Getting Started with HTML and CSS: A Beginner's Guide
Ivo Sardzovski-Teovski
Front-End Developer | Web Developer and Designer | Building great websites using different framework such as React, Javascript, UI
Web development is an exciting journey that begins with mastering the fundamental building blocks of the internet: HTML and CSS. Whether you're dreaming of creating stunning websites or diving into the world of front-end development, understanding these core technologies is essential. In this beginner's guide, we'll explore the basics of HTML and CSS, laying the foundation for your web development adventure.
HTML: The Structure of the Web
What is HTML? HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is the standard markup language used to create the structure of a webpage. It consists of a series of elements that define different parts of a document, such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links.
The Basic Structure of an HTML Document:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Your Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of the image">
</body>
</html>
Key HTML Elements:
CSS: Adding Style and Flair
What is CSS? CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML. It enables you to control the layout, colors, and fonts of your web pages.
Linking CSS to HTML: To apply styles to an HTML document, you link it to a CSS file using the <link> element in the <head> section.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
<title>Your Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Your HTML content here -->
</body>
</html>
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Basic CSS Syntax:
/* styles.css */
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
}
h1 {
color: #333;
}
p {
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 1.5;
}
Key CSS Properties:
Your First Webpage: Putting It All Together
Let's create a simple webpage that incorporates both HTML and CSS. Save the HTML code in an index.html file and the CSS code in a styles.css file.
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
<title>My First Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My First Webpage!</h1>
<p>This is a simple webpage created using HTML and CSS.</p>
<img src="example-image.jpg" alt="An example image">
</body>
</html>
styles.css:
/* styles.css */
body {
font-family: 'Helvetica', sans-serif;
background-color: #e0e0e0;
text-align: center;
padding: 50px;
}
h1 {
color: #333;
}
p {
font-size: 18px;
line-height: 1.6;
}
By opening the index.html file in a web browser, you'll witness your first creation—a simple webpage styled with CSS.
Congratulations! You've just scratched the surface of HTML and CSS. As you continue your journey in web development, explore more HTML elements and CSS properties, and experiment with different layouts and styles. With these foundational skills, you're well on your way to crafting engaging and visually appealing web experiences. Happy coding!