Grade 6 Science Project: Unit 4 - Energy in Our Day-to-Day Life.
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### Unit 4 - Energy in Our Day-to-Day Life
#### Part I: Short Answers
1. What is the main source of energy?
- Answer: The Sun.
- Explanation: The Sun is the primary source of energy for the Earth. It provides light and heat and is crucial for many energy conversions that sustain life and various energy systems.
2. Which appliance helps to convert solar energy to electric energy?
- Answer: Solar panels.
- Explanation: Solar panels capture sunlight and convert it into electricity through photovoltaic cells.
3. Write types of energy that can be gained from the sun.
- Answer: Light energy, heat (thermal) energy, and solar energy for electricity.
- Explanation: The Sun provides light and heat, which can be used directly or converted to other forms of energy like electricity.
4. Write an example of biomass.
- Answer: Wood.
- Explanation: Biomass includes organic materials like wood, crop waste, and animal manure that can be used as fuel.
5. Write two factors necessary to form fossil fuel.
- Answer: High pressure and long periods of time.
- Explanation: Fossil fuels are formed from decayed plants and animals over millions of years under high pressure and temperature.
6. What type of energy is contained in water stored in a higher place?
- Answer: Potential energy.
- Explanation: Water stored at a height has gravitational potential energy, which can be converted into kinetic energy when it flows downward.
7. What do you call the huge, strong sea wave that reaches the shore?
- Answer: Tsunami.
- Explanation: A tsunami is a powerful sea wave usually caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption, which can reach the shore with immense force.
8. What are the two types of tidal waves?
- Answer: High tide and low tide.
- Explanation: Tidal waves result from the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, causing water levels to rise (high tide) and fall (low tide).
9. From where do we obtain geothermal energy?
- Answer: The Earth’s interior.
- Explanation: Geothermal energy is derived from the heat within the Earth, often accessed through hot springs or steam vents.
10. Write an example of fossil fuel.
- Answer: Coal.
- Explanation: Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are energy sources formed from ancient organic matter.
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#### Part II: Types of Energies and Observations
1. Write the types of energy present in the following places (referencing a diagram):
- i. Tank: Potential energy
- ii. Water in the tunnel: Kinetic energy
- iii. Turbine: Mechanical energy
- iv. Wires: Electrical energy
- Explanation: These types of energy correspond to the different stages in a hydroelectric power generation system, where water’s potential energy is converted into mechanical and then electrical energy.
2. Write one observation of this setup.
- Answer: The movement of water from a high place to a low place spins the turbine, generating electricity.
- Explanation: This is a basic principle of hydroelectric power generation, where flowing water turns turbines to produce electricity.
3. What were the uses of wind in ancient times?
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- Answer: Sailing boats and grinding grains.
- Explanation: Wind power was harnessed in ancient times for navigation and for operating windmills.
4. Write an instance where we use the following sources of energy:
- i) Petrol: Fuel for vehicles.
- ii) Coal: Power generation in thermal plants.
- iii) Sugarcane: Production of bioethanol (a type of biofuel).
- iv) Tidal waves: Generating electricity in tidal power plants.
- Explanation: These energy sources serve various purposes in everyday life and industrial applications.
5. Following diagram shows two devices that use solar energy:
- i) Name devices P and Q.
- Answer: Device P is a solar panel, and Device Q is a solar cooker.
- ii) What instrument do you use to measure the temperature of the water in the beaker?
- Answer: Thermometer.
- iii) Why is device Q environmentally important?
- Answer: It reduces the need for conventional fuel, producing no pollution.
- Explanation: Solar panels and solar cookers are environmentally friendly devices that help reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources.
6. Answer the following questions:
- i) How do artificial satellites generate energy?
- Answer: They use solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity.
- Explanation: Satellites in space rely on solar panels to power their systems.
- ii) Name two uses of fossil fuels.
- Answer: Transportation and electricity generation.
- iii) How is fossil fuel generated?
- Answer: Fossil fuels form from the remains of plants and animals buried under high pressure and temperature over millions of years.
- Explanation: Fossil fuels originate from organic matter transformed through geological processes.
7. Write short notes on the following topics:
- i) Fossil fuel: Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are derived from ancient organic matter and are a significant source of energy. However, they release greenhouse gases when burned.
- ii) Sun: The Sun is the main source of energy for Earth, providing light and heat, and supporting all forms of life.
- iii) Wind: Wind energy is harnessed by windmills and turbines for electricity generation. It’s a clean and renewable energy source.
- iv) Geothermal energy: Geothermal energy is produced from the Earth’s internal heat. It is used for heating and electricity generation in areas with volcanic activity.
These answers cover the basics of energy forms and sources, with explanations tailored for a Grade 6 understanding.
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