The future of solar energy storage

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Keeping up with the latest discoveries: Scientists say that solar energy can now be stored for up to 18 years.?

Solar powered electronics are getting closer to becoming a daily part of our lives thanks to a "radical" new scientific breakthrough.?

In 2017, scientists at a Swedish university created an energy system that makes it possible to capture and store solar energy for up to 18 years, releasing it as heat when needed.

?The researchers have now succeeded in getting the system to produce electricity by connecting it to a thermoelectric generator. Although still in its infancy, the concept developed at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg could pave the way for self-charging electronics that use stored-on-demand solar energy.?

This is a radically new way to generate electricity from solar energy. This means that we can use solar energy to produce electricity regardless of the weather, time of day, season or geographical location, Casper Moth Poulsen, professor in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Chalmers.?

Solar energy is variable renewable because, for the most part, it only works when the sun shines. But technology to combat this much-discussed flaw is already being developed at a rapid pace.?

Solar panels are made from crop waste that absorb ultraviolet light even on cloudy days while “night solar panels” have been created that work even after sunset.?

Long-term storage of the energy they generate is another matter. The solar system built in Chalmers in 2017 is known as "MOST": Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems.?

This technology relies on a specially designed molecule of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen that changes shape when it comes in contact with sunlight.?

Its shape transforms into an "energy-rich isomer" - a molecule made of the same atoms but arranged together in a different way. The isomer can then be stored in liquid form for later use when needed, such as at night or in the depths of winter.?

The catalyst releases the energy saved as heat while returning the molecule to its original shape, ready for use again.?

Over the years, researchers have refined the system to the point that it is now possible to store energy for 18 years.?

As detailed in a new study published in Cell Reports Physical Science last month, this model has now taken a step further.

?Swedish researchers sent their unique molecule packed with solar energy to colleagues at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. There the energy was released and converted into electricity using the generator they developed.?

Basically, Swedish sunlight was sent to the other side of the world and converted into electricity in China.?

"The generator is a very thin chip that can be integrated into electronics such as headphones, smartwatches and phones," says researcher Zhang Wang from Chalmers University of Technology.?

"So far, we've only generated small amounts of electricity, but the new results show that the concept really works. It looks very promising."?

The device could replace batteries and solar cells, and fine-tune the way we use the sun's abundant energy.?

The beauty of this closed circuit system is that it operates without causing CO2 emissions, which means it has great potential for use with renewable energy.