Extroverted Introverts, Introverted Extroverts: Digital Anomaly?

Original Title: From Silence to Expression: Understanding Digital Introverts and Extroverts

Why do some introverts transform into extroverts within online communities, becoming aggressive and bold? They are very quick to reply, their finger typing outpacing the brain's processing time, which is normally much slower during offline interaction. This dynamic leads to outcomes similar to those observed when introverts, under pressure in offline settings, must reply to a question, respond under time duress, or engage in public conversations with a time limit. In such situations, the haste can lead to hurtful remarks, statements that may lack political correctness, or responses that seem less thoughtful. This article explores this intriguing question, aiming to shed light on the factors driving such significant changes in behavior.

The transition of introverts to extroverts in the digital sphere is one of four noteworthy phenomena related to personality-based communication styles that has particularly caught my interest. This occurrence is striking for its unexpectedness, contrasting with the other three patterns which behave more predictably. Moreover, it's not just in digital interactions that this rapid response mechanism can cause harm; in face-to-face conversations, this propensity to reply swiftly without adequate reflection can lead to comments that inadvertently offend or misrepresent the speaker's intelligence or empathy. Alongside this, a smaller group of extroverts tends to exhibit more introverted behaviors on online platforms, presenting behavior that is both commendable and illustrative.

A. Personality Adoption in Digital Spaces

A.1. Introverts Turn Into Extroverts

I'm intrigued by how introverts, in digital spaces, often display extroverted characteristics, responding promptly yet with responses that may seem superficial. This shift raises questions about the comprehension of communication's impact in online environments. It suggests a need for enhanced digital literacy, encompassing both technical skills and communicative competence to foster ethical and empathetic engagement online. As a communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation co-learner, integrating digital communication skills into educational curricula emerges as a crucial endeavor. This topic, at the intersection of communication theory, psychology, and digital culture, warrants further exploration.

It's important to consider Mehrabian's rule in this context, which posits a significant emphasis on non-verbal elements in communication, suggesting that only 7% of the emotional message is conveyed through words, 38% through tone of voice, and a substantial 55% through non-verbal cues like gestures and facial expressions. This principle highlights the complexity and potential misunderstandings in digital communications, where these non-verbal cues are often absent or significantly altered, underscoring the importance of developing nuanced digital communication skills.highlighting the challenges posed by the absence of nonverbal cues in online communication, though noting its specific application to expressing feelings and attitudes. Investigating the reasons behind introverts' extroverted online behaviors and its implications can provide valuable insights into digital interaction dynamics.

Describing introverts who display extroverted behaviors online highlights how digital platforms can shift or magnify personality traits. "Extroverted Introverts" in digital contexts are those who, while introverted offline, become more outgoing online. This change is driven by digital spaces' unique properties that encourage more extroverted behavior among introverts.

Digital Facade: Anonymity and Control Digital platforms offer anonymity and control, reducing social anxiety for introverts and enabling them to communicate more openly without fear of judgment. The capability to meticulously craft responses and choose engagement times bolsters their confidence and extroversion.

Asynchronous Communication Online interactions' asynchronous nature gives introverts the luxury of time to think and craft their responses, reducing the demand for instant feedback. This setup fosters a comfort that can eventually lead to more extroverted online behaviors.

Selective Self-Presentation The internet allows for selective self-presentation, where introverts can showcase more outgoing facets of their personality, engaging in identity exploration without the constraints faced offline. This liberty encourages introverts to experiment with extroverted behaviors in a risk-free digital environment.

Finding Like-minded Communities The internet's vast array of niche communities offers introverts a space to connect with like-minded individuals, reducing isolation and fostering more open interactions. The camaraderie in these groups can enhance introverts' sense of belonging and confidence, leading to more extroverted behaviors.

Psychological Distance and Disinhibition Digital communication's inherent psychological distance and the online disinhibition effect embolden introverts to embrace social risks they'd typically avoid offline, leading to bolder, more outgoing behavior.

