Full Stack Interview Questions with Answers - Latest Updated
Pavithra M
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1. What is Java Full Stack Development?
It refers to the development of both front-end means client-side and back-end means server-side parts of a web application. This includes Java programming language for server-side development or backend development, along with front-end technologies such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frameworks such as Angular.
2. Explain the difference between front-end and back-end development.
Front-end is all about what clients see from the front and interact with the UI, like buttons and menus. The back-end is about making sure everything works easily behind the scenes, such as Backend languages like Java, C#, and Python.
3. What do you need to build a typical web application?
We need three important things: for the front end (React or Angular), for the back end (Spring Boot), and a place to store data ( MySQL).
4. What is the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and why is it important?
The JVM is similar to an interpreter for Java. It helps Java programs run on different types of computers or frameworks. It is critical for running different Java applications.
5. What's a servlet, and why is it used in Java web development?
A servlet is an extraordinary kind of Java program that makes a difference servers do their work.
7. Explain DOM (Document Object Model).
The DOM enables programmatic reading, manipulation, and modification of an XML document. The XMLReader class also reads XML, but it does so in a non-cached, forward-only, read-only manner.
8. What do you know about pair programming?
Pair software programming is a sequential model in which two programmers collaborate on the same computer. While the driver is writing code, the observer or navigator reviews each line of programming as it is entered. Positions for software developers frequently change.
9. While building a web application, how do you consider SEO, maintainability, UX, performance, and security?
The ability to balance and comprehend these disparate factors is essential for any web developer. In addition, their response will indicate which factors they will prioritize when coding.
If you work for an online publication, performance and SEO will be more important. While the driver is writing code, the observer or navigator reviews each line of programming as it is entered. Positions for software developers frequently change.
10. State the difference between SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) and Canvas.
SVG is an XML-based language for describing 2D graphics. Canvas generates 2D graphics in real-time (with JavaScript). Because SVG is based on XML, every element is accessible through the SVG DOM. JavaScript event handlers can be attached to an element.
11. What is Type Coercion in JavaScript?
The automatic or implicit conversion of values between different data types is known as type coercion (such as strings to numbers).
Both explicit and implicit type coercion is possible. Explicit type coercion occurs when developers explicitly state their goal to convert between types by writing the necessary code, such as Number(value) (or type casting).
12. State the difference between <window.onload> and <onDocumentReady>?
The window.onload method is called after the entire web page has been loaded. This includes all memory-based and model elements such as the head tag, headline, and all other tags such as template files, images, and videos. The onload method is called by passing it a function. After the object has been loaded, the called function would be executed.
13. Describe the different kinds of HTTP requests supported by RESTful Web services.
The most common HTTP request methods are as follows:
POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE are the five main or most often used HTTP verbs (or methods, as they are officially known). These stand for the CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, in that order. Other verbs exist as well, albeit they are used less frequently.
14. How does CORS work?
An HTML5-supported mechanism, Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, or CORS, enables the requesting of resources on web pages from other domains outside the domains from where the resources originated.
15. What is an Entity Tag?
An Entity Tag, or ETag, is an integral element of HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): the protocol that facilitates communication between servers and web browsers. Entity Tag is one of the many mechanisms that the Hypertext Transfer Protocol provides for cache validation, allowing conditional requests from a client.
16. Can you define what Long Polling is?
Long polling is a method to maintain a persistent connection to the server. Long polling keeps the client’s connection intact and open till the server can transmit data to any client. The connection closes only after data is returned to a client, or when a connection timeout happens.
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17. What is a session in web applications, and how is it managed in Java?
A session is a mechanism to maintain user-specific data across multiple HTTP requests. In Java, sessions can be managed using cookies or URL rewriting.
18. What is the difference between forward and sendRedirect in servlets?
forward is used to forward the request and response objects to another resource within the same server, while sendRedirect sends a response with a new URL, causing a new request.
19. Explain the purpose of the @RequestMapping annotation in Spring MVC.
@RequestMapping is used to map a URL request to a specific controller method in Spring MVC, allowing for proper routing of requests.
20. What is a RESTful API endpoint, and how is it structured?
A RESTful API endpoint is a URL pattern that represents a resource and its actions. It typically follows a structured format, such as /resource/{id}.
21. What is CORS, and why is it important in web development?
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a security feature that allows or restricts web pages in one domain from making requests to a different domain. It’s essential for security in web development.
22. What is the purpose of the web.xml file in Java web applications?
The web.xml file is a configuration file in Java web applications that defines servlets, filters, and their mappings, among other things.
23. Explain the concept of microservices and their advantages.
Microservices is an architectural style where an application is composed of small, independently deployable services. Advantages include scalability, maintainability, and flexibility.
24. What is Docker, and how does it facilitate deployment in Java development?
Docker is a containerization platform that allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into containers for consistent and efficient deployment.
25. What is the purpose of a version control system like Git in software development?
Git is used for tracking changes in code, collaborating with others, and maintaining a history of code revisions, which is essential for code management and collaboration.
26. How does Maven help in managing project dependencies in Java?
Maven is a build automation tool that simplifies the process of managing project dependencies, building projects, and producing artifacts.
27. What is the purpose of JUnit in Java development, and how is it used for testing?
JUnit is a testing framework used for writing and executing unit tests in Java. It ensures that individual components of the code function correctly.
28. Explain the concept of continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD).
CI involves regularly merging code changes into a shared repository, while CD automates the process of deploying code changes to production, ensuring a streamlined development workflow.
29. What is the Spring Boot framework, and how does it simplify Java application development?
Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the setup and configuration of Spring applications, allowing developers to quickly build production-ready applications with minimal effort.
30. What are the key principles of the SOLID design principles in Java development?
SOLID is an acronym representing five design principles: Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion. These principles promote clean and maintainable code.