Geopolitical events history, stakeholders, solutions, pros/cons.

Hate is a job for lazy people, diplomacy is the key main driver for a stabilized Planet Earth. Author Ricardo Fonseca. The following list of events represent a mix of occured crises, and some ongoing, and those that have reached some form of resolution which means tangible lessons from the past. Nowadays geopolitics is so immerse in a "game of shadows" so facilitated trough communications advancements that permits to build the digital persona that can make 3d full body videocalls worldwide and make its voice heard. Each carries its unique set of challenges, pros and cons, stakeholders, and potential solutions, with varying degrees of international involvement and impact. They were not static events definitelly dynamic ones and its effects endure trough time in peoples minds and ways of life. Geopolitics and diplomacy is meant not to change people but to provide social and economic conditions to different society groups to cohexist in peace and mutual respect no matter the differences on a daily basis.

For any geopolitical weaponized event the solutions in the short term to save lifes and maintain open the windows for future peace came always with the following:

• Total cease fire, no war zones, partial cease fires;
• human corridors stablishment;
• immediatelly third parties diplomacy.So, Let′s dive in to these events:

1. Arab Spring (2010-2012):Location: Started in Tunisia, spread to Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, and other Middle Eastern countries.Stakeholders: Various Middle Eastern nations, global superpowers, international organizations like the UN.Pros: Highlighted the power of popular movements, led to the removal of long-time dictators.Cons: Led to civil wars, humanitarian crises, and power vacuums. Solutions: International diplomatic efforts, humanitarian aid, and in some cases, military intervention.
2. Russian Annexation of Crimea (2014):Location: Crimea, Ukraine.Stakeholders: Ukraine, Russia, EU, NATO, UN.Pros: For Russia, strategic control over the Black Sea, popularity boost for Putin domestically.Cons: Increased East-West tensions, sanctions on Russia, destabilization of : Ongoing diplomatic negotiations, economic sanctions on Russia, security assurances to neighboring countries.
3. Brexit Referendum (2016):Location: United Kingdom.Stakeholders: UK, EU member states.Pros: For proponents, meant regaining sovereignty, controlling immigration.Cons: Economic uncertainty, complex issue of the Irish border, Scotland's potential departure from the UK. Solutions: Negotiation of withdrawal agreement and subsequent trade deals, ongoing domestic and international political negotiation.
4. U.S.-China Trade War (2018-ongoing):Location: Primarily U.S. and China.Stakeholders: U.S., China, WTO, global economies.Pros: Highlighted issues with global trade imbalances, intellectual property theft.Cons: Economic harm to both nations, global economic instability. Solutions Phase one trade deal, ongoing negotiations, potential for multilateral trade agreements.
5. COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-ongoing):Location: Global.Stakeholders: All nations, WHO, various health organizations.Pros: Unprecedented global scientific collaboration, accelerated vaccine development.Cons: Millions of deaths, global economic shutdown, strain on healthcare systems. Solutions: Vaccine distribution, public health measures, economic stimulus packages, ongoing research for treatment options.
6. Syrian Civil War (2011-ongoing):Location: Syria.Stakeholders: Syrian government, rebel groups, ISIS, Russia, U.S., Turkey, Iran, UN.Pros: Hard to define any pros due to the extensive humanitarian crisis.Cons: Massive loss of life, displacement of people, destruction, and involvement of various foreign powers. Solutions: Ceasefire agreements, peace talks (though largely unsuccessful), and humanitarian aid.
7. Rohingya Crisis (2017-ongoing):Location: Myanmar (Burma), Bangladesh.Stakeholders: Rohingya people, Myanmar's government and military, Bangladesh government, UN.Pros: International awareness of the Rohingya people's plight.Cons: Human rights abuses, displacement, and statelessness of the Rohingya people. Solutions: Humanitarian assistance, pressure on Myanmar's government, and efforts (still ongoing) to repatriate refugees.
8. North Korea-U.S. Summit (2018-2019):Location: Singapore (2018), Hanoi, Vietnam (2019).Stakeholders: U.S., North Korea, South Korea, Japan, China.Pros: First-ever meeting between a sitting U.S. president and North Korean leader, initial steps towards denuclearization.Cons: No significant denuclearization steps taken, talks collapsed in 2019. Solutions: Continued diplomatic engagement (though at a stalemate).
9. Amazon Rainforest Fires (2019):Location: Brazil.Stakeholders: Brazil's government, indigenous communities, global community, environmental organizations.Pros: Increased international focus on deforestation and climate change.Cons: Loss of forest cover, biodiversity, and increased carbon emissions. Solutions: International pressure, funding for conservation, and calls for policy change in Brazil.
10. Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict (2020):Location: Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan.Stakeholders: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russia.Pros: Ended with a ceasefire agreement brokered by Russia.Cons: Significant loss of life, displacement, and destruction. Solutions: Russian peacekeeping forces deployed, ongoing rebuilding, and return of displaced persons.
11. Hong Kong Protests (2019-2020):Location: Hong Kong.Stakeholders: Hong Kong citizens, government of Hong Kong, government of China, international community.Pros: Raised global awareness about Hong Kong's autonomy issues.Cons: Economic disruption, human rights concerns, increased tension between China and Western countries.Solutions: Implementation of National Security Law (controversial), ongoing dialogues, international sanctions against China (by some Western countries).
12. Iran-U.S. Tensions and the Killing of Qasem Soleimani (2020):Location: Iraq (Baghdad Airport).Stakeholders: U.S., Iran, Iraq, global community.Pros: For the U.S., it was seen as combating terrorism and protecting U.S. interests.Cons: Escalation of U.S.-Iran tensions, fear of war, regional instability.Solutions: De-escalation strategies, indirect negotiations, calls for restraint from the international community.
13. Ethiopian Civil War (2020-ongoing):Location: Ethiopia, Tigray region.Stakeholders: Government of Ethiopia, Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), neighboring countries, international community.Pros: Difficult to define any pros due to the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis.Cons: Human rights abuses, mass displacement, regional instability, famine.Solutions: Calls for ceasefire, international mediation efforts, humanitarian aid (though access is a significant issue).
14. Farmers' Protests in India (2020-2022):Location: India.Stakeholders: Indian farmers, Government of India, general public, international community.Pros: Spotlight on farmers' issues, solidarity movements across the world.Cons: Economic disruption, clashes between protesters and police, misinformation campaigns.Solutions: Ongoing negotiations between government and farmers' unions, repeal of controversial farm laws.
15. Military Coup in Myanmar (2021):Location: Myanmar.Stakeholders: Myanmar's military, civilian government, general population, ASEAN, international community.Pros: Difficult to define any pros due to the violent suppression of protests and loss of life.Cons: Political instability, human rights violations, economic decline, displacement.Solutions: International sanctions, diplomatic pressure, efforts (ongoing) for dialogue and restoration of the civilian government.
16. Afghanistan - Fall of Kabul and U.S. Withdrawal (2021):Location: Afghanistan.Stakeholders: Afghan government, Taliban, U.S., NATO allies, neighboring countries, international community.Pros: End of U.S.'s longest war, potential for peace negotiations.Cons: Rapid takeover by the Taliban, human rights concerns, refugee crisis.Solutions: Evacuation efforts, international diplomatic engagement with the Taliban, humanitarian aid.
17. Belarus - Political Crisis and Protests (2020-2021):Location: Belarus.Stakeholders: Belarusian government, opposition figures, general population, EU, Russia, international community.Pros: International spotlight on political repression.Cons: Human rights violations, political repression, international isolation of Belarus.Solutions: Sanctions, international pressure, support for civil society (though the situation remains challenging).
18. Ethiopia - Tigray Conflict (2020-ongoing):Location: Ethiopia, Tigray region.Stakeholders: Ethiopian government, Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), Eritrea, international community.Pros: Difficult to define any pros due to the ongoing humanitarian crisis.Cons: Civil war, human rights abuses, famine, regional instability.Solutions: Ceasefire efforts, international pressure for peace negotiations, humanitarian assistance.
19. Israel-Hamas Conflict (2021):Location: Israel, Gaza Strip.Stakeholders: Israel, Hamas, Palestinian civilians, neighboring countries, international community.Pros: Ceasefire agreement, international attention to the long-standing conflict.Cons: Loss of life, destruction, displacement, reignition of long-standing tensions.Solutions: Ceasefire brokered by Egypt, international calls for peace negotiations, humanitarian aid to Gaza.
20. Sudan - Coup and Political Instability (2019-ongoing):Location: Sudan.Stakeholders: Sudanese military, civilian government, general population, African Union, international community.Pros: Removal of long-time dictator Omar al-Bashir, potential for democratic transition.Cons: Political instability, economic challenges, delayed democratic transition.Solutions: International support for democratic transition, economic support, mediation efforts.
21. Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation (2014):Location: Crimea, Ukraine.Stakeholders: Ukraine, Russia, European Union, United States, NATO, United Nations.Pros: For Russia, gaining strategic territory and ports; for Crimeans who identify as Russian, a sense of rejoining their homeland.Cons: Violation of international law, sanctions against Russia, increased East-West tensions, and a precedent for future territorial grabs.Solutions: Ongoing international sanctions, diplomatic efforts, and support for Ukrainian sovereignty.