Navigating Digital Dualism The concept of "Extroverted Introverts" in digital realms reflects the complexity of personality and the transformative power of digital environments on self-expression. This phenomenon challenges the strict introvert-extrovert dichotomy, revealing the fluidity of personality traits in the digital age.

The transition of introverts to displaying more extroverted behaviors in digital environments is a compelling aspect of online interaction. This remarkable shift highlights the transformative potential of digital platforms, where the usual barriers to extroversion can be lowered or removed entirely. This phenomenon is not just a testament to the personal adaptability of introverts but also underscores the unique aspects of digital communication that facilitate such transformations. Understanding this change offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between personality dynamics and the digital context, bridging traditional psychological theories with the evolving landscape of online social behavior

1. Anonymity and Disinhibition

Theory/Concept: Online Disinhibition Effect (Suler, 2004).

Elaboration: The Online Disinhibition Effect, a term coined by psychologist John Suler, suggests that people may express themselves more openly and with less restraint in online environments due to a sense of anonymity and invisibility. This can lead individuals, including introverts, to adopt a more extroverted communication style online. The lack of immediate face-to-face feedback may also reduce the perceived consequences of their words, leading to responses that may seem quicker or more superficial. Online platforms provide a level of anonymity and control over one’s environment not available in face-to-face interactions. This anonymity can significantly reduce social anxiety for introverts, allowing them to express thoughts and engage in conversations more freely. The absence of immediate, physical feedback can embolden users to share opinions or feelings they would typically withhold in a face-to-face context.

Reference: Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321-326.

2. Control Over Interaction

Theory/Concept: Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985).

Elaboration: Digital spaces allow users, particularly introverts, more control over their interaction timeframes and the ability to craft responses at their own pace, without the immediate pressure found in real-time conversations. This can lead to a sense of empowerment and comfort, enabling more engagement than they might exhibit in person. However, this control can also lead to a lack of depth in responses, as the medium encourages rapid communication over reflective discourse. The digital environment offers individuals the autonomy to choose how, when, and to what extent they engage with others. This level of control can be particularly empowering for introverts, who may prefer to engage in social interactions on their own terms, without the pressures and spontaneous demands of face-to-face encounters.

Reference: Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.

3. Lack of Nonverbal Cues

Theory/Concept: Media Richness Theory (Daft & Lengel, 1986).

Elaboration: In face-to-face interactions, nonverbal cues play a significant role in communication, helping individuals gauge reactions and adjust their behavior accordingly. The absence of these cues in digital communication can hinder the ability to fully understand the impact of one's words, leading to messages that may inadvertently offend or harm others. The reduced presence of non-verbal cues in online communication channels can simplify social interactions for introverts. It strips away the complexity and nuance of body language, facial expressions, and other non-verbal signals, making it easier for them to communicate without misinterpreting or worrying about these additional layers of social cues.

Reference: Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571.

4. Social Skills and Digital Literacy

Theory/Concept: Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) Theory (Herring, 1996).

Elaboration: The shift towards digital communication necessitates a different set of social skills. Individuals who might not have had extensive opportunities to develop these skills in digital contexts might not fully grasp the nuances of online communication. This gap can be more pronounced for those whose social interactions have predominantly been offline, where the feedback loop is immediate and more tangible. Digital literacy and the development of online-specific social skills can influence how introverts communicate in digital spaces. These skills can help mitigate the challenges of physical absence, allowing introverts to navigate online interactions more adeptly, contributing to their willingness to engage in what appears to be extroverted behavior online.

Reference: Herring, S. C. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Linguistic, social, and cross-cultural perspectives. John Benjamins Publishing.

5. Psychological Distance

Theory/Concept: Construal Level Theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010).

Elaboration: The concept of psychological distance in digital communication can also contribute to this phenomenon. The feeling that digital interactions are somehow less 'real' or immediate than face-to-face interactions can lead to a reduced perception of the consequences of one's actions, encouraging behavior that may seem out of character. The psychological distance created by online platforms can make interactions feel less immediate and personal, which might reduce the perceived risks of social engagement for introverts. This distance allows for a more controlled and deliberate approach to communication, potentially making introverts more willing to participate in discussions or activities they would avoid in person.

