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Short-read technologies carry out sequencing by synthesis or ligation. Each?strategy?uses DNA polymerase or ligase enzymes, respectively, to extend numerous DNA strands in parallel. Nucleotides can either be provided one at a time, or they can be modified with identifying tags.
Short-read sequencing technologies can be further categorized as either?single molecule-based, involving the sequencing of a single molecule, or ensemble-based, which is the sequencing of multiple identical copies of a DNA molecule that have usually been amplified together on isolated beads.
Furthermore, these methods could be real-time or synchronous controlled. Real-time short-read sequencing consists of a free-running DNA polymerase that catalyzes all possible nucleotides. Therefore, this method requires the identification of the newly sequenced nucleotides as they are being incorporated, without interrupting the synthesis process.
This can be done using optical or physical techniques, which reveal?tagged nucleotides?that are either free or bound. The bound nucleotides are assumed to be involved in DNA synthesis. Synchronous-controlled approaches use information to facilitate the identification process in an interrupted fashion, which can be achieved by adding a single type of nucleotide at once or using nucleotide reversible terminators.
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* Illumina?
* 454 pyrosequencing
* Ion Torrent
* SOLiD?
* cPAL?