22. Yemeni Civil War (2015-ongoing):Location: Yemen.Stakeholders: Yemeni government, Houthi rebels, Saudi Arabia, Iran, United States, United Nations.Pros: Difficult to define any pros due to the devastating humanitarian crisis.Cons: Massive civilian casualties, displacement, famine, and destruction; regional power struggles.Solutions: Attempts at ceasefires, peace talks, humanitarian aid, and efforts to end foreign involvement.
23. South China Sea Disputes (ongoing):Location: South China Sea.Stakeholders: China, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Taiwan, United States, ASEAN.Pros: For China, assertion of territorial control and resources; for the U.S. and ASEAN, maintaining freedom of navigation.Cons: Military clashes, regional instability, threats to international shipping lanes, and legal disputes.Solutions: Diplomatic negotiations, legal arbitration, military deterrence, and efforts to establish a Code of Conduct.
24. Venezuelan Political and Economic Crisis (2013-ongoing):Location: Venezuela.Stakeholders: Venezuelan government, opposition, United States, Russia, China, European Union, Latin American countries.Pros: International attention to human rights violations and political oppression.Cons: Economic collapse, human rights abuses, political repression, mass migration, and regional impact.Solutions: International pressure and sanctions, diplomatic efforts for negotiations, humanitarian aid.
25. Abraham Accords (2020):Location: Middle East.Stakeholders: Israel, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, United States, regional players.Pros: Normalization of relations between Israel and some Arab states, potential for regional cooperation.Cons: Concerns about sidelining the Palestinian issue, potential for regional power imbalances.Solutions: Continued diplomatic efforts, support for broader peace initiatives, addressing unresolved core issues.
26. Gaza Conflict and Israeli-Palestinian Tensions (2021-Ongoing):Location: Gaza, Israel.Stakeholders: Israel, Hamas, Palestinian Authority, Egypt, United States, United Nations.Pros: Ceasefire agreements, increased international focus on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.Cons: Civilian casualties, destruction, humanitarian crisis, continuation of a long-standing conflict.Solutions: International mediation for ceasefire, humanitarian aid, renewed calls for a two-state solution.
27. Global Geopolitical Shifts and Uncertainty (Ongoing):Location: Global.Stakeholders: All nations, international organizations, global alliances.Pros: Recognition of the need for global readiness and adaptability, potential for reformed international cooperation.Cons: Uncertainty affects global security, economic stability, and international relations.Solutions: Strengthening of international institutions, multilateral cooperation, strategic alliances, readiness to adapt to changes.
28. Economic Resilience Amidst Geopolitical Challenges (Ongoing): Location: Global.Stakeholders: All nations, international economic institutions, global markets.Pros: Demonstrated resilience of the global economy, opportunities for reform and innovation.Cons: Economic disparities, potential for crises to exacerbate inequalities, market volatility.Solutions: Economic stimulus, international cooperation on economic policies, support for vulnerable economies.
29. Russo-American Relations (Ongoing):Location: Global, with a focus on Eastern Europe.Stakeholders: Russia, United States, NATO, EU, neighboring countries.Pros: Potential for diplomatic engagement and negotiation, arms control.Cons: Military posturing, cyber warfare, political interference, nuclear tensions.
30. olutions: Diplomacy, sanctions, confidence-building measures, potential for future summits and agreements.
31. Global Readiness for Geopolitical Shifts (Ongoing):Location: Global.Stakeholders: All nations, international organizations, military alliances.Pros: Increased awareness of the need for adaptability and preparedness.Cons: Uncertainty leading to potential conflicts, economic instability, power vacuums.Solutions: Strategic foresight, strengthening of alliances, readiness to adapt to technological and geopolitical changes.
32. Impact of Geopolitical Events on Global Markets (Ongoing):Location: Global.Stakeholders: Investors, countries, multinational corporations, financial institutions.Pros: Market resilience, opportunities for strategic investments, economic diversification.Cons: Market volatility, potential economic crises, impact on global trade.Solutions: Economic policies to buffer against shocks, diversification of investments, monitoring of geopolitical trends.
33. Global Economy Amidst Geopolitical Tensions (Ongoing):

• Location: Global.
• Stakeholders: All nations, global economic institutions, businesses, workforce.
• Pros: Demonstrated resilience, potential for innovation and reform, global cooperation.
• Cons: Economic disparities, potential for crises to exacerbate inequalities, trade disruptions.
• Solutions: International economic cooperation, support for vulnerable economies, policies to promote sustainability and equity. Peace is the most valuable asset of mankind. Author Ricardo Fonseca