Reference: Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440-463.

6. Selective Self-Presentation

Theory/Concept: Goffman's Theory of Self-Presentation (Goffman, 1959).

Elaboration: Online interactions offer the opportunity for selective self-presentation, where individuals can carefully control which aspects of their identity they reveal. This ability to manage one’s online persona can encourage introverts to present themselves in a more socially confident and extroverted manner, as the fear of immediate negative social repercussions is minimized.

Reference: Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.

7. Reduced Physical Presence and Social Anxiety

Theory/Concept: Social Anxiety and Technology Use.

Elaboration: The absence of a physical audience in online environments can alleviate the social pressures and anxiety that introverts often experience in face-to-face settings. This reduction in anxiety can make it significantly easier for introverts to engage in social interactions online, leading to behaviors that might be perceived as more extroverted.

Reference: There's no specific seminal work for this as it's a broader observation noted across various studies on social anxiety and online behavior.

8. Niche Communities and Interest Groups

Theory/Concept: Uses and Gratifications Theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1973).

Elaboration: The internet's vast array of niche communities provides a platform for introverts to engage deeply with topics of personal interest. Within these communities, introverts can find a sense of belonging and validation that may not be as accessible in their offline lives, encouraging them to participate more actively and exhibit traits associated with extroversion.

Reference: Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523.

9. Perceived Control Over Social Interactions

Theory/Concept: Self-Efficacy Theory (Bandura, 1977).

Elaboration: The control that online environments afford users over their interactions can boost introverts' confidence in social situations. Knowing they can edit, delete, or strategically engage in conversations provides a sense of security and self-efficacy, making it easier for them to interact in ways that might seem contrary to their offline behavior.

Reference: Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.

10. Asynchronous Communication

Theory/Concept: Time Displacement Theory.

Elaboration: The asynchronous nature of many online communications allows introverts the time to think, process, and respond to interactions on their own schedule. This can lead to more considered and engaging contributions than might be possible in real-time, face-to-face conversations, where the pressure for immediate response can be daunting.

Reference: This concept is discussed broadly in the context of digital communication and does not have a single originating source.

11. Role-Playing and Anonymity

Theory/Concept: Identity Construction Theory.

Elaboration: Online environments, especially those that support role-playing and anonymity, allow individuals to explore different facets of their identity. For introverts, this can be a safe space to experiment with more extroverted behaviors without the fear of real-world repercussions, leading to a broader range of social interactions.

Reference: There's no specific seminal work for this as it's a broader concept noted across various studies on online identity and behavior.

12. Feedback Mechanisms

Theory/Concept: Operant Conditioning (Skinner, 1938).

Elaboration: The immediate and visible feedback provided by online platforms (e.g., likes, comments) can serve as a form of reinforcement, encouraging introverts to continue engaging in behaviors that receive positive reinforcement. This can create a cycle where introverts increasingly engage in more extroverted online behaviors.

Reference: Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. D. Appleton-Century.

13. Echo Chambers and Confirmation Bias

Theory/Concept: Selective Exposure Theory.

Elaboration: Online platforms often facilitate the formation of echo chambers, where users are exposed primarily to perspectives that align with their own. For introverts, participating in these environments can bolster confidence in expressing opinions and engaging in debates, behaviors typically associated with extroversion.

Reference: There's no single seminal work for this concept, but it is widely discussed in the context of media studies and political communication.

14. Hyperpersonal Model

Theory/Concept: The Hyperpersonal Model (Walther, 1996).

Elaboration: The hyperpersonal model suggests that online communication can exceed the intimacy and affection of face-to-face interactions due to selective self-presentation and the idealization of others. For introverts, this model explains how online interactions can lead to deeper connections and more outgoing behaviors, as the platform allows for an optimized presentation of self.

Reference: Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23(1), 3-43.

These elaborations and references provide a deeper insight into the dynamics of introversion and extroversion in online environments, offering a rich foundation for further exploration and research in this area.

