The genesis of anti-Jewish hatred in the Arab world
Peter Janssen
Experienced legal counsel for business people. Author and social commentator. The opinions expressed on Linkedin are my own and not that of the firms with which I am associated.
I was inspired to write this after researching who was behind the recent street rallies in Sydney celebrating the HAMAS attacks on Southern Israel and came across this picture on one of the organizing group's web pages;
When I looked into the words on the banner- I found that "Sheikh Jarrah" was a district in Jerusalem named after the grand mufti's family. So obviously the Palestinians and their sympathizers in Sydney (aka Gadigal) were supporting or participating in an uprising (Intifada) against the oppressors (Jews) so as to liberate both Jerusalem as well as Gaza- i.e. all of Palestine to full Palestinian sovereignty.
To understand where HAMAS came from and why they launched their terror attacks against Israel on 8 October, one needs to know the history not only of HAMAS but also of the Palestinian political and religious movements before the State of Israel was established in 1948- Palestinians call this Nakba (Great Catastrophe)
In terms of #HAMAS- see my summary of an article by Professor Jeffrey Herf The Ideology of Mass Murder Hamas and the origins of the October 7th attacks.
In so far as the precursors are concerned, read on for the following cut and paste summaries- from online sources as referenced.
The main person of interest is the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Hajj Amin al-Husayni,1897-1974 pictured in the article's banner photo talking to Adolf Hitler.
Here is a newsreel in German with translation:
"Al-Husseini's mentor was Salfi,?Muhammad Rashid Rida, a?Syrian?Sunni?cleric?noteworthy for his vehement opposition to Zionist movement and?Western ideals. ?Rashid Rida called for the revival of hadith studies and a theoretician of an Islamic state. following the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, and called for a global Islamic Renaissance program to re-establish an Islamic caliphate. leading the Arab Salafi movement. Salafism, also known as Salafiyya, which sought the "Islamization of modernity,". He later supported the Wahhabi movement, revived works by ibn Taymiyyah, and shifted the Salafism movement into a more conservative and strict Scripturalist approach. supported armed Jihad to expel European influences from the Islamic World.
?During?World War II?he collaborated with both Italy and Germany by making propagandistic radio broadcasts and by helping the Nazis recruit Bosnian Muslims for the?Waffen-SS?(on the grounds that they shared four principles: family, order, the leader and faith).
The Mufti met with Hitler in 1941 (Nov) at the Reich Chancellery in Berlin.
The United States was not yet in the war.
German troops had besieged Leningrad and had reached the outskirts of Moscow.
When Hitler and al-Husseini met, both leaders clearly believed that Germany was going to win, and the bulk of their conversation dealt with what the Arabs should or should not do help bring that outcome about.
Al-Husseini began the conversation by declaring that the Germans and the Arabs had the same enemies: “the English, the Jews, and the Communists.” He proposed an Arab revolt all across the Middle East to fight the Jews; the English, who still ruled Palestine and controlled Iraq and Egypt; and even the French, who controlled Syria and Lebanon. (The British had secured a mandate for Palestine at the Paris peace conference in 1919, and made halting attempts to create a “Jewish national home” there).
The decision to murder all the Jews of Europe had been taken sometime during the prior six months. The implementation of the policy, indeed, had begun immediately after the invasion of the USSR on June 22, when Einsatzgruppen squads began rounding up and shooting Jews by the thousands as troops advanced into the USSR. On July 31, Reinhard Heydrich of the SS had received a directive to prepare “the total solution of the Jewish question,” The construction of death camps in Poland had already begun, and Heydrich had already sent out invitations for the Wansee Conference, the meeting of high German officials from all involved ministries, that discussed the implementation of the “Final Solution” when it convened in January.
Hitler’s reply to Husseini reflects all these decisions and measures."
"Al-Husseini wanted to persuade the Nazi’s to extend the Nazis’ anti-Jewish program to the Arab world. Germany stood for uncompromising war against the Jews. That naturally included active opposition to the Jewish national home in Palestine....Germany would furnish positive and practical aid to the Arabs involved in the same struggle....Germany’s objective [is]...solely the destruction of the Jewish element residing in the Arab sphere....In that hour the Mufti would be the most authoritative spokesman for the Arab world. The Mufti thanked Hitler profusely.
