborating with healthcare providers, we can ensure our children's well-being and minimize the impact of allergies on their daily lives. It's a proactive approach towards nurturing a healthier and happier future for our kids.

Warm regards,

Dr. ABhishek Pasari, Founder, My Shishu ??

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