A.2. Introverts Remains Introverts

Further observations reveal that not all introverts display extroverted behaviors online, and many may indeed stay true to their introverted nature even in digital spaces. This variability can be attributed to several factors and theories that underscore the complexity of human behavior and the influence of individual differences:

1. Trait Theory of Personality

Theory/Concept: Trait Theory (Allport, 1937).

Elaboration: Introversion and extroversion are considered stable personality traits that influence behavior across various contexts. Introverts may consistently exhibit behaviors aligned with their introversion online due to the inherent nature of these enduring traits, choosing interactions that are congruent with their preference for solitude or small, meaningful social engagements.

Reference: Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. Holt.

2. Self-Determination Theory

Theory/Concept: Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985).

Elaboration: Individuals are motivated by the need to fulfill basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Introverts may navigate online spaces in ways that satisfy these needs without adopting extroverted behaviors, finding value in autonomy over their social interactions, competence in selected interests, and relatedness in deeper connections rather than broad social networks.

Reference: Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.

3. Social Identity Theory

Theory/Concept: Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979).

Elaboration: The social identity of individuals is influenced by the groups to which they belong. Introverts may strongly identify with online communities that share and validate their introverted preferences, leading them to engage in ways that are consistent with their introversion, rather than conforming to extroverted norms.

Reference: Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The social psychology of intergroup relations, 33-47.

4. Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Theory/Concept: Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Festinger, 1957).

Elaboration: When actions and beliefs are incongruent, individuals experience discomfort. For introverts, behaving in an extroverted manner online may conflict with their self-image, leading to discomfort and a preference to engage in ways that align with their introverted nature to avoid cognitive dissonance.

Reference: Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.

5. Selective Self-Presentation

Theory/Concept: Selective Self-Presentation (Goffman, 1959).

Elaboration: The online environment allows individuals to curate how they present themselves to others. Introverts may choose to express their true selves, including their introversion, in digital spaces, selecting platforms and communities that align with their preferences for depth, introspection, and meaningful social interactions.

Reference: Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.

6. Environmental and Situational Factors

Theory/Concept: Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979).

Elaboration: The context and environment of online platforms influence behavior. Introverts may remain true to their introverted nature in digital environments that facilitate or encourage introspection, depth, and meaningful engagement, as opposed to those that prioritize superficial interactions.

Reference: Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.

7. Personal Development and Self-Acceptance

Theory/Concept: Theory of Self-Actualization (Maslow, 1943).

Elaboration: Introverts with a strong sense of self-acceptance and personal development may feel less compelled to conform to societal expectations of extroversion, even in online spaces. Their comfort with their own introversion guides them to seek and create online interactions that reflect their true selves, prioritizing authenticity over social conformity.

Reference: Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.

These points and their corresponding theories provide a framework for understanding why some introverts choose to remain true to their introverted nature in digital environments. They highlight the complex interplay between individual personality traits, psychological needs, social identity, and environmental factors in shaping online behavior.

A.3. Extroverts Turn into Introverts

Exploring this topic further, a surprising realization dawned on me, adding a layer of humility to my understanding of digital interactions. It wasn't only introverts who experienced a transformation in the digital sphere; extroverts, too, were showing a tendency to adopt more introverted behaviors online. This revelation broadened the scope of my research, uncovering a fascinating spectrum of personality dynamics where the boundaries between introversion and extroversion in digital contexts become blurred.

"Introverted Extroverts," also known as "Social Introverts," are extroverts who enjoy socializing yet require alone time to recharge. Their extroverted tendencies, evident in active and energetic engagement with others in person, may shift towards introversion in digital settings, reflecting the unique impacts of online interactions.

Digital Overstimulation and Social Fatigue Extroverts, energized by direct social interactions, may find the constant influx of online information overwhelming. This overstimulation can induce social fatigue, leading them to solitude, reduced online activity, and a preference for meaningful, individual conversations rather than extensive group interactions online.