?Two German historians say that Hitler had a plan to extend the Holocaust to the Middle East and had forged an alliance with Arab nationalists. This is perhaps why Hitler met with the Mufti and provided him a budget of 750,000 Reichsmark per month to foment a jihad in Palestine."
"In this German propaganda newsreel, the former Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husayni, an Arab nationalist and prominent Muslim religious leader, meets Hitler for the first time.
During the meeting, held in in the Reich chancellery, Hitler declined to grant al-Husayni’s request for a public statement--or a secret but formal treaty--in which Germany would: 1) pledge not to occupy Arab land, 2) recognize Arab striving for independence, and 3) support the “removal” of the proposed Jewish homeland in Palestine.
The Führer confirmed that the “struggle against a Jewish homeland in Palestine” would be part of the struggle against the Jews.
Hitler stated that: he would
“continue the struggle until the complete destruction of Jewish-Communist European empire”; and when the German army was in proximity to the Arab world, Germany would issue “an assurance to the Arab world” that “the hour of liberation was at hand.”
It would then be al-Husayni’s
“responsibility to unleash the Arab action that he has secretly prepared.” The Führer stated that Germany would not intervene in internal Arab matters and that the only German “goal at that time would be the annihilation of Jewry living in Arab space under the protection of British power.”
??Transcript: “The Führer meets the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, one of the most influential men of Arab nationalism. The Grand Mufti is the religious leader of the Arabs in Palestine and simultaneously their highest judge and financial manager. Because of his nationalism, the British have persecuted him bitterly and put a price of 25,000 pounds on his head. His adventurous voyage brought him over Italy to Germany.”
?In 1945, Yugoslavia sought to indict the Mufti as a war criminal for his role in recruiting 20,000 Muslim volunteers for the SS, who participated in the killing of Jews in Croatia and Hungary. He escaped from French detention in 1946, however, and continued his fight against the Jews from Cairo and later Beirut." https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-mufti-and-the-f-uuml-hrer
Berlin Airlift 1948-49
May, 1948 establishment of the State of Israel with David Ben-Gurion as first President.
Palestinians call this Nakba (Great Catastrophe) ?
Arab Israeli War 1948
In September 1948 he participated in the establishment of an?All-Palestine Government. Seated in?Egyptian-ruled Gaza, this government won limited recognition by Arab states but was eventually dissolved by Egyptian president?Gamal Abdel Nasser?in 1959. After the war and the?1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, his claims to leadership were wholly discredited and he was eventually sidelined by the?Palestine Liberation Organization, losing most of his residual political influence.?
NATO 1949
Chinese Communists revolution 1949
ANZUS 1951
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded in Cairo Egypt in 1964, it initially sought to establish an Arab state over the entire territory of the former Mandatory Palestine, advocating the elimination of the State of Israel.
1967 Arab–Israeli War
?The #PLO has many factions its dominating faction is Fatah.
But PLO also has more religious-orientated factions like Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ).
All, however, represent a predominantly Muslim population. Practically the whole population of the Territories is Muslim, mostly Sunni.
Only 50,000 (ca 1%) of the 4.6 million Palestinians in the occupied Palestinian territories (OPT) are Palestinian Christian.
Under President Arafat, the Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority adopted the 2003 Amended Basic Law, which stipulates Islam as the sole official religion in Palestine and the principles of Islamic sharia as a principal source of legislation.
Yasser Arafat occupied the position of Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee from 1969 until his death in 2004.
He was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen).
Arafat was exiled in Kuwait and founded Fatah in 1950.
Abas studies in Moscow Russia and later joined exiled PLO in Qatar probably as a KGB agent. In 1961 he joined Fatah. At the time, Arafat was establishing the groundwork of Fatah by enlisting wealthy Palestinians in Qatar, Kuwait, and other Gulf States.
The PLO suffered a major reversal with the Jordanian assault on its armed groups, in the events known as?Black September?in 1970. The Palestinian groups were expelled from Jordan, and during the 1970s, the PLO was effectively an?umbrella group?of eight organizations headquartered in?Damascus?and?Beirut, all devoted to armed struggle against?Zionism?or Israeli occupation, using methods which included direct clashing and?guerrilla warfare?against Israel. After Black September, the?Cairo Agreement?led the PLO to establish itself in Lebanon….In the late 1960s, and especially after the expulsion of the Palestinian militants from Jordan in?Black September events in 1970–1971, Lebanon had become the base for PLO operations. Palestinian militant organizations relocated their headquarters to South Lebanon, and relying on the support in Palestinian refugee camps, waged a campaign of attacks on the Galilee and on Israeli and Jewish targets worldwide. Increasing penetration of Palestinians into Lebanese politics and Israeli retaliations gradually deteriorated the situation.
