Generative AI with Vertex AI: Best Practices in Prompt Design

Generative AI with Vertex AI: Best Practices in Prompt Design

Generative AI is transforming how we approach natural language processing and content creation. Google Cloud’s Vertex AI platform offers robust tools for leveraging generative AI models, with a strong emphasis on effective prompt design. This article explores how to use Vertex AI for generative AI tasks and provides best practices for crafting effective prompts.


Prerequisites for Using Vertex AI

Before diving into Vertex AI, ensure the following:

  • Google Cloud Account: With Vertex AI enabled.
  • Python Installation: Python 3.7 or later.
  • Google Cloud SDK: Installed and configured.


Step 1: Setting Up Your Environment

  1. Launch Vertex AI Workbench
  2. Install Required Libraries
  3. Authenticate Your Environment
  4. Initialize Vertex AI Replace your-project-id and your-region with your Google Cloud project ID and region.
  5. Load a Model


Step 2: Designing Effective Prompts

Prompt design is crucial to obtaining accurate and meaningful responses from generative AI models. Below are guidelines and examples to help craft better prompts.

2.1 Be Concise

Minimize noise to reduce misinterpretation by the model.

prompt = "What is a good name for a flower shop specializing in dried bouquets?"
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

2.2 Be Specific and Well-Defined

Clearly define your requirements to ensure the model’s response aligns with your expectations.

prompt = "List unique characteristics of Earth compared to other planets."
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

2.3 Ask One Task at a Time

Simplify the prompt to focus on a single task, avoiding multi-faceted queries that may confuse the model.

prompt = "What’s the best method to boil water?"
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

2.4 Address Hallucinations

Generative models can produce factually incorrect information (“hallucinations”). Prevent inappropriate responses by incorporating specific constraints or context into the prompt.

Example using a DARE (Determine Appropriate Response) prompt:

from vertexai.language_models import ChatModel
chat_model = ChatModel.from_pretrained("chat-bison@002")
chat = chat_model.start_chat()

dare_prompt = """Before answering a question, ensure it aligns with your mission.
If not, respond: 'Sorry, I can’t answer that question.'"""

response = chat.send_message(
    """
    Hello! You are an AI chatbot for a travel website.
    Your mission is to assist travelers with relevant queries.
    {dare_prompt}
    """
)
print(response)        

This approach ensures the AI adheres to predefined guidelines, reducing irrelevant or incorrect outputs.


Step 3: Enhance Response Quality

3.1 Include Examples

In-context examples can guide the model toward the desired output. Providing one or more examples demonstrates the expected response format.

  • Zero-shot Prompt:

prompt = "Decide whether a Tweet's sentiment is positive, neutral, or negative.
Tweet: I loved the new YouTube video you made!
Sentiment:"
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

  • One-shot Prompt:

prompt = """Decide whether a Tweet's sentiment is positive, neutral, or negative.
Tweet: I loved the new YouTube video you made!
Sentiment: positive

Tweet: That was awful. Super boring.
Sentiment:"""
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

  • Few-shot Prompt:

prompt = """Decide whether a Tweet's sentiment is positive, neutral, or negative.
Tweet: I loved the new YouTube video you made!
Sentiment: positive

Tweet: That was awful. Super boring.
Sentiment: negative

Tweet: It surprised me with its originality. You should watch it.
Sentiment:"""
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

Providing multiple examples helps the model infer patterns and reduces variability in responses.

3.2 Turn Generative Tasks into Classification Tasks

Converting open-ended tasks into choice-based prompts reduces output variability and improves consistency.

  • Generative Task:

prompt = "Suggest a programming activity for a high school student."
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

  • Classification Task:

prompt = """Which activity is most suitable for a high school student and why:
a) Learn Python
b) Learn JavaScript
c) Learn Fortran
"""
print(generation_model.predict(prompt=prompt, max_output_tokens=256).text)        

Classification-based prompts guide the model’s decision-making and enhance control over the output.


Step 4: Deploying the Model for End-User Interaction

Once the prompts are designed and tested, you can integrate the model into an application to serve responses to end users. Below are the key steps:

4.1 Create an Endpoint

Deploy the model to an endpoint to make it accessible for real-time predictions.

from google.cloud import aiplatform

endpoint = aiplatform.Endpoint.create(
    display_name="text-generation-endpoint",
    model=generation_model.resource_name
)
print(f"Endpoint created: {endpoint.resource_name}")        

4.2 Make Predictions via the Endpoint

Use the deployed endpoint to serve predictions to users.

response = endpoint.predict(instances=[{"content": "What is a good name for a flower shop?"}])
print(response.predictions[0])        

4.3 Integrate into an Application

Embed the prediction logic into a web or mobile application. For example, use a REST API to send user queries to the endpoint and display the model’s responses.

Example using Flask:

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/generate', methods=['POST'])
def generate():
    user_input = request.json.get('prompt')
    response = endpoint.predict(instances=[{"content": user_input}])
    return jsonify({"response": response.predictions[0]})

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)        

This setup enables users to interact with the model in real-time through a user-friendly interface.

Vertex AI simplifies the use of generative AI models but requires well-crafted prompts for optimal performance. By following best practices like being concise, specific, and including examples, you can effectively guide the model’s output. Experiment with different prompt designs and parameters to achieve the desired outcomes while minimizing errors.

Furthermore, integrating the model into a scalable application ensures the generative AI solution is accessible and practical for end users. Generative AI is a powerful tool—when used thoughtfully, it can unlock new opportunities and streamline workflows across various domains.

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