Privacy Concerns and Self-Reflection Online privacy concerns and the potential for widespread information dissemination can prompt extroverts to adopt more reserved online behaviors, akin to introverted caution. The digital space also affords self-reflection opportunities, potentially encouraging more introspection than offline environments.

Mismatch Between Digital Communication and Immediate Feedback The lack of immediate feedback in digital communication, contrasting with the extrovert's preference for real-time interaction cues like body language and vocal tones, may result in less engagement or a shift towards more introverted online behavior.

Selective Social Interaction Digital platforms enable extroverts to selectively engage in deeper, meaningful interactions, aligning more with introverted preferences for quality over quantity in social connections.

Navigating Online Identities Extroverts navigating the nuances of virtual interaction may adopt a more cautious online presence, carefully managing their social investments and how they express their outgoing nature in the absence of physical interaction cues.

Embracing Digital Solitude The concept of "Introverted Extroverts" underscores personality adaptability within digital contexts. It shows how online platforms' distinct social dynamics can encourage extroverts to explore introverted behaviors, highlighting personality trait fluidity and the opportunity for self-expression beyond traditional labels.

The phenomenon of extroverts displaying more introverted behaviors in digital environments is equally fascinating and can be explained through a combination of psychological theories and the unique aspects of online communication.

Here are several factors and corresponding theories that can help elucidate this behavior:

1. Lack of Immediate Feedback and Nonverbal Cues

Theory/Concept: Media Richness Theory (Daft & Lengel, 1986).

Elaboration: Extroverts thrive on immediate feedback and nonverbal cues to gauge social interactions, which are often lacking in digital communication. The absence of these cues can make online interactions less satisfying for extroverts, leading them to engage less frequently or deeply than they would in person.

Reference: Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571.

2. Online Disinhibition Effect

Theory/Concept: Online Disinhibition Effect (Suler, 2004).

Elaboration: While typically associated with more outgoing behavior online, the disinhibition effect can also lead to increased self-awareness and self-consciousness for some extroverts, making them more reserved in digital contexts than they would be in face-to-face interactions.

Reference: Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321-326.

3. Privacy and Security Concerns

Theory/Concept: Privacy Regulation Theory (Altman, 1975).

Elaboration: Extroverts may become more reserved online due to concerns about privacy and the permanence of digital footprints. The awareness of these issues can lead them to self-censor and limit their online engagement, a behavior more characteristic of introverts.

Reference: Altman, I. (1975). The environment and social behavior: Privacy, personal space, territory, and crowding. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

4. Overload of Social Stimuli

Theory/Concept: Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller, 1988).

Elaboration: Extroverts may find the vast and constant stream of information and social stimuli in digital environments overwhelming, leading them to withdraw and engage less to manage cognitive overload.

Reference: Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285.

5. Mismatch Between Platform Dynamics and Personal Preferences

Theory/Concept: Uses and Gratifications Theory (Katz, Blumler, & Gurevitch, 1973).

Elaboration: The characteristics of certain digital platforms may not align with the social preferences of extroverts who seek dynamic, interactive exchanges. When the digital environment doesn't meet their needs for social engagement and gratification, they may adopt more introverted behaviors.

Reference: Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523.

6. Digital Skills and Literacy

Theory/Concept: Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989).

Elaboration: Extroverts with lower digital literacy or comfort with online platforms may engage less and appear more introverted online. Their hesitation or lack of familiarity with digital tools can restrict their usual extroverted interaction patterns.

Reference: Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.

7. Shift in Social Context and Roles

Theory/Concept: Role Theory (Biddle, 1986).

Elaboration: The social context and roles individuals occupy online can differ significantly from those in their offline lives. Extroverts may find themselves in digital contexts where they feel less confident or influential, leading to a more reserved online demeanor.

Reference: Biddle, B. J. (1986). Recent developments in role theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 67-92.