?1972 Munich massacre was planned by Arafat (PLO).
In 1975, the increasing tensions between Palestinian militants and Christian militias exploded into the?Lebanese Civil War, involving all factions. On 20 January 1976, the PLO took part in the?Damour massacre?in retaliation to the?Karantina massacre. The PLO and?Lebanese National Movement?attacked the Christian town of?Damour, killing 684 civilians and forcing the remainder of the town's population to flee. In 1976 Syria joined the war by invading Lebanon, beginning the 29?year?Syrian occupation of Lebanon, and in 1978 Israel?invaded South Lebanon?in response to the?Coastal Road Massacre, executed by Palestinian militants based in Lebanon….
In 1982, after an attack on a senior Israeli diplomat by Lebanon-based Palestinian militants in Lebanon, Israel?invaded Lebanon?in a much larger scale in coordination with the Lebanese Christian militias, reaching Beirut and eventually resulting in ousting of the PLO headquarters in June that year. Low-level Palestinian insurgency in Lebanon continued in parallel with the consolidation of Shia militant organizations, but became a secondary concern to Israeli military and other Lebanese factions. With ousting of the PLO, the Lebanese Civil War gradually turned into a prolonged conflict, shifting from mainly PLO-Christian conflict into involvement of all Lebanese factions – whether?Sunni,?Shia,?Druze, and?Christians.
In 1982, the PLO relocated to?Tunis, Tunisia after it was driven out of Lebanon by Israel during the?1982 Lebanon War. Following massive raids by Israeli forces in Beirut, it is estimated that 8,000 PLO fighters evacuated the city and dispersed.
On 1 October 1985, in?Operation Wooden Leg,?Israeli Air Force?F-15s?bombed the PLO's Tunis headquarters, killing more than 60 people.
?1987 First intifada (Uprising) in the Palestinian Territories-Palestinian frustration over Israel's military occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, as it approached a twenty-year mark, having begun after Israel's victory in the 1967 Arab–Israeli War….began on 9 December 1987, in the Jabalia refugee camp.
It is suggested that the Tunis period (1982–1991) was a negative point in the PLO's history, leading up to the Oslo negotiations and formation of the Palestinian Authority (PA). The PLO in exile was distant from a concentrated number of Palestinians and became far less effective.?There was a significant reduction in centres of research, political debates or journalistic endeavours that had encouraged an energized public presence of the PLO in Beirut.?
The HAMAS Charter or Covenant was issues in August 1988: See Summary here.
In the Oslo I Accord, Abbas was the signatory for the PLO on 13 September 1993.
The Second or Al-Aqsa Intifada started concurrently with the breakdown of July 2000 Camp David talks between Palestinian Authority Chairman?Yasser Arafat?and Israeli Prime Minister?Ehud Barak. The Intifada never ended officially, but violence hit relatively low levels during 2005. The death toll, including both military personnel and civilians, of the entire conflict in 2000–2004 is estimated to be 3,223 Palestinians and 950 Israelis,
?2003, as Israel and the United States refused to negotiate with Yasser Arafat, it was thought that Abbas would be a candidate as he was pragmatic…. Under international pressure, on 19 March 2003, Arafat appointed Abbas Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. According to Gilbert Achcar, the United States imposed Abbas on Arafat, the democratically elected leader, though the majority of Palestinians thought of the former as a Quisling…. Abbas came into conflict with Palestinian militant groups, notably the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement and Hamas because his pragmatic policies were opposed to their hard-line approach. Initially, he pledged not to use force against the militants in the interest of avoiding a civil war, and attempted negotiation. This was partially successful, resulting in a pledge from the two groups to honor a unilateral Palestinian cease-fire. However, continuing violence and Israeli "targeted killings" of known leaders forced Abbas to pledge a crackdown in order to uphold the Palestinian Authority's side of the Road map for peace. This led to a power struggle with Arafat over control of the Palestinian Security Services; Arafat refused to release control to Abbas, thus preventing him from using them on the militants.