These factors, grounded in various psychological theories, offer insight into why some extroverts might exhibit more introverted behavior in digital environments. They underscore the complexity of personality expression, which can vary significantly across different contexts and is influenced by a myriad of individual and situational factors

A.4. Extroverts Remain Extrovert

In the vast expanse of digital interactions, we find that personality can often adapt and shift. However, some individuals display a remarkable consistency in their behavior. The next section, 'Extrovert Remain Extrovert,' focuses on extroverts whose social enthusiasm seamlessly extends from the physical world into the digital domain. We will examine the catalysts and cognitive theories that explain why these individuals continue to express their extroverted traits online, staying true to their sociable nature in an ever-evolving landscape of communication.

1. Thrives in Social Media's Dynamic and Interactive Nature

Theory/Concept: Uses and Gratifications Theory.

Elaboration: Extroverts are drawn to social media because it satisfies various psychological needs such as the desire for social interaction, information seeking, and entertainment. They actively engage with content that fulfills their need for stimulation and social connection.

Reference: Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523.

2. Leverages Video and Live Features to Maintain Immediate Feedback

Theory/Concept: Media Synchronicity Theory.

Elaboration: Extroverts make use of real-time video and live features on digital platforms to simulate face-to-face interactions, achieving immediate feedback and maintaining a synchronous flow of communication. This allows for dynamic interaction that mimics the rapid give-and-take of in-person conversations.

Reference: Dennis, A. R., & Valacich, J. S. (1999). Rethinking media richness: Towards a theory of media synchronicity. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

3. Engages Broadly Across Multiple Platforms

Theory/Concept: Social Presence Theory.

Elaboration: Extroverts use various online platforms to maximize their social presence, reaching out to diverse groups and participating in multiple communities. This wide-reaching engagement aligns with their inclination to be socially active and visible.

Reference: Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. London, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

4. Seeks Out New Connections Actively

Theory/Concept: Social Capital Theory.

Elaboration: Extroverts actively expand their social networks online, which serves to increase their social capital. They understand that strong networks can provide valuable resources, such as support, information, and opportunities.

Reference: Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.

5. Enjoys the Visibility and Reach Provided by Online Platforms

Theory/Concept: Public Self-Awareness Theory.

Elaboration: The online environment offers extroverts a stage for increased visibility, allowing them to reach a broad audience. This public self-awareness can be gratifying for extroverts, who enjoy the recognition and influence that comes with a substantial online presence.

Reference: Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 522-527.

6. Utilizes Online Platforms to Organize In-Person Events

Theory/Concept: Organizational and Group Communication Theory.

Elaboration: Extroverts adeptly use digital tools to facilitate real-world interactions, such as organizing events or meetups. This highlights their ability to merge online and offline worlds to enhance social connectivity.

Reference: Poole, M. S., & DeSanctis, G. (1990). Understanding the use of group decision support systems: The theory of adaptive structuration. Organizations and communication technology, 173-193.

7. Adapts Quickly to New Social Technologies and Trends

Theory/Concept: Technology Acceptance Model.

Elaboration: Extroverts are often early adopters of new social technologies, displaying a willingness to try and integrate new trends into their digital interactions. Their adaptability allows them to take advantage of evolving communication tools to maintain their social edge.

Reference: Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.

B. To Speak or Not To Speak?

https://lnkd.in/g5hPZu9J

C. CONTRIBUTIONS

D. References

• Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. Holt.
• Altman, I. (1975). The environment and social behavior: Privacy, personal space, territory, and crowding. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
• Biddle, B. J. (1986). Recent developments in role theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 67-92.
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
• Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571.
• Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
• Dennis, A. R., & Valacich, J. S. (1999). Rethinking media richness: Towards a theory of media synchronicity. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
• Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
• Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), 522-527.
• Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
• Herring, S. C. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Linguistic, social, and cross-cultural perspectives. John Benjamins Publishing.
• Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and gratifications research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509-523.
• Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
• Poole, M. S., & DeSanctis, G. (1990). Understanding the use of group decision support systems: The theory of adaptive structuration. In Organizations and communication technology (pp. 173-193).
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
• Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. London, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
• Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. D. Appleton-Century.
• Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321-326.
• Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285.
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47).
• Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440-463.
• Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23(1), 3-43.

E. Additional Remarks

.