A struggle for power between Arafat and Abbas ensued.
Camp David Summit 2000 failed to reach a settlement.
The Second Intifada (aka Al-Aqsa Intifada) 2000-2005
Arafat died in 2004.
#Hamas (an acronym for 'Islamic Resistance Movement')
HAMAS won the 2006 Palestinian legislative election and became the de facto governing authority of the Gaza Strip following the 2007 Battle of Gaza Conflict between Fatah and Hamas for control of the Gaza Strip). It also holds a majority in the parliament of the Palestinian National Authority. after Fatah lost the parliamentary elections of 2006.
Hamas fighters took control of the Gaza Strip and removed Fatah officials.
The battle resulted in the dissolution of the unity government and the de facto division of the Palestinian territories into two entities, the West Bank governed by the Palestinian National Authority, and Gaza governed by Hamas.
On 17 March 2005 Hamas endorsed the ceasefire. On 19 March 2005 twelve Palestinian factions, including
Fatah,
Hamas,
Islamic Jihad,
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
signed the Palestinian Cairo Declaration, which reaffirmed the status of the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people through the participation in it of all forces and factions according to democratic principles. The Declaration implied a reform of the PLO by the inclusion in the PLO of Hamas and Islamic Jihad. On 12 September 2005 Israel completed its disengagement from the Gaza strip. Battle of Gaza (2007) - Wikiwand
After Fatah and other factions refused to join in a national unity government, Hamas established the?new Palestinian government?on 29 March 2006, with Hamas leader?Ismail Haniyeh?as Prime Minister and comprised mostly Hamas members.?The Quartet suspended its foreign assistance program, and Israel?imposed economic sanctions?and a?blockade of the Gaza Strip.
Sheik Abu Saqer, leader of Jihadia Salafiya, an Islamic outreach movement that recently announced the opening of a "military wing" to enforce Muslim law in Gaza. "I expect our Christian neighbors to understand the new Hamas rule means real changes. They must be ready for Islamic rule if they want to live in peace in Gaza."?The sole?Christian bookstore?in Gaza was attacked and the owner murdered.
?Abbas is also a member of the Fatah party and was elected chairman in 2009.
Abas is the president of the State of Palestine since 2005 and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) since 2005.
Fatah's main rival in the PLO is Gaza based Hamas.
On 16 December 2009, the leadership of the?Palestinian Central Council?announced an indefinite extension of Abbas's term as president. Since then, Abbas has remained president of the Fatah-controlled areas of the Palestinian territories.?In April 2014, Hamas withdrew its objection, in order to form a?Unity Government?with Fatah.
He announced his resignation as leader of the PLO on 22 August 2015.?As of December 2015, he was still acting as?Chairman, pending approval by the?Palestinian National Council.
In 2021,?local elections in Palestine?were held amidst a rift between Abbas and?Hamas.?This was after he had indefinitely postponed the?presidential election?and?parliamentary elections.
?Present members include
Former member groups of the PLO include
?
Principal Engineer and Director at NQE
3 个月A very comprehensive summary. Well done ??
Amicus Confiance Transactionelle
11 个月Peter You have done a great service to all of us by disseminating this information. Should be taught at schools and universities. JohnWB
This a very informative article that provides much of the context needed to thoroughly understand why, as people who value life and freedom, one must defend Israel.
Mentor and Transformational Coach
1 年Your suggestion that the Palestinian people marching in peaceful marches globally right now are ‘celebrating’ the Hamas attacks on October 7, is either wilfully misguided, ignorant or just racist. They are rallying for support to protect innocent men, women and children, being bombed to smithereens by the Israeli Government, supported by US financial and military aid. That is what the rallies are for, and any other construance is from blatant ignorance and or misunderstanding.
Experienced legal counsel for business people. Author and social commentator. The opinions expressed on Linkedin are my own and not that of the firms with which I am associated.
1 年Little wonder kids in Gaza are still brainwashed today by Nazi philosophy intersecting with #ClericalFascism https://allisrael.com/herzog-reveals-in-an-interview-with-bbc-hitler-s-mein-kampf-was-found-in-children-s-bedroom-in-gaza?utm_source=All%20Israel%20News&utm_campaign=bd14240c45-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2023_11_02_03_31_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_-f9252a